AT89S52单片概述中英文资料对照外文翻译文献综述.docx
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AT89S52单片概述中英文资料对照外文翻译文献综述
AT89S52单片概述
中英文资料对照外文翻译文献综述
英文原文资料:
TheDescriptionofMCU
MCUDescription
SCMisalsoknownasmicro-controller(MicrocontrollerUnit),commonlyusedlettersoftheacronymMCUMCUthatitwasfirstusedinindustrialcontrol.OnlyasinglechipbytheCPUchipdevelopedfromadedicatedprocessor.ThefirstdesignisbyalargenumberofperipheralsandCPUonachipinthecomputersystem,smaller,moreeasilyintegratedintoacomplexanddemandingonthevolumecontroldevicewhich.INTEL'sZ80isthefirstdesignedinaccordancewiththisideaprocessor,thenonthedevelopmentofmicrocontrolleranddedicatedprocessorshavepartedways.
Are8-bitmicrocontrollerearlyor4bits.OneofthemostsuccessfulistheINTEL8031,forasimple,reliableandgoodperformancewasalotofpraise.Thendevelopedin8031outofMCS51MCUSystems.SCMsystemsbasedonthissystemuntilnowisstillwidelyused.Withtheincreasedrequirementsofindustrialcontrolfield,begana16-bitmicrocontroller,becausethecostisnotsatisfactorybuthavenotbeenverywidelyused.After90yearswiththegreatdevelopmentofconsumerelectronics,microcontrollertechnologyhasbeenahugeincrease.WithINTELi960series,especiallythelaterseriesofwidelyusedARM,32-bitmicrocontrollerquicklyreplacehigh-end16-bitMCUstatusandenterthemainstreammarket.Thetraditional8-bitmicrocontrollerperformancehavebeentherapidincreasecapacityincreasecomparedto80thenumberoftimes.Currently,high-end32-bitmicrocontrollerclockedover300MHz,theperformancecatchingthemid-90'sdedicatedprocessor,whiletheaveragemodelpricesfalltooneU.S.dollars,themosthigh-end[1]modelonly10dollars.ModernSCMsystemsarenolongeronlyinthedevelopmentanduseofbaremetalenvironment,alargenumberofproprietaryembeddedoperatingsystemiswidelyusedinthefullrangeofSCM.Thehandheldcomputersandcellphonesasthecoreprocessingofhigh-endmicrocontrollercanevenuseadedicatedWindowsandLinuxoperatingsystems.
SCMismoresuitablethanthespecificprocessorusedinembeddedsystems,soitwasuptotheapplication.InfactthenumberofSCMistheworld'slargestcomputer.Modernhumanlifeusedinalmosteverypieceofelectronicandmechanicalproductswillbeintegratedsinglechip.Phone,telephone,calculator,homeappliances,electronictoys,handheldcomputersandcomputeraccessoriessuchasamousewitha1-2inboththeDepartmentofSCM.PersonalcomputerwillhavealargenumberofSCMinthework.Generalcarwithmorethan40SCM,complexindustrialcontrolsystemsmayevenhavehundredsofSCMinthesametimework!
SCMisnotonlyfarexceedsthenumberofPCandothercomputingthesum,orevenmorethanthenumberofhumanbeings
Singlechip,alsoknownassingle-chipmicrocontroller,itisnotcompleteacertainlogicchips,buttoacomputersystemintegratedintoachip.Equivalenttoamicro-computer,andcomputerthanjustthelackofamicrocontrollerI/Odevices.Generaltalk:
achipbecomesacomputer.Itssmallsize,lightweight,cheap,forthestudy,applicationanddevelopmentoffacilitiesprovided.Atthesametime,learningtousetheMCUistounderstandtheprincipleandstructureofthecomputerthebestchoice.
SCMandthecomputerfunctionsinternallywithsimilarmodules,suchasCPU,memory,parallelbus,thesameeffectaswell,andharddiskmemorydevices,anddifferentisitsperformanceofthesecomponentswererelativelyweakmanyofourhomecomputer,butthepriceislow,usuallynotmorethan10yuanyoucandowithit......somecontrolforaclassisnotverycomplicatedelectricalworkisenoughof.Weareusingautomaticdrumwashingmachine,smokehood,VCDandsoonapplianceswhichcouldseeitsshadow!
......Itisprimarilyasacontrolsectionofthecorecomponents
Itisanonlinereal-timecontrolcomputer,control-lineisthatthesceneisneededisastrongeranti-jammingability,lowcost,andthisis,andoff-linecomputer(suchashomePC),themaindifference.
Singlechip
MCUisthroughrunning,andcanbemodified.Throughdifferentprocedurestoachievedifferentfunctions,inparticularspecialuniquefeatures,thisisanotherdevicemucheffortneedstobedone,somegreateffortsareverydifficulttodo.Anotverycomplexfunctionsifthe50'swiththeUnitedStatesdeveloped74series,orthe60'sCD4000seriesofthesepurehardwarebuttoned,thenthecircuitmustbealargePCBboard!
ButiftheUnitedStatesifthe70'swithaseriesofsuccessfulSCMmarket,theresultwillbeadrasticchange!
Justbecauseyouarepreparedbymicrocomputerprogramscanachievehighintelligence,highefficiencyandhighreliability!
Asthemicrocontrolleronthecost-sensitive,sonowthedominantsoftwareorthelowestlevelassemblylanguage,whichisthelowestlevelinadditiontomorethanbinarymachinecodelanguage,andassolowwhyistheuse?
Manyhigh-levellanguagehasreachedthelevelofvisualprogrammingWhyisnotit?
ThereasonissimplythatthereisnohomecomputerasasinglechipCPU,notashardasamassstoragedevice.Avisualizationofsmallhigh-levellanguageprogramwhichevenifonlyonebutton,willreachtensofKofsize!
ForthehomePC'sharddriveintermsofnothing,butintermsoftheMCUisnotacceptable.SCMintheutilizationofhardwareresourcestobeveryhighforthejobsoalthoughtheoriginalisstillinthecompilationofalotofuse.Thesametoken,ifthegiantcomputeroperatingsystemandapplicationsrunuptogethomePC,homePC,alsocannotaffordto.
Canbesaidthatthetwentiethcenturyacrossthethree"power"era,thatis,theageofelectricity,theelectronicageandhasenteredintothecomputerage.However,thiscomputer,usuallyreferstothepersonalcomputer,referredtoasPC.Itconsistsofthehost,keyboard,monitorandothercomponents.Anothertypeofcomputer,mostpeopledonotknowhow.Thiscomputeristogiveallkindsofintelligentmachinessinglechip(alsoknownasmicro-controller).Asthenamesuggests,thiscomputersystemtookonlyaminimalintegratedcircuit,canbeasimpleoperationandcontrol.Becauseitissmall,usuallyhiddeninthechargedmechanical"stomach"in.Itisinthedevice,likethehumanbrainplaysarole,itgoeswrong,thewholeplantwasparalyzed.Now,thismicrocontrollerhasaverybroadfieldofuse,suchassmartmeters,real-timeindustrialcontrol,communicationsequipment,navigationsystems,andhouseholdappliances.OnceallkindsofproductswereusingSCM,canservetoupgradetheeffectivenessofproducts,oftenintheproductnameprecededbytheadjective-"intelligent,"suchasintelligentwashingmachines.Nowsometechnicalpersonneloffactoriesorotheramateurelectronicsdeveloperstoengageinoutofcertainproducts,notthecircuitistoocomplicated,thatfunctionistoosimpleandcaneasilybecopied.Thereasonmaybestuckintheproductdidnotuseamicrocontrollerorotherprogrammablelogicdevice.
SCMhistory
SCMwasborninthelate20thcentury,70,experiencedSCM,MCU,SoCthreestages.
Firstmodel
1.SCMthesinglechipmicrocomputer(SingleChipMicrocomputer)stage,mainlyseekingthebestofthebestsingleformofembeddedsystemsarchitecture."Innovationmodel"success,layingtheSCMandgeneralcomputercompletelydifferentpathofdevelopment.Intheopenroadofindependentdevelopmentofembeddedsystems,IntelCorporationcontributed.
2.MCUthemicro-controller(MicroControllerUnit)stage,themaindirectionoftechnologydevelopment:
expandingtomeettheembeddedapplications,thetargetsystemrequirementsforthevariousperipheralcircuitsandinterfacecircuits,highlighttheobjectofintelligentcontrol.Itinvolvestheareasassociatedwiththeobjectsystem,therefore,thedevelopmentofMCU'sresponsibilityinevitablyfallsonelectrical,electronicsmanufacturers.Fromthispointofview,IntelfadedMCUdevelopmenthasitsobjectivefactors.InthedevelopmentofMCU,themostfamousmanufacturersasthenumberofPhilipsCorporation.
Philipscompanyinembeddedapplications,itsgreatadvantage,theMCS-51single-chipmicro-computerfromtherapiddevelopmentofthemicro-controller.Therefore,whenwelookbackatthepathofdevelopmentofembeddedsystems,donotforgetIntelandPhilipsinHistory.
EmbeddedSystems
Embeddedsystemmicrocontrollerisanindependentdevelopmentpath,theMCUimportantfactorinthedevelopmentstage,isseekingapplicationstomaximizethesolutiononthechip;Therefore,thedevelopmentofdedicatedsinglechipSoCtrendofthenaturalform.Asthemicroelectronics,ICdesign,EDAtoolsdevelopment,applicationsystembasedonMCUSoCdesignhavegreaterdevelopment.Therefore,theunderstandingofthemicrocontrollerchipmicrocomputercanbe,extendedtothesingle-chipmicro-controllerapplications.
MCUapplications
SCMnowpermeateallareasofourlives,whichisalmostdifficulttofindtracesofthefieldwithoutSCM.Missilenavigationequipment,aircraft,alltypesofinstrumentcontrol,computernetworkcommunicationsanddatatransmission,industrialautomation,real-timeprocesscontrolanddataprocessing,extensiveuseofvarioussmartICcard,civilianluxurycarsecuritysystem,videorecorder,camera,fullyautomaticwashingmachinecontrol,andprogram-controlledtoys,electronicpet,etc.,whichareinseparablefromthemicrocontroller.Nottomentiontheareaofrobotcontrol,intelligentinstruments,medicalequipmentwas.Therefore,theMCUlearning,developmentandapplicationofthelargenumberofcomputerapplicationsandintelligentcontrolofthescientists,engineers.
Thesingle-chipmicrocomputerAT89S