Electric Machinery Fundamentals (5th).pdf

Electric Machinery Fundamentals (5th).pdf

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ELECTRICMACHINERYFUNDAMENTALSFIFTHEDITIONStephenJ.Chapman-onnectLearn_-SucceedBASystemsAustraliaTheMcGraw-HiliCompanIes-onnectLearn.,Succeed-ELECfRICMACHINERYFUNDAMENTALS,FIFTHEDlTlONPublishedbyMcGraw-Hill,abusinessunitofTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,1221AvenueoftheAmericas,NewYork,NY10020.Copyright2012byTheMcGraw-HiliCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.Previousedition2005,1999,and1991.Nopartofthispublicationmayberepro-ducedordistributedinanyformorbyanymeans,orstoredinadatabaseorretrievalsystem,withoutthepriorwrittenconsentofTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,including,butnotlimitedto,inanynetworkorotherelectronicstorageortransmission,orbroadcastfordistancelearning.Someancillaries,includingelectronicandprintcomponents,maynotbeavailabletocustomersoutsidetheUnitedStates.Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaperconLaining10%postconsumerwaste.1234567890DOOVOCI0987654321ISBN978-0-07-352954-7MHlD0-07-352954-0VicePresident&Editor-in-Chief:

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RRDOllllelleyAllcreditsappearingonpageorallheendofthebookareconsideredtobeanextensionofthecopyrighlpage.LibraryofCongressCataJoging-in-PubIicationDataChapman,Stephen1.Electricmachineryfundamentals1Stephen1.Chapman.-5thed.p.cm.ISBN-13:

978-0-07-352954-7（alk.paper）ISBN-IO:

0-07-352954-0（alk.pap）1.Electricmachinery.I.Title.TK2000.C462012621.31042-nACMachines639ThePitchofaCoil/TheInducedVoltage0/aFractionalPitchCoilIHannonicProblemsandFracriolJa/PitchWindingsB.2DistributedWmdingsinACMachines648TheBreadthorDistributionFactor/TheGeneratedVoltageIncludingDistributionEffects/ToothorSlotHarmonicsB.3Summary656Questions657Problems657References658（AppendixCSalient-PoleTheoryofSynchronousMachines659C.lDevelopmentoftheEquivalentCircuitofaSalient-PoleSynchronousGenerator660C.2TorqueandPowerEquationsofaSalient-PoleMachines666Problems667AppendixDTablesofCoustantsandConversionFactors669rPREFACEIntheyearssincethefirsteditionofElectricMachineryFundamentalswas（published,therehasbeenrapidadvanceinthedevelopmentoflargerandmore（sophisticatedsolid-statemotordrivepackages.Thefirsteditionofthisbookstatedthatdemotorswerethemethodofchoicefordemandingvariable-speedapplica-tions.Thatstatementisnolongertruetoday.Now,thesystemofchoiceforspeedcontrolapplicationsismostoftenanacinductionmotorwithasolid-statemotordrive.DCmotorshavebeenlargelyrelegatedtospecial-purposeapplicationswhereadepowersourceisreadilyavailable,suchasinautomotiveelectricalsystems.Thethirdeditionofthebookwasextensivelyrestructuredtoreflectthesechanges.ThematerialonacmotorsandgeneratorsisnowcoveredinChapters3through6,beforethematerialondcmachines.Inaddition,thedcmachinerycov-eragewasreducedcomparedtoearliereditions.Thiseditioncontinueswiththissamebasicstructure.Inaddition,theformerChapter3onsolid-stateelectronicshasbeendeletedfromthefifthedition.Feedbackfromusershasindicatedthatthatmaterialwastoodetailedforaquickoverview,andnotdetailedenoughforasolid-stateelectronicscourse.Sinceveryfewinstructorswereusingthismaterial,ithasbeenremovedfromthiseditionandaddedasasupplementonthebookswebsite.Anyinstruc-tororstudentwishingtocontinueusingthematerialinthischaptercanfreelydownloadit.Learningobjectiveshavebeenaddedtothebeginningofeachchaptertoenhancestudentleaming.Chapter1providesanintroductiontobasicmachineryconcepts,andcon-cludesbyapplyingthoseconceptstoalineardcmachine,whichisthesimplestpossibleexampleofamachine.Chapter2coverstransformers.whicharenotro-tatingmachines,butwhichsharemanysimilaranalysistechniques.AfterChapter2,aninstructormaychoosetoteacheitherdcoracmachin-eryfirst.Chapters3through6coveracmachinery,andChapters7and8coverdemachinery.ThesechaptersequenceshavebeenmadecompletelyindependentofxxiiPREFACEeachother,sothataninstructorcancoverthematerialintheorderwhichbestsuitshisorherneeds.Forexample,aone-semestercoursewithaprimaryconcentrationinacmachinerymightconsistofpartsofChapters1,2,3,4,5,and6,withanyremainingtimedevotedtodcmachinery.Aone-semestercoursewithaprimaryconcentrationindemachinerymightconsistofpartsofChapters1,2,7,and8,withanyremainingtimedevotedtoacmachinery.Chapter9isdevotedtosingle-phaseandspecial-purposemotors,suchasuniversalmotors,steppermotors,brushlessdemotors,andshaded-polemotors.Thehomeworkproblemsandtheendsofchaptershavebeenrevisedandcorrected,andmorethan70%oftheproblemsareeithernewormodifiedsincethelastedition.Inrecentyears,therehavebeenmajorchangesinthemethodsusedtoteachmachinerytoelectricalengineeringandelectricaltechnologystudents.ExcellentanalyticaltoolssuchasMATLABhavebecomewidelyavailableinuniversityengineeringcurricula.Thesetoolsmakeverycomplexcalculationssimpletoperform,andtheyallowstudentstoexplorethebehaviorofproblemsinteractively.ThiseditionofElectricMachineryFundamentalsmakesselecteduseofMATLABtoenhanceastudentslearningexperiencewhereappropriate.Forexample,studentsuseMATLABinChapter6tocalculatethetorque-speedcharacteristicsofinductionmotors,andtoexplorethepropertiesofdouble-cageinductionmotors.ThistextdoesnotteachMATLAB;itassumesthatthestudentisfamiliarwithitthroughpreviouswork.Also,thebookdoesnotdependonastudenthav-ingMATLAB.MATLABprovidesanenhancementtothelearningexperienceifitisavailable,butifitisnot,theexamplesinvolvingMATLABcansimplybeskipped,andtheremainderofthetextstillmakessense.Thisbookwouldneverhavebeenpossiblewithoutthehelpofdozensofpeopleoverthepast25years.Itisgratifyingformetoseethebookstillpopularafterallthattime,andmuchofthatisduetotheexcellentfeedbackprovidedbyreviewers.Forthisedition,Iwouldespeciallyliketothank:

AshokaK.S.BhatUniversityo/VictoriaWilliamButukLakeheadUniversityShaahinFilizadehUniversityofManitobaJesusFraile-ArdanuyUlliversidadPolitecnicadeMadridRiadhHabashUniversityofOttawaFloydHendersonMichiganTechnologicalUniversityMATLABisaregisteredtrademarkofTheMathWorks,Inc.TheMathWorks,Inc.,3AppleHillDrive,Natick,MA01760-2098USAEmail:

;（RajeshKavasser;NorthDakotaStareUniversityAliKeyhaniTheOhioStateUniversityAndrewKnightUniversityofAlbertaXiaominKouUniversityofWisconsin-PlattevilleAhmadNafisiCaliforniaPolytechnicStateUniversity,SanLuisObispoSubhasisNandiUniversityofVictoriaPREFACExxiiiM.HashemNehr;rMontanaStaleUniversity-BozemanAliShabanCaliforniaPolytechnicStateUniversity,SanLuisObispoKuangShengRutgersUniversityBarnaSzabadosMcMasterUniversityTristanJ.TayagTexasChristianUniversityRajivK.VarmaTheUniversityofWeslernOmarioStephenJ.ChapmanMelbourne,Victoria,AustraliaxxivELECTRICMACHINERYFUNDAMENTALSMCGRAW-HILLDIGITALOFFERINGSINCLUDE:

SupplementalmaterialssupportingthebookareavailablefromthebookswebsiteatmaterialsavailableatthataddressincludeMATLABsourcecode,thesupplementIntroductiontoPowerElectronics,pointerstositesofinteresttomachinerystudents,alistofenatainthetext,somesupplementaltopicswhicharenotcoveredinthemaintext,andsupplementalMATLABtools.McGraw-HiliHigherEducationandBlackboardhaveteamedup.Blackboard,theweb-basedcoursemanagementsystem,haspartneredwithMcGraw-Hilitobetterallowstudentsandfacultytouseonlinematerialsandac-tivitiestocomplementface-ta-faceteaching.Blackboardfeaturesexcitingsociallearningandteachingtoolsthatfostermorelogical,visuallyimpactfulandactivelearningopportunitiesforstudents.Youlltransformyourclosed-doorclassroomsintocommunitieswherestudentsremainconnectedtotheireducationalexperi-ence24hoursaday.lIitiml.,.IBt;ckboardDoMoreMcGraw-HillandBlackboardcannowofferyoueasyaccesstoindustryleadingtechnologyandcon-tent,whetheryourcampushostsit,orwedo.BesuretoaskyourlocalMcGraw-Hillrepresentativefordetails.ProfessorscanbenefitfromMcGraw-HilisCompleteOnlineSolutionsManualOrganizationSystem（COSMOS）.COSMOSenablesinstructorstogen-eratealimitlesssupplyofproblemmaterialforassignment,aswellastransferandintegratetheirownproblemsintothesoftware.ContactyourMcGraw-Hillsalesrepresentativeforadditionalinformation.（,CHAPTER1INTRODUCTIONTOMACHINERYPRINCIPLESOBJECTIVESLearnthebasicsofrotationalmechanics:

angularvelocity,angularaccelera-tion,torque,andNewtonslawforrotation.Learnhowtoproduceamagneticfield.Understandmagneticcircuits.Understandthebehaviorofferromagneticmaterials.Understandhysteresisinferromagneticmaterials.UnderstandFaradayslaw.Understandhowtoproduceaninducedforceonawire.Understandhowtoproduceaninducedvoltageacrossawire.Understandtheoperationofasimplelinearmachine.Beabletoworkwithreal,reactive,andapparentpowers.1.1ELECTRICALMACIDNES,TRANSFORMERS,ANDDAILYLIFEAnelectricalmachineisadevicethatcanconvert