雅思模拟试题3阅读.docx

雅思模拟试题3阅读.docx

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雅思模拟试题3阅读

ReadingTest3

ALLANSWERSMUSTBEWRITTENONTHEANSWERSHEET.

Thetestisdividedasfollows:

ReadingPassage1Questions1to14

ReadingPassage2Questions15to28

ReadingPassage3Questions29to40

Startatthebeginningofthetestandworkthroughit.Youshouldanswerallthequestions.Ifyoucannotdoaparticularquestionleaveitandgoontothenextone,YOUcanreturntoitlater.

TIMEALLOWED:

60MINUTES

NUMBEROFQUESTIONS:

40

Readingpassage1

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1-14,whicharebasedonReadingPassage1.

Unmaskingskin

AIfyoutookoffyourskinandlaiditflat,itwouldcoveranareaofabouttwenty-onesquarefeet,makingitbyfarthebody’slargestorgan.Drapedinplaceoverourbodies,skinformsthebarrierbetweenwhat’sinsideusandwhat’soutside.Itprotectsusfromamultitudeofexternalforces.Itservesasanavenuetoourmostintimatephysicalandpsychologicalselves.

BThisimperviousyetpermeablebarrier,lessthanamillimetrethickinplaces,iscomposedofthreelayers.Theoutermostlayeristhebloodlessepidermis.Thedermisincludescollagen,elastin,andnerveendings.Theinnermostlayer,subcutaneousfat,containstissuethatactsasanenergysource,cushionandinsulatorforthebody.

CFromthesefamiliarcharacteristicsofskinemergetheProfoundmysteriesoftouch,arguablyourmostessentialsourceofsensorystimulation.Wecanlivewithoutseeingorhearing-infact,withoutanyofourothersenses.Butbabiesbornwithouteffectivenerveconnectionsbetweenskinandbraincanfailtothriveandmayevendie.

DLaboratoryexperimentsdecadesago,nowconsideredunethicalandinhumane,keptbabymonkeysfrombeingtouchedbytheirmothers.Itmadenodifferencethatthebabiescouldsee,hearandsmelltheirmothers;withouttouching,thebabiesbecameapathetic,andfailedtoprogress.

EForhumans,insufficienttouchinginearlyyearscanhavelifelongresults.‘Intouchingcultures,adultaggressionislowwhereasincultureswheretouchislimited,adultaggressionishigh,’writesTiffanyField,directoroftheTouchResearchInstitutesattheUniversityofMiamiSchoolofMedicine.Studiesofavarietyofculturesshowacorrespondencebetweenhighratesofphysicalaffectioninchildhoodandlowratesofadultphysicalviolence.

FWhiletheeffectsoftouchingareeasytounderstand,themechanicsofitarelessso.Yourskinhasmillionsofnervecellsofvariousshapesatdifferentdepths,’explainsStanleyBolanowski,aneuroscientistandassociatedirectoroftheInstituteforSensoryResearchatSyracuseUniversity.‘Whenthenervecellsarestimulated,physicalenergyistransformedintoenergyusedbythenervoussystemandpassedfromtheskintothespinalcordandbrain.It’scalledtransduction,andnooneknowsexactlyhowittakesplace.’Sufficeittosaythattheprocessinvolvestheintricate,split-secondoperationofacomplexsystemofsignalsbetweenneuronsintheskinandbrain.

GThisisstartingtosoundveryconfusinguntilBolanowskisays:

‘Insimpletermspeopleperceivethreebasicthingsviaskin:

pressure,temperature,andpain.’AndthenI’msurehe’swrong.‘WhenIgetwet,myskinfeelswet,’Iprotest.‘Closeyoureyesandleanback,’saysBolanowski.

HSomethingcoldandwetisonmyforehead-sowet,infact,thatIwaitforwatertostartdrippingdownmycheeks.‘Openyoureyes,’Bolanowskisays,showingmethatthesensationcomesfromachilled,butdry,metalcylinder.Thecombinationofpressureandcold,heexplains,iswhatmakesmyskinperceivewetness.Hegivesmeasurgicalglovetoputonandhasmeputafingerinaglassofcoldwater.Myfingerfeelswet,eventhoughIhavevisualproofthatit’snottouchingwater.Myskin,whichseemedsoreliable,hasbeendeceivingmemyentirelife.WhenIshowerorwashmyhands,Inowrealize,myskinfeelspressureandtemperature.It’smybrainthatsaysIfeelwet.

IPerceptionsofpressure,temperatureandpainmanifestthemselvesinmanydifferentways.Gentlestimulationofpressurereceptorscanresultinticklishness;gentlestimulationofpainreceptors,initching.Bothsensationsarisefromaneurologicaltransmission,notfromsomethingthatphysicallyexists.Skin,I’mrealizing,isunderconstantassault,bothfromwithinthebodyandfromforcesoutside.Repairsoccurwithvaryingsuccess.

JTakethespotwhereInickedmyselfwithaknifewhileslicingfruit.Ihaveacrustyscabsurroundedbypinktissueaboutaquarterinchlongonmyrightpalm.Underthescab,epidermalcellsaremigratingintothewoundtocloseitup.Whentheprocessiscomplete,thescabwillfallofftorevealnewepidermis.It’sonlybeenafewdays,butmylittleself-repairisalmostcomplete.Likewise,werecoverquicklyfromslightburns.Ifyoueverhappentotouchahotburner,justputyourfingerincoldwater.Thechancesareyouwillhavenoblister,littlepainandnoscar.Severeburns,though,areadifferentmatter.

Questions1-4

Thepassagehas10paragraphsA-J.

Whichparagraphcontainsthefollowinginformation?

WritethecorrectletterA-Jinboxes1-4onyouranswersheet.

1thefeaturesofhumanskin,onandbelowthesurface

2anexperimentinwhichthewritercallseewhatishappening

3adviceonhowyoucanavoiddamagetotheskin

4cruelresearchmethodsusedinthepast

Questions5and6

Choosethecorrectletter,A,B,CorD.

Writeyouranswersinboxes5and6onyouranswersheet.

5Howdoesalackofaffectionatetouchingaffectchildren?

AItmakesthemapathetic.

BTheyaremorelikelytobecomeviolentadults.

CTheywillbelessaggressivewhentheygrowup.

DWedonotreallyknow.

6Afterthe‘wetness’experiments,thewritersaysthat

Ahisskinisnotnormal.

Bhisskinwaswetwhenitfeltwet.

Cheknewwhyitfeltwetwhenitwasdry.

Dtheexperimentstaughthimnothingnew.

Questions7-11

CompleteeachsentencewiththecorrectendingA-Ifromtheboxbelow.

WritethecorrectletterA-Iinboxes7-11onyouranswersheet.

7Touchisuniqueamongthefivesenses

8Asubstancemayfeelwet

9Somethingmaytickle

10Theskinmayitch

11Asmallcuthealsupquickly

Abecauseitisbothcoldandpainful.

Bbecausetheouterlayeroftheskincanmenditself.

Cbecauseitcanbeextremelythin.

Dbecausethereislightpressureontheskin.

Ebecausewedonotneedtheotherstosurvive.

Fbecausethereisagoodbloodsupplytotheskin.

Gbecauseofasmallamountofpain.

Hbecausethereisalowtemperatureandpressure.

Ibecauseitishurtingalot.

Jbecauseallhumansarecapableofexperiencingit.

Questions12-14

DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassage1?

Inboxes12-14onyouranswersheetwrite

TRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation

FALSEifthestatementcontradictstheinformation

NOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonthis

12Evenscientistshavedifficultyunderstandinghowoursenseoftouchworks.

13Theskinismoresensitivetopressurethantotemperatureorpain.

14Thehumanskinisalwaysgoodatrepairingitself.

Readingpassage2

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions15-27,whicharebasedon

ReadingPassage2.

Questions15-19

Readingpassage2hasfivesectionsA-E.

ChoosethemostsuitableheadingsforsectionsA-EfromthelistofheadingsbelowWritethecorrectnumberi-xinboxes15-19onyouranswersheet.

Listofheadings

iHowtomakethelocksinyourhomemoresecure

iiHowtoopenalockwithoutakey

iiiChoosingtherighttoolstoopenlocks

ivThecylinderandthebolt

vHowtoopenalockwithadifferentkey

viLockvarieties

viiHowabasicdeadboltsystemworks

viiiThepeoplewhoopenlockswithoutakey

ixHowacylinderlockworks

xHowtopickdifferentkindsoflock

15SectionA

16SectionB

17SectionC

18SectionD

19SectionE

HowLockPickingWorks

SectionA

Lockpickingisanessentialskillforlocksmithsbecauseitletsthemgetpastalockwithoutdestroyingit.Whenyoulockyourselfoutofyourhouseorloseyourkey,alocksmithcanletyoubackinveryeasily.

Lock-pickingskillsarenotparticularlycommonamongburglars,mainlybecausetherearesomanyothersimplerwaysofbreakingintoahouse（throwingabrickthroughabackwindowforexample）.Forthemostpart,onlyintruderswhoneedtocovertheirtracks,suchasspiesanddetectives,willbothertopicka

Simplyunderstandingtheprinciplesoflockpickingmaychangeyourwholeattitudetowardlocksandkeys.Lockpickingclearlydemonstratesthatnormallocksarenotinfallibledevices.Theyprovidealevelofsecuritythatcanbebreachedwithminimaleffort.Withtherighttools,adeterminedintrudercanbreakintoalmostanything,

SectionB

Locksmithsdefinelock-pickingasthemanipulationofalock’scomponentstoopenalockwithoutakey.Tounderstandlock-picking,then,youfirstnavetoknowhowlocksandkeyswork.

Thinkaboutthenormaldeadboltlockyoumightfindonafrontdoor.Inthissortoflock,amovablebeltorlatchisembeddedinthedoorsoitcanbeextendedouttotheside.Thisboltislinedupwithanotchintheframe.Whenyouturnthelock,thebeltextendsintothenotchineframe,sothedoorcan’tmove.Whenyouretracttheboltthedoormovesfreely.Thelock’sonlyjobistomakeitsimpleforsomeonewithakeytomovethebeltbutdifficultforsomeonewithoutakeytomoveit.

SectionC

Themostwidely-usedlockdesignisthecylinderlock.Inthiskind,thekeyturnsacylinderinthemiddleofthelock,whichturnstheattachedmechanism.Whenthecylinderisturnedoneway,themechanismpullsinonthebeltan