UL 1973-2022.pdf

UL 1973-2022.pdf

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ANSI/CAN/UL1973:

2022JOINTCANADA-UNITEDSTATESNATIONALSTANDARDSTANDARDFORSAFETYBatteriesforUseinStationaryandMotiveAuxiliaryPowerApplicationssccccnANSI/UL1973-2022secFOREWORDNationalStandardofCanadaANationalStandardofCanadaisastandarddevelopedbyaStandardsCouncilofCanada（SCC）accreditedStandardsDevelopmentOrganization,incompliancewithrequirementsandguidancesetoutbySCC.MoreinformationonNationalStandardsofCanadacanbefoundatwww.scc.ca.SCCisaCrowncorporationwithintheportfolioofInnovation,ScienceandEconomicDevelopment（ISED）Canada.WiththegoalofenhancingCanadaseconomiccompetitivenessandsocialwell-being,SCCleadsandfacilitatesthedevelopmentanduseofnationalandinternationalstandards.SCCalsocoordinatesCanadianparticipationinstandardsdevelopment,andidentifiesstrategiestoadvanceCanadianstandardizationefforts.AccreditationservicesareprovidedbySCCtovariouscustomers,includingproductcertifiers,testinglaboratories,andstandardsdevelopmentorganizations.AlistofSCCprogramsandaccreditedbodiesispubliclyavailableat.www.scc.ca.ULCOPYRIGHTEDMATERIAL-NOTAUTHORIZEDFORFURTHERREPRODUCTIONORDISTRIBUTIONWITHOUTPERMISSIONFROMULINC.FEBRUARY25,2022-ANSI/CAN/UL1973ULStandardforSafetyforBatteriesforUseinStationaryandMotiveAuxiliaryPowerApplications,ANSI/CAN/UL1973ThirdEdition,DatedFebruary25,2022SummaryofTopicsTheThirdEditionofUL1973hasbeenissuedtoreflectthelatestANSIandSCCapprovaldates,andtoincorporatetheproposalsdatedMay21,2021andOctober29,2021.tr1ThenewandrevisedrequirementsaresubstantiallyinaccordancewithProposal（s）onthissubjectdatedMay21,2021andOctober29,2021.Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformbyanymeans,electronic,mechanicalphotocopying,recording,orotherwisewithoutpriorpermissionofUL.ULprovidesthisStandardasiswithoutwarrantyofanykind,eitherexpressedorimplied,includingbutnotlimitedto,theimpliedwarrantiesofmerchantabilityorfitnessforanypurpose.InnoeventwillULbeliableforanyspecial,incidental,consequential,indirectorsimilardamages,includinglossofprofits,lostsavings,lossofdata,oranyotherdamagesarisingoutoftheuseofortheinabilitytousethisStandard,evenifULoranauthorizedULrepresentativehasbeenadvisedofthepossibilityofsuchdamage.InnoeventshallULsliabilityforanydamageeverexceedthepricepaidforthisStandard,regardlessoftheformoftheclaim.UsersoftheelectronicversionsofULsStandardsforSafetyagreetodefend,indemnify,andholdULharmlessfromandagainstanyloss,expense,liability,damage,claim,orjudgment（includingreasonableattorneysfees）resultingfromanyerrorordeviationintroducedwhilepurchaserisstoringanelectronicStandardonthepurchaserscomputersystem.ULCOPYRIGHTEDMATERIAL-NOTAUTHORIZEDFORFURTHERREPRODUCTIONORDISTRIBUTIONWITHOUTPERMISSIONFROMULINC.tr2FEBRUARY25,2022-ANSI/CAN/UL1973NoTextonThisPageULCOPYRIGHTEDMATERIAL-NOTAUTHORIZEDFORFURTHERREPRODUCTIONORDISTRIBUTIONWITHOUTPERMISSIONFROMULINC.ANSI/UL1973-2022FEBRUARY25,2022ANSI/CAN/UL1973:

2022StandardforBatteriesforUseinStationaryandMotiveAuxiliaryPowerApplicationsThetitleoftheFirstEditionofUL1973wastheStandardforBatteriesforUseinLightElectricRail（LER）ApplicationsandStationaryApplications.ThetitleoftheSecondEditionofUL1973wastheStandardforBatteriesforUseinStationary,VehicleAuxiliaryPowerandLightElectricRail（LER）Applications.FirstEdition-February,2013SecondEdition-February,2018ThirdEditionFebruary25,2022ThisANSI/CAN/ULSafetyStandardconsistsoftheThirdEdition.ThemostrecentdesignationofANSI/UL1973asanAmericanNationalStandard（ANSI）occurredonFebruary25,2022.ANSIapprovalforastandarddoesnotincludetheCoverPage,TransmittalPages,TitlePage,PrefaceorSCCForeword.ThisstandardhasbeendesignatedasaNationalStandardofCanada（NSC）onFebruary25,2022.COPYRIGHT2022UNDERWRITERSLABORATORIESINC.ULCOPYRIGHTEDMATERIAL-NOTAUTHORIZEDFORFURTHERREPRODUCTIONORDISTRIBUTIONWITHOUTPERMISSIONFROMULINC.2ANSI/CAN/UL1973FEBRUARY25,2022NoTextonThisPageULCOPYRIGHTEDMATERIAL-NOTAUTHORIZEDFORFURTHERREPRODUCTIONORDISTRIBUTIONWITHOUTPERMISSIONFROMULINC.FEBRUARY25,2022ANSI/CAN/UL19733CONTENTSPreface.9INTRODUCTION1Scope.132Components.153UnitsofMeasurement.154UndatedReferences.155NormativeReferences.156Glossary.20CONSTRUCTION7General.267.1Non-metallicmaterials.267.2Metallicpartsresistancetocorrosion.277.3Enclosures.277.4Wiringandterminals.287.5Spacingsandseparationofcircuits.307.6Insulationlevelsandprotectivegroundingandbonding.337.7Transformers.347.8Systemsafetyanalysis.347.9Protectivecircuitandcontrols.357.1OCooling/thermalmanagementsystem.377.11Electrolytecontainmentpartsandpartssubjecttopressure.377.12Cells（batteryandelectrochemicalcapacitor）.387.13Repurposedcellsandbatteries.40PERFORMANCE8General.409DeterminationofPotentialforFireHazard.421OImportantTestConsiderations.4311SingleFaultConditions.4312TestResults.4313DeterminationofToxicEmissions.4514MeasurementEquipmentAccuracy.46ELECTRICALTESTS15OverchargeTest.4616HighRateCharge.4717ShortCircuitTest.4818OverloadUnderDischarge.5019OverdischargeProtectionTest.5220TemperatureandOperatingLimitsCheckTest.5321ImbalancedChargingTest.5522DielectricVoltageWithstandTest.5623ContinuityTest.5724FailureofCooling/ThermalStabilitySystem.5725WorkingVoltageMeasurements.5826TestsonElectricalComponents.59L-NOTAUTHORIZEDFORFURTHEREPRODUCTIONORDISTRIBUTIONWITHOUTPERMISSIONFROMULINC.4ANSI/CAN/UL1973FEBRUARY25,202226.1Locked-rotortestforlowvoltagedefans/motorsinsecondarycircuits.5926.2Input.5926.3Leakagecurrent.5926.4Strainrelieftest.6026.5Push-backrelieftest.6026.6Lowvoltagetransformerevaluation.6027ElectromagneticImmunityTests.6127.1General.6127.2Electrostaticdischarge.6227.3Radio-frequencyelectromagneticfield.6227.4Fasttransient/burstimmunity.6227.5Surgeimmunity.6227.6Radio-frequencycommonmode.6327.7Power-frequencymagneticfield.6327.8Operationalverification.63MECHANICALTESTS28VibrationTest（LERMotiveandVAPApplications）.6429ShockTest（LERMotiveandVAPApplications）.6530CrushTest（LERMotiveandVAPApplications）.6631StaticForceTest.6732ImpactTest.6833DropImpactTest.6934WallMountFixture/SupportStructure/HandleTest.7035MoldStressTest.7036PressureReleaseTest.7137Start-To-DischargeTest.71ENVIRONMENTALTESTS38ThermalCyclingTest（LERMotiveandVAPApplications）.7239ResistancetoMoistureTest.7340SaltFogTest.7441ExternalFireExposureforProjectileHazardsTest.74TOLERANCETOINTERNALCELLFAILURETESTS42SingleCellFailureDesignTolerance.7742.1General.7742.2Singlecellfailuredesigntolerance（lithiumion）.7742.3Singlecellfailuredesigntolerance（othertechnologies）.78MANUFACTURINGANDPRODUCTIONLINETESTS43General.79MARKINGS44General.80INSTRUCTIONS45General.82Ll,GHTEDMATERIAL-NOTAUTHORIZEDFORFURTH:

.REPRODUCTIONORDISTRIBUTIONWITHOUTPERMISSIONFROMULINC.FEBRUARY25,2022ANSI/CAN/UL19735AnnexA（Normative）A1StandardsforComponents.85AnnexB（Normative）Testprogramforsodium-betabatterycellsB1General.88B2CellTests.88B2.1Electrical.88B2.2Mechanical.89B2.3Environmental.90AnnexC（Normative）TestprogramforflowingelectrolytebatteriesC1General.91C2MaterialsContainingElectrolyte-ResistancetoDeteriorationfromFluids.91C3MaterialsContainingElectrolyte-TemperatureExposure.92C4FlowingElectrolyteCellStackTests.92C4.1Vibrationofcellstack.92C4.2Shocktestoncellstack.93C4.3Hightemperaturetestoncellstack.93C4.4Shortcircuittestoncellstack.93C5FlowingElectrolyteBatterySystemTests.93C5.1Hydraulicpressuretest.93C5.2Leakagetest.94C5.3Electrolyteblockagetests.94C5.4Shortcircuittest.95C5.5Insulationresistance.95C5.6Failureofthecooling/thermalstabilitysystemtest.95C6SpillContainmentSystems.95AnnexD（Normative）MetalcompatibilityD1General.96AnnexE（Normative）CellTestProgramE1General.99E2PreconditioningandCapacityCheck.100E2.1Preconditioning.100E2.2Capacitycheck.100E3ShortCircuit.101E4CellImpact.101E5DropImpact.101E6Heating.101E7Overcharge.101E8ForcedDischarge.101E9Projectile.102ALTERNATIVETESTPROGRAMFORSECONDARYLITHIUMCELLSE10General.102E11Tests.103E11.1Short-circuittest.103E11.2Overchargetest.103UL/AL-NOUHOIOUHREPRODUCTIONOISTRIBUTIONWITHOUTPERMISSIONFROMULINC.6ANSI/CAN/UL1973FEBRUARY25,2022E11.3Crushtest.103E11.4Impacttest.103E11.5Shocktest.104E11.6Vibrationtest.104E11.7Heatingtest.105E11.8Temperaturecyclingtest.105E11.9Lowpressure（altitudesimulation）test.105E11.10Projectiletest.106E12TestSamplesandResultsCriteria.108E12.1General.108E12.2Testresultscompliancecriteria.108AnnexF（Informative）CellFailureMethodsF1General.110F2ReplicatingInternalCellFailuresThroughInternalDefects.110F2.1Singlecellconductivecontamination.110F2.2Singlecellseparatordefect.110F2.3Internalheaterapplication.111F3ReplicatingInternalCellFailuresThroughApplicationofExternalStress.111F3.1Externalheaterapplication.111F3.2Externalindentationwithoutcasing/surfacepenetration.111F3.3Nailpenetrationthroughcellcasing.112F3.4Singlecellshortcircuit.113F3.5Singlecellovercharge.113AnnexG（Informative）SafetyMarkingTranslationsAnnexH（Normative）Alternat