浙江省宁波市中考英语试题含答案及详细答案解析.docx

浙江省宁波市中考英语试题含答案及详细答案解析.docx

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浙江省宁波市中考英语试题含答案及详细答案解析

宁波市2018年初中学业水平考试

英语试题（含答案及详细答案解析）

考生须知：

l.全卷分试题卷和答题卷。

试题卷共8页，有6个大题。

满分为95分，考试时间为90分钟。

2.请将姓名、准考证号分别填写在试题卷和答题卷的规定位置上。

3.答题时，把试题卷笫一至三大题的答案在答题卷对应的选项位置用2B铅笔涂黑、涂满。

将试题卷笫四、五、六大题的答案用黑色字迹的钢笔或签宇笔书写，答案必须按照题号顺序在答题卷各题目规定区域内作答，做在试题卷上或超出答题区域书写的答案无效。

一、完形填空（本题有15小题，每小题1分，共计15分）

阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

Itdoesnotalwayscomeeasytodiscoveroneself.Fromayoungage,IhadastrongsenseofwhoIwastobecome,_1anaccidentmademeredefine（重审）myself.

Tome,skatingwasaboveall.Therewas_2_inthisworldthatfilledmyheartwithsuchjoy.Ispenttwenty-fourhoursaweekpracticingmy_3__.Havingnosociallifeorinterestsbutskating,mydevotion（挚爱）broughtmefirstplacemedalsinnearlyevery_4.

Unfortunately,inoneshow,Ifelldownandhurtmyself_5__.AfterseveralX-raysandMRI（磁共振）scans,the6（told）TiethatIcouldn'treturntomysportanymore.Thepaininmybackwashardtobearandeventhe7dailytasksbecamedifficult.

Asmypassion（激情）was_8,IhadlittlesenseofwhoIwastobecome.Aftereightmonthsofsuffering,somethinghadto9.Insteadofwastingmydayssittingaroundpainfully,Ibegantoputmy10intolocalcommunityserviceprojects.Byvolunteering_11aswimmingteacherandsummerreadingassistantforkids,IgotanideaofwhoI12tobecome.Afterafewmonths,Idevotedtimetomyinterestinthearts.LittlebyLittle,I13outoftheshadow（阴影）andrebuiltmyconfidence.

Sometimes,some14rocksblock（阻碍）ourway.Wecanchoosetostaybehindortrytoclimbover.Myaccidentwasarockthat15_tostopmefromreachingsuccess.TodayI’maveryconfidentandoptimisticperson.

1.A.andB.butC.orD.so

2.A.everythingB.somethingC.nothingD.anything

3.A.skillsB.behaviorsC.thoughtsD.habits

4.A.meetingB.partyC.concertD.competition

5.A.quicklyB.softlyC.badlyD.slowly

6.A.waiterB.doctorC.teacherD.policeman

7.A.usefulB.basicC.properD.busy

8.A.foundoutB.broughtbackC.wakenupD.takenaway

9.A.changeB.remainC.leaveD.arrive

10.A.energyB.dutyC.wealthD.spirit

11.A.withB.forC.asD.to

12.A.wantedB.startedC.promisedD.lived

13.A.ranB.jumpedC.stoodD.stepped

14.A.smallB.largeC.uglyD.round

15.A.managedB.helpedC.failedD.continued

二、阅读理解（本题有15小题，每小题2分，共计30分）

阅读下面会材料，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

（A）

Aslongaseveryonecontributesalittle,theworld吐llbecomeamuchbetterplace.

Mostpeoplearekind-heartedandwanttolendahelpinghand.Nowlet'ssharesomememorablemoments.

Linda:

Once,whenIwasonmywaybacktomyhometown,Ilostmypursewithoutevenknowingit.Iwastoldoverthetrain’sloudspeakerthatmypursewasattherailwaystation'slostandfoundoffice.Butthetrainhadalreadystarted.Seeingmyhelplessness,akindhostessofferedtolendmesomemoney.Iwentbacktotherailwaystationandgotmypurse.Iamstillthankfultotherailwaystaffandthepersonwhofoundmypurse.

Scott:

WhenIwasalittleboy,therewasatimewhenIwenttofishwithmyeldersister.Allofasudden,Islippedintotheriver.ThenextthingIrememberismyfatherholdingmeinthehospital.TodayIstilldon’tknowwhogotmeoutofthatriver.IhavebeentryingtohelpotherpeoplewheneverIcanalltheseyears.

Tina:

Oneofmyneighborsisanoldmanwhocannotspeak.Hemakesmoneybyrecycling

waste.Ourotherneighborsdon'tlikehisbehavior.Butinmyopinion,it'shiswaytosupporthisfamily.Once,aftercleaningmyhouse,Iplacedsomecardboardboxesinhisgardenandleftmyrubbishbesidemydoor.However,whenIwasabouttogoout,Ifoundnothingoutsidemydoorbutanote:

"Ihavethrownawayyourrubbish.Youareanicegirl.Thanksalot!

"

16.Accordingtothepassageabove,weknowthat

A.thehostessfoundLinda'spurse

B.Lindaknewwhereshelostherpurse

C.Scottstilldoesn'tknowwhogothimoutoftheriver

D.somecardboardboxeswerestolenbyTina'sneighbor

17.Thewriteristryingtotellusthevalueof

A.health

B.kindness

C.money

D.safety

18.Thepassageaboveisprobablya.

A.report

B.diary

C.novel

D.letter

（B）

IgraduatedfromcollegerecentlyandmovedtoWashingtonbymyself.WhileIwasincollege,itwasreallyeasytomeetnewpeople.But"outintherealworld",Iwasfindingitreallyhard.Iliveinabigcity,anditseemslikeeveryonearoundmeisbusyoralreadyhasallthefriendstheywant.Iwasfeelingsodiscouraged（沮丧的）andIdidn'tknowwhattodo,soIcalledmysisterforsomeadvice.

MysisterisfiveyearsolderthanIam,soshe'sbeenthroughallthisalready.She'sbeenhelpingmewithmyproblemsallmylife.WhenIexplainedmyproblem,sheunderstoodcompletely.Shesaid,"Whydon'tyoutrymeetingpeopleonline?

"

"Online?

Areyoukidding?

"Iasked."Afriendofminechattedwithaguyonline,andwhenshefinallymethimfacetoface,hewasnothinglikewhathesaid."

Mysisterlaughed."Youdon'thavetolookfordatesonline,"shesaid."Butyoucanfindotherpeoplelikeyou—peoplewhohavejustmovedtotownandwanttomakesomenewfriends.WhenIfirstmovedtoNewYorkaftercollege,Ifoundabookclubandafootballteamonline.Imetalotofpeoplethatway."

"Butyoudon'tevenlikefootball!

"Isaid.

"Iknow,"shereplied."Butthatdidn'tmatter.Istillbadalotoffun.Youplayedvolleyballincollege.Whydon'tyoulookforavolleyballteamtojoin?

Oranartclass?

"

"Yeah!

Isawawebsiteaboutvolunteeringtheotherday."Isaid."IcouldvolunteerforanorganizationhereinWashington.IbetIcouldmeetalotofreallynicepeoplethatway."

"Goodidea!

"mysisteransweredexcitedly."Hey,youmightevenmeettheperfectguy."

"OK,nowyou'restartingtosoundlikeMom,"Isaid."Thanksalotfortheadvice.I'mgoingonlinerightnow.I'llletyouknowwhathappens.Willyoubehometonight?

"

"No,butI'llbeherealldaytomorrow,sogivemeacall,"mysisterreplied."Goodluck!

"

19.Whatwasthewriter'sproblem?

A.Shewascheatedbyherfriendonline.

B.Shewasrefusedbyavolleyballteam.

C.Shecouldn'tmeetpeopleinhernewcity.

D.Shefeltdiscouragedinhercollege.

20.Thewriter'ssister

A.livesinthesamecityasthewriter

B.doesn'thaveanyadviceforthewriter

C.hadthesameproblemwhenshefinishedcollege

D.Shedidn'tgotocollege,butunderstandsthewriter'sproblem

21.Thewriterisprobablygoingto

A.becomeamemberofafootballteam

B.lookfordatesonline

C.joinabookclublikehersisterdid

D.volunteerforanorganization

22.What'sthebesttitleforthispassage?

A.LookingforFunOnline

B.VolunteeringinaNewCity

C.ChattingwithFriendsOnline

D.MakingFriendsinaNewCity

（C）

Artificialintelligence（AI）（人工智能）istheabilityofacomputerprogramoramachinetothinkandlearn.Itisalsoafieldofstudythattriestomakecomputers"smart".JohnMcCarthy,ascientist,cameupwiththename"artificialintelligence"in1955.Manythingssuchaslearningandproblemsolvingcanbedonebycomputers,thoughnotinthesamewayaswedo.

AnunusualgoalofAIresearchistocreatecomputerprogramsthatcanlearn,solveproblems,andthinklogically（逻辑地）.AtpresentweusethetermAlforsuccessfullyunderstandinghumanspeech,recognizing（识别）humanfaces,operatingself-drivingcarsandcompetinginsomegamesystemslikeChessandAlphGo（阿尔法狗）.SomepeoplealsoconsiderAIadangertohumansifitdevelopstooquickly.ProfessorStephenHawking（霍金）,awell-knownBritishscientist,wasnotforthiskindoftechnology.

MathisthebasiclanguageofAI.Ifweraisethestandardinthelearningofmath,ourstudentswillbemorelikelytobecomesuccessfulAIdesignersinthefuture.Wenotonlywantbrightstudents,butalsoneedtoattractaveragestudentsandgivethemthemathskillswhichareneededtochangethemintoAIdesigners.Besides,agoodknowledgeofcomputerscienceisalsonecessaryforAIdesigning.

ScientistshopetocreatecreativeandemotionalAIwhichcanpossiblyunderstandhumanfeelingsorcreateart.Manywaysandtoolshavebeentriedtodiscoverthisfascinatingfield.

23.FromParagraph1,weknowthat

A.allproblemscanbesolvedbyAI

B.machineswithAIcanthinkandlearn

C.AIhasbeenaroundforonly60years.

D.AIworksinthesamewayashumans

24.Theunderlinedword"it"inParagraph2refersto（指的是）

A.Chess

B.AlphaGo

C.thedanger

D.AI

25.Accordingtothewriterandthefollowingschoolreport,whichstudentwillmostprobablybecomeasuccessfulAIdesigner?

SchoolReport

Subject/Name

Math（100）

Art（100）

Computer（100）

Mike

60

95

95

Peter

95

65

90

Amy

65

90

95

Cathy

95

95

60

A.Mike.

B.Peter.

C.Amy.

D.Cathy.

26.Paragraph4mainlytellsusthescientists’aboutAI.

A.wishes

B.worries

C.feelings

D.discoveries

（D）

Inourculture,theabilitytomakeone'sowndecisionsisimportant.JohnF.Kennedy'squote（引语）"Toooftenweenjoythecomfortofopinionwithoutthediscomfortofthought."showsanunpleasanttruth.

Muchofwhatweknowandbelievehasbeentaughttousbyothers,andweoftenacceptthisinformationwithoutspendingmuchtimethinkingitoverforourselves.

Intoday'sworld,wearebeingpresentedwithinformation,ideasandbeliefs,butmanyofthemareagainsteachother.Psychology（心理学）tellsusthatifwehearanideaenoughtimes,or心tcomesfromsomeonewerespect（尊敬）,wewillprobablybelievethatidea.Inthesecases,webaseouropinionsontheopinionsofothers.Ifeachofusdoesnotthinkaboutthisinformationforourselvesa