雅思阅读模拟.docx

雅思阅读模拟.docx

《雅思阅读模拟.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《雅思阅读模拟.docx（15页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

雅思阅读模拟

　　Hackerstargetthehomefront

　　1.OneoftheUK'sleadingbankshasbeenforcedtoadmitthatorganisedhackinggangshavebeentargetingitsexecutives.Forthepastyear,RoyalBankofScotlandhasbeenfightingsystematicattemptstobreakintoitscomputersystemsfromhackerswhohavesentpersonalisedemailscontainingkeyloggerstoitsseniormanagement.ThishasincludedexecutivesuptoboardlevelandisnowthesubjectofaseparateinvestigationbytheSeriousandOrganisedCrimeAgency.

　　2.Thehackersarehominginonthetrendforpeopletoworkfromhome.ThehackersmaketheassumptionthatthecomputersbeingusedoutsidetheworkenvironmentaremorevulnerablethanthoseprotectedbyacorporateITdepartment.

　　Growingthreat

　　3.Forcompaniesitisagrowingthreatashomeworkingincreases:

arecentsurveyfromtheEqualOpportunitiesCommissionfoundthatmorethan60%oftheUK'spopulationwantstheoptionofflexibleworking.

　　4.Andthehackersareemployingincreasinglysophisticatedtechniques.Eachemailtheysendismeticulouslybuilttomakeitattractivetoitstarget,whothecriminalshavecarefullyresearchedbytrawlingtheinternetforinformation.Oncetheemailiscomposed,themalwareisjustascarefullydesigned:

itisoftenmodifiedtoavoiddetectionbysecuritysoftware.

　　5.Thekeyloggercontainedintheemailinstallsitselfautomaticallyandthencollectsdetailsofloginsandpasswordsfromtheunsuspectinguser.Thismeansthathackerscan,usingtheusernamesandpasswordsstolenbythekeyloggers,connecttoVPNs,orVirtualPrivateNetworks,whichmanycompaniesusetocreateanencryptedpathwayintotheirnetworks.

　　6.Onceinsideabank'snetwork,thehackerscancommunicatedirectlywithcomputersholdingaccountinformationandmanipulatefunds.

　　7.Hasthisactuallyhappened?

InsomecasessourcesclaimthatthelogindetailsofVPNshavebeenobtainedandusedthoughtherehasbeennoconfirmationthatanylosseshaveoccurredasaresult.TheattacksarenotbelievedtohavefocusedonRBSbuttohavebeenacrossthewholeofthebankingindustry.

　　8.RoyalBankofScotlandsaidthatthebankhadsufferednolossesasaresultoftheattacksandadded:

"RBShasextremelyrobustprocessesinplaceinordertoprotectoursystemsfromfraud.Trojanemailattacksareanindustry-wideissueandarenotisolatedtoaparticularareaoraparticularbank."

　　9.Itisnotjustbanksthathavebeentargets.LastyearattemptsweremadetostealinformationfromtheHousesofParliamentusingmaliciousemail.Messagelabs,thecompanyresponsibleformonitoringmuchoftheemailtrafficofthegovernmentandbigbusinessforsuspectsoftware,saidatthebeginningoftheyearthatcriminalshavebeenevolvingmoresophisticatedtechniquestoattackcorporatenetworks.

　　10.AccordingtoMarkSunner,chieftechnologyofficerofMessagelabs,thenumberofmaliciousemailstargetedatindividualshasbeenincreasing.Twoyearsagotheywerebeingseenonceeverytwomonths,butnowtheyareseeingoneortwoaday.ThishasbeenaccompaniedbyanincreaseinqualityinthecreationofTrojansandspyware.

　　11."Thehackersarenowaimingtotakeovercomputers,particularlythoseofhomeusers.Someofthemalicioussoftwarethatweareroutinelyseeingforthatpurposewillhaveitsownantivirussystembuiltintoitsothattheycankillofftheprogramsoftheircompetitors."

　　Increasedvigilance

　　12.TonyNeate,theheadofGetSafeOnline,agovernment-fundedorganisationsetuptoraiseawarenessamongUKbusinessesofcomputercriminals,says:

"ThereisnowanattempttotargetindividualswithinUKbusinesses-includingthebankingsector.Whatishappeningisthatcrimeisdoingwhatitalwaysdoes,whichislookfortheweakestlink.Homeworkingiswheretheyperceiveaweakness.

　　13."Thispointstoaneedforincreasedvigilanceandsecuritybythoseworkingfromhomeandbythoseresponsibleforlettingthemworkfromhome.Forhomeworkingtobeeffective,securityneedstobeaseffectiveasifworkinginanoffice."

　　（667words）

　　Questions1-4　　AnswerthequestionsbelowusingNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSfromthepassageforeachanswer.

　　1.WhatdothehackersusetoattackthecomputersystemoftheRoyalBankofScotland?

　　2.Whichwordismostlikelytobeusedbyhackerstodescribehomecomputers?

　　3.WhatdothemajorityofpeopleintheUKprefer?

　　4.Howdohackerscollectinformationsoastocomposeemails?

　　5.Whatdohackersobtainillegallytogainaccesstobanks’computernetwork?

　　Questions5-12　　Completethesentencesbelowwithwordsfromthepassage.

　　UseNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.

　　6.TheuseoflogindetailsofVPNsbycriminalsdoesnotnecessarilyresultinany______________.

　　7.RoyalBankofScotlandclaimedthattheyarenottheonlyvictimof______________.

　　8.Corporatenetworkswillbeanothertargetofhackerswithimproved_______________.

　　9.Theattacksonindividualshavebeengreatlyincreasedwithin_______________.

　　10.With________________,softwareusedbycriminalscaneliminateitscompetingprograms.

　　11.Homeusersarechosenasatargetbecausetheyareconsideredasa__________.

　　12.GetSafeOnlineiscallingforanincreasein_____________toensuresafehomeworking.

　　1.答案：

personalisedemails/keyloggers（见第1段第2句：

Forthepastyear,RoyalBankofScotlandhasbeenfightingsystematicattemptstobreakintoitscomputersystemsfromhackerswhohavesentpersonalisedemailscontainingkeyloggerstoitsseniormanagement.）

　　2.答案：

vulnerable（见第2段：

ThehackersmaketheassumptionthatthecomputersbeingusedoutsidetheworkenvironmentaremorevulnerablethanthoseprotectedbyacorporateITdepartment.）

　　3.答案：

flexibleworking（见第3段:

Forcompaniesitisagrowingthreatashomeworkingincreases:

arecentsurveyfromtheEqualOpportunitiesCommissionfoundthatmorethan60%oftheUK'spopulationwantstheoptionofflexibleworking.）

　　4.答案：

trawling（the）internet（见第4段第2句：

Eachemailtheysendismeticulouslybuilttomakeitattractivetoitstarget,whothecriminalshavecarefullyresearchedbytrawlingtheinternetforinformation.）

　　5.答案：

loginsandpasswords/usernamesandpasswords（见第5段第第1、2句：

Thekeyloggercontainedintheemailinstallsitselfautomaticallyandthencollectsdetailsofloginsandpasswordsfromtheunsuspectinguser.Thismeansthathackerscan,usingtheusernamesandpasswordsstolenbythekeyloggers,…）

　　6.答案：

losses（见第7段第2句：

InsomecasessourcesclaimthatthelogindetailsofVPNshavebeenobtainedandusedthoughtherehasbeennoconfirmationthatanylosseshaveoccurredasaresult.）

　　7.答案：

Trojanemailattacks（见第8段最后1句：

Trojanemailattacksareanindustry-wideissueandarenotisolatedtoaparticularareaoraparticularbank.）

　　8.答案：

techniques（见第9段最后1句：

…saidatthebeginningoftheyearthatcriminalshavebeenevolvingmoresophisticatedtechniquestoattackcorporatenetworks.）

　　9.答案：

twoyears（见第10段第1、2句：

AccordingtoMarkSunner,chieftechnologyofficerofMessagelabs,thenumberofmaliciousemailstargetedatindividualshasbeenincreasing.Twoyearsagotheywerebeingseenonceeverytwomonths,butnowtheyareseeingoneortwoaday.）

　　10.答案：

（an）antivirussystem（见第11段：

"Thehackersarenowaimingtotakeovercomputers,particularlythoseofhomeusers.Someofthemalicioussoftwarethatweareroutinelyseeingforthatpurposewillhaveitsownantivirussystembuiltintoitsothattheycankillofftheprogramsoftheircompetitors."）

　　11.答案：

weakness（见第12段最后1句：

Homeworkingiswheretheyperceiveaweakness.）

　　12.答案：

vigilanceandsecurity（见第13段：

"Thispointstoaneedforincreasedvigilanceandsecuritybythoseworkingfromhomeandbythoseresponsibleforlettingthemworkfromhome.Forhomeworkingtobeeffective,securityneedstobeaseffectiveasifworkinginanoffice."）

StudyFindsWebAntifraudMeasureIneffective

　　1.Internetsecurityexpertshavelongknownthatsimplepasswordsdonotfullydefendonlinebankaccountsfromdeterminedfraudartists.Nowastudysuggeststhatapopularsecondarysecuritymeasureprovideslittleadditionalprotection.

　　2.Thestudy,producedjointlybyresearchersatHarvardandtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,lookedatatechnologycalledsite-authenticationimages.Inthesystem,currentlyusedbyfinancialinstitutionslikeBankofAmerica,INGDirectandVanguard,onlinebankingcustomersareaskedtoselectanimage,likeadogorchesspiece,thattheywillseeeverytimetheylogintotheiraccount.

　　3.Theideaisthatifcustomersdonotseetheirimage,theycouldbeatafraudulentWebsite,dummieduptolookliketheirbank’s,andshouldnotentertheirpasswords.

　　4.TheHarvardandM.I.T.researcherstestedthathypothesis.InOctober,theybrought67BankofAmericacustomersintheBostonareaintoacontrolledenvironmentandaskedthemtoconductroutineonlinebankingactivities,likelookingupaccountbalances.Buttheresearchershadsecretlywithdrawntheimages.

　　5.Of60participantswhogotthatfarintothestudyandwhoseresultscouldbeverified,58enteredpasswordsanyway.Onlytwochosenottologon,citingsecurityconcerns.

　　6.“Thepremiseisthatsite-authenticationimagesincreasesecuritybecausecustomerswillnotentertheirpasswordsiftheydonotseethecorrectimage,”saidStuartSchechter,acomputerscientistattheM.I.T.LincolnLaboratory.“Fromthestudywelearnedthatthepremiseisrightlessthan10percentofthetime.”

　　7.Headded:

“Ifabankweretoaskmeiftheyshoulddeployit,Iwouldsayno,waitforsomethingbetter,”hesaid.

　　8.Thesystemhassomehigh-powersupporters