建筑十书_英文版.doc

建筑十书_英文版.doc

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TheProjectGutenbergEBookofTenBooksonArchitecture,byVitruvius

ThiseBookisfortheuseofanyoneanywhereatnocostandwith

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Title:

TenBooksonArchitecture

Author:

Vitruvius

ReleaseDate:

December31,2006[EBook#20239]

Language:

English

Charactersetencoding:

ISO-8859-1

***STARTOFTHISPROJECTGUTENBERGEBOOKTENBOOKSONARCHITECTURE***

ProducedbyChuckGreif,MelissaEr-Raqabi,TedGarvinand

theOnlineDistributedProofreadingTeamat

VITRUVIUS

THETENBOOKSONARCHITECTURE

TRANSLATEDBY

MORRISHICKYMORGAN,PH.D.,LL.D.

LATEPROFESSOROFCLASSICALPHILOLOGY

INHARVARDUNIVERSITY

WITHILLUSTRATIONSANDORIGINALDESIGNS

PREPAREDUNDERTHEDIRECTIONOF

HERBERTLANGFORDWARREN,A.M.

NELSONROBINSONJR.PROFESSOROFARCHITECTURE

INHARVARDUNIVERSITY

CAMBRIDGE

HARVARDUNIVERSITYPRESS

LONDON:

HUMPHREYMILFORD

OXFORDUNIVERSITYPRESS

1914

COPYRIGHT,HARVARDUNIVERSITYPRESS

CONTENTS

LISTOFILLUSTRATIONS

INDEX

PREFACE

Duringthelastyearsofhislife,ProfessorMorganhaddevotedmuchtimeandenergytothepreparationofatranslationofVitruvius,whichheproposedtosupplementwitharevisedtext,illustrations,andnotes.Hehadcompletedthetranslation,withtheexceptionofthelastfourchaptersofthetenthbook,andhaddiscussed,withProfessorWarren,theillustrationsintendedforthefirstsixbooksofthework;thenoteshadnotbeenarrangedorcompleted,thoughmanyofthemwereoutlinedinthemanuscript,ortheintentiontoinsertthemindicated.Theseveralbooksofthetranslation,sofarasitwascompleted,hadbeenreadtoalittlegroupoffriends,consistingofProfessorsSheldonandKittredge,andmyself,andhadreceivedourcriticism,whichhad,attimes,beenutilizedintherevisionofthework.

AfterthedeathofProfessorMorgan,inspiteofmyobviousincompetencyfromatechnicalpointofview,Iundertook,attherequestofhisfamily,tocompletethetranslation,andtoseethebookthroughthepress.Imust,therefore,assumeentireresponsibilityforthetranslationofthetenthbook,beginningwithchapterthirteen,andfurtherresponsibilityfornecessarychangesmadebymeintheearlierpartofthetranslation,changeswhich,innocase,affectanytheoryheldbyProfessorMorgan,butwhichinvolvemainlytheadoptionofsimplerformsofstatement,orthecorrectionofobviousoversights.

ThetextfollowedisthatofValentineRoseinhissecondedition（Leipzig,1899）,andthevariationsfromthistextare,withafewexceptionswhichareindicatedinthefootnotes,inthenatureofareturntotheconsensusofthemanuscriptreadings.

TheillustrationsinthefirstsixbooksarebelievedtobesubstantiallyinaccordwiththewishesofProfessorMorgan.Thesuggestionsforillustrationsinthelaterbookswereincomplete,anddidnotindicate,inallcases,withsufficientdefinitenesstoallowthemtobeexecuted,thechangesfromconventionalplansanddesignsintendedbythetranslator.Ithas,therefore,beendecidedtoincludeinthispartoftheworkonlythoseillustrationswhichareknowntohavehadthefullapprovalofProfessorMorgan.TheoneexceptiontothisprincipleisthereproductionofaroughmodeloftheRamofHegetor,constructedbymeonthebasisofthemeasurementsgivenbyVitruviusandAthenaeus.

ItdoesnotseemtomenecessaryorevenadvisabletoenterintoalongdiscussionastothedateofVitruvius,whichhasbeenassignedtovariousperiodsfromthetimeofAugustustotheearlycenturiesofourera.ProfessorMorgan,inseveralarticlesintheHarvardStudiesinClassicalPhilology,andintheProceedingsoftheAmericanAcademy,allofwhichhavebeenreprintedinavolumeofAddressesandEssays（NewYork,1909）,upheldthenowgenerallyacceptedviewthatVitruviuswroteinthetimeofAugustus,andfurnishedconclusiveevidencethatnothinginhislanguageisinconsistentwiththisview.Inrevisingthetranslation,ImetwithonebitofevidenceforadatebeforetheendofthereignofNerowhichIhaveneverseenadduced.Inviii,3,21,thekingdomofCottiusismentioned,thenamedepending,itistrue,onanemendation,butonewhichhasbeenuniversallyacceptedsinceitwasfirstproposedin1513.ThekingdomofCottiuswasmadeintoaRomanprovincebyNero（cf.Suetonius,Nero,18）,anditisinconceivablethatanyRomanwritersubsequentlyreferredtoitasakingdom.

ItdoesseemnecessarytoaddafewwordsabouttheliterarymeritsofVitruviusinthistreatise,andaboutProfessorMorgan'sviewsastothegeneralprinciplestobefollowedinthetranslation.

Vitruviuswasnotagreatliterary