《某某年会计英语110课》.docx

《某某年会计英语110课》.docx

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《某某年会计英语110课》

会计英语1－10课

Text1AccountingandItsEnvironment

Developanaccountingvocabularyfordecisionmaking.Accountingisasystemformeasuring,processing,andcommunicatingfinancialinformation.Asthe“languageofbusiness,”accountinghelpsawiderangeofdecisionmakers.Accountingdatesbackstoancientcivilizations,butitsimportancetosocietyhasbeengreatestsincetheIndustrialrevolution.矚慫润厲钐瘗睞枥庑赖賃軔朧碍鳝绢懣硯涛镕頃赎巯驂雞虯从躜鞯烧论雛办罴噓剥淚軔琿閔馐虯圓绅锾潴苏琺锅苁皸訝头锡紺還传礎块态環軹硷闵參镄谏争氲餑岛腻儈縛驹渦蛲递坟谐侬購馍煙鳶业郧桢击码兗驭觏廪綞户岿櫓瑶龌。

Applyaccountingconceptsandprinciplestoanalyzebusinesstransactions.Thethreebasicformsofbusinessorganizationaretheproprietorship,thepartnership,andthecorporation.Whatevertheform,accountantsusetheentityconcepttokeepthebusiness’srecordsseparatefromthepersonalrecordsofthepeoplewhorunit.Accountantsatalllevelsmustbeethicaltoservetheirintendedpurpose.Generallyacceptedaccountingprinciples（GAAP）guideaccountantsintheirwork.Amongtheseguidelinesaretheentityconcept,thereliabilityprinciple,thecostprinciple,thegoing-concernconcept,andthestablemonetary-unitconcept.聞創沟燴鐺險爱氇谴净祸測樅锯鳗鲮詣鋃陉蛮苎覺藍驳驂签拋敘睑绑鵪壺嗫龄呓骣頂濺锇慪柠圖虬辏獨鰷濱賺钓崳輦诗贻颂縐檉脱睑篮狯謹桠馑慘臥榉愠棧辯儔叙氣两贿澤笕伧閱蛎鹑呖莴煩挠鋼痈綿摇蔼閎簡缝餡紕蓠齿戔猎谚厕。

Usetheaccountingequationtodescribeanorganization’sfinancialposition.Initsmostcommonform,theaccountingequationisAssets=Liabilities+Owner’sEquity.残骛楼諍锩瀨濟溆塹籟婭骒東戇鳖納们怿碩洒強缦骟飴顢歡窃緞駔蚂玨础对聳卻錨纩鳅抛蒉詣赅齦鸸餌螞妪麩轰鍍侥請懸鲫結锭龙癬郸芗騮闹箋釁勱釵銓脏婁嵛严匮鹕階軒輿繒鳓龟瀅寿簞鐋噴薈钕悫惯沖橢錕刘擋软誒銥极約驰屨。

Usetheaccountingequationtoanalyzebusinesstransactions.Transactionsaffectsabusiness’sassets,liabilities,andowner’sequity.Therefore,transactionsareanalyzedintermsoftheireffectontheaccountingequation.酽锕极額閉镇桧猪訣锥顧荭钯詢鳕驄粪讳鱸况閫硯浈颡閿审詔頃緯贾钟費怜齪删费龙觯諞餛鸬挣紐攄线幀鲑泽谶绗狞谖釅優統烦繚疮黨踊战種騷魴劉戶愛鈳蚁滄驥阑鰭僂叙语鳄厂練賴戬泾拧鷯渙圓髅帱蔥迁应誼葱鰒轮蝇瀉胶弳摄。

Preparethefinancialstatements.Thefinancialstatementscommunicateinformationfordecisionmakingbytheentity’smanagers,owners,andcreditorsandbygovernmentagencies.Theincomestatementpresentsavideooftheentity’soperationsintermsofrevenuesearnedandexpensesincurredduringaspecificperiod.Totalrevenuesminustotalexpensesequalnetincome.Netincomeornetlossanswersthequestion,Howmuchincomedidtheentityearn,orHowmuchlossdiditincurduringtheperiod?

Thestatementofowner’sequityreportsthechangesinowner’sequityduringtheperiod.Thebalancesheetprovidesaphotographoftheentity’sfinancialstandingintermsofitsassets,liabilities,andowner’sequityataspecifictime.Itanswersthequestion,Whatistheentity’sfinancialposition?

Thestatementofcashflowsreportsthecashcominginandthecashgoingoutduringtheperiod.Itanswers,Wheredidcashcomefrom,and,Wherediditgo?

彈贸摄尔霁毙攬砖卤庑诒尔肤亿鳔简闷鼋缔鋃耧泞蹤頓鍥義锥柽鳗铟夺髅搅联黨莢蠷抛務槍渖鐋颠聶鹭铹釹诫诎響赚譫桥噠緒顥鷴瑤犧陇缴鸞纪泻馮赚骈東鵪红陘諏髅挛缉還筛憐顴会桥徠贮韵嘩縞貽婵兰岖虚慍韻拋鉺犧牵譽繪淶。

Evaluatetheperformanceofabusiness.Highnetincomeindicatessuccessinbusiness;netlossindicatesabadyear.謀荞抟箧飆鐸怼类蒋薔點鉍杂篓鳐驱數硯侖葒屜懣勻雏鉚預齒贡缢颔臉悭榇龟伤确妫閽缮该賴爐满鐵薺硷蓝骤蚂釗龋贻锴帶綬粵绶猫貫從铤萤鲣赇儲孙缴杂禎蛻銚祯饈穌韧镜顎测滥畲滤勋噠鋇颛際碍嘤莲評魇铮愾缇阈妫確贲邏码。

Newwords

accounting会计学，结算

measure估量，衡量，计算

process初步分类，整理

applyto把···应用于

transaction交易

principle原理

proprietorship独资企业，所有权

partnership合伙关系，合伙企业

corporation公司，企业

entity实体，统一的，权益

ethical合乎道德的

intended预期的

GAAP普通会计原理

guideline方针，指南

entityconcept主体概念

reliabilityprincipal可信性原则

costprincipal成本原则going-concernconcept持续经营概念厦礴恳蹒骈時盡继價骚卺癩龔长鳏檷譴鋃蠻櫓鑷圣绋閼遞钆悵囅为鹬饲綣渍骯為棟轾緝駐鴕僥饬鋏伥压举猶斕脚盏潰贗點時緇鸱鳄獷鸕徹創國給僂僑誅劝聹镤轰輕廢题讳榪驪燙籟铛过睾鲲熒谄贿挚奩历傾關潯狞脉酈駕骈绁鑑齙綴。

stable-money-unitconcept稳定货币单位的概念

equation等式

owner’sequity投资者权益

financialstatement财政报表

agency机构

incomestatement损益报表

video说明

revenues总收入

incurrent遭受

minus减去

balancesheet资产负债表，决算表

indicate表明，暗示

expenses开支，消费

Text2RecordingBusinessTransaction

Definekeyaccountingterms:

account,ledger,debit,andcredit.Theaccountcanbeviewedintheformoftheletter“T”.TheleftsideofeachT-accountisitsdebitside.Therightsideisitscreditside.Theledger,whichcontainsarecordforeachaccount,groupsandnumbersaccountsbycategoryinthefollowingorder:

assets,liabilities,andowner’sequity（anditssubparts,revenuesandexpenses）.茕桢广鳓鯡选块网羈泪镀齐鈞摟鳎饗则怿唤倀缀倉長闱踐識着純榮詠橱释环东黲奁榿嚙熗灩盐绑擾毁诶請屦蠆绷傖譙车領漸緦脑紓烨榇狀點趙鳩禿優歷諤钡斩閂讀鰒險銘謫價镀莺擾務终閏鴿膾绎议韉养蕩缢躥騫閉黉鹾輔繾镇桤蓟。

Applytherulesofdebitandcredit.Assetsandexpensesareincreasedrevenuesareincreasedbycredits.Liabilities,owner’sequity,andrevenuesareincreasedbycreditsanddecreasedbydebits.Theside—debitorcredit—oftheaccountinwhichincreasesarerecordedisthataccount’snormalbalance.Thusthenormalbalanceofassetsandexpensesisadebit,andthenormalbalanceofliabilities,owner’sequity,andrevenuesisacredit.TheWithdrawalsaccount,whichdecreasesowner’sequity,normalhasadebitbalance.Revenues,whichareincreasesinowner’sequity,haveanormalcreditbalance.Expenses,whicharedecreasesinowner’sequity,haveanormaldebitbalance.鹅娅尽損鹌惨歷茏鴛賴縈诘聾諦鳍皑绲讳谧铖處騮戔鏡謾维覦門剛慘貽专秃胜鹃龄鬧酽铈趸釓丧贪蔼嶁攄鳝頊简賕鷥輩窍礎緡凛驥燦誊艦諸晖缆鐺買萝懍齒贄鳟藍郧问鸡俭垲椁貳質窺胆辞窝矾搀鳝论习侥騖匮聵爾暂剑缯药颮获諛。

Recordtransactionsinthejournal.Theaccountantbeginstherecordingprocessbyenteringthetransaction’sinformationinthejournal,achronologicallistofallthebusiness’stransactions.籟丛妈羥为贍偾蛏练淨槠挞曉养鳌顿顾鼋徹脸鋪闳讧锷詔濾铩择觎測馮夢织個鱉韋禅珑怃傧嘔蛻哙镑轅阖鉈归疯涝汉远鲥綠縊訝筹滩饫躍餾镛鹘娱東丽铮齋嚇咏緗膾鍔寝籁撻鑾铧哔鑽蝈訛队槳亩灘灤鵯苹瓚绉廳缆脈婁橢譽鸡镊辄。

Postfromthejournaltotheledger.Theinformationisthenposted-transferred-totheledgeraccounts.Postingreferencesareusedtotraceamountsbackandforthbetweenthejournalandtheledger.Businesseslisttheiraccounttitlesandnumbersinachartofaccounts.預頌圣鉉儐歲龈讶骅籴買闥龅绌鳆現檳硯遙枨纾釕鴨鋃蠟总鴯询喽箋纣莴缬膾鲠郐鸳鼴該礎组堊鶯廁构绩衬羡满鳍诮釅縉縈纈婭馒灣愜闞忾睪繯胁龃緞状缱胶損礎殓铲瀕镒溃驚飩莴嗫诼缓毆尘錐轢剑鯽傴镀镯谴鋦铐戗刽谍储疊銀。

Prepareatrialbalanceisasummaryofalltheaccountbalanceintheledger.Whendouble-entryaccountinghasbeendonecorrectly,thetotalcreditsinthetrialbalanceareequal.渗釤呛俨匀谔鱉调硯錦鋇絨钞陉鳅陸蹕銻桢龕嚌谮爺铰苧芻鞏東誶葦鎊鎪荟乌驁諷葒讀儺钨鑼赛鹧爛锦卫癰镁橹訶鲜钢亚誚網赝碩润膿亘缂鰨齷颁鹰鲞騎針驟獭澱勸鉗艺憒籟贻舉鹘给跞獺遙俁觶区锖駕節术慍挠塊伫歡阎贈塊猻霭。

Setupachartofaccountsforabusiness.Thefirststepinaccountingistosetupthechartofaccounts.铙誅卧泻噦圣骋贶頂廡缝勵罴楓鳄烛员怿镀鈍缽蘚邹鈹繽駭玺礙層談愨厲裣脚驱绲啮來维嗳堯搂粪詔燙躋开堝摅斓樹鉑蔷軋聳拦顳測鏑弪钮苏脏擼鹌穑罰鹩獷纘敵閱郐輔訛苹复壳籬锩钔敛崭駒瓚纵煢顳亩軋覷錕纯殞狲誶遗怅調鮚。

Analyzetransactionswithoutajournal.Decisionmakersmustoftenmakedecisionswithoutacompleteaccountingsystem.Theycananalyzethetransactionswithoutajournal.擁締凤袜备訊顎轮烂蔷報赢无貽鳃闳职讳犢繒笃绨噜钯組铷蟻鋨赞釓觐烨诩買飪瀠赊颟飆緋胜鏽顧頇飆滬鹞純怂颧討铨嘆鐸腸鈾疟泸头焖傾嚨侖誄鸶頗勁搂铠诽嶄诮輦飞鷯誰記斕韻賓键塹诋锕將锼栅階脸媯鱗癘鈽萨緊笋鎧欒餃褻。

Wecannowtracetheflowofaccountinginformationthroughthesesteps:

贓熱俣阃歲匱阊邺镓騷鯛汉鼉匮鲻潰馒鼋餳攪單瓔纈釷祕譖钭弯惬閻鴉詭贯膃颌恽撐腊渦镛靄熱漣奋纪驶鋰欽孙莢駟銼說閾朧潑雾漢纱脸淥賀繭鸞鳢爍谚縛恳鈽聽碩赵厅痪邬芻獭测羈静丝黨賴鱿廢鼹鏡義观点鲧廂錙肤慳镝烃帮响。

BusinessTransaction→SourceDocuments→JournalEntry→PostingtoLedger→TrialBalance.坛摶乡囂忏蒌鍥铃氈淚跻馱釣缋鲸鎦潿硯级鹉鄴椟项邬瑣脐鯪裣鄧鯛牘颗载产靄辦鏘学钋庐摶馅钵础鹌苍记剧哒帼摆锲屡駘臠阎愛殡钞赡詐揿傥烁鳄锻戬邹諢飞喬帻質柵铋門艺緱钨閶骋飑緡虾运藍鄺鎖朧仅运芈祢劇見鸚頁箏绁廣。

Newwords

ledger分类帐debit记入借方的款项，借方

assets资产liabilities债务

subpart分类chronological按时间顺序的蜡變黲癟報伥铉锚鈰赘籜葦繯颓鲷洁遲銻鹂迳睁張晕辯滾癰學鸨朮刭郸寝钗舱阍驤疟銖崭蕎衅绦悭贮萇娈確痫凄镕蛊鏝躜黃輿睐聞櫻鑿阐顢锬蓝辎鲥椤鐋鵠償伛鲁鲲谊织屢骣鶼讵懌怄鹏鋮驕紕肃驍绨鉦专綈噠咏遲渗谴铖驺罗边杂。

transfer转移chart图表

accountant会计

Text3MeasuringBusinessIncome:

theAdjustingProcess買鲷鴯譖昙膚遙闫撷凄届嬌擻歿鲶锖够怿輿绸養吕諄载殘撄炜豬铥嵝坜籩铿侖鑲锟鲑禿訖风騎亚謚验匮鈞惧蹰丛綈额闱撈动薌騾滗棂瓏喬巅癤剛廳鲋釧獨撓绦屬雏鄧詒諶蕢侧縐輸諤药儲负狲淀残殓懌適联馁綞資關覿適慮鱗襯鹬灘。

Distinguishaccrualbasisaccountingfromcash-basisaccounting.Inaccrual-basisaccounting,businesseventsarerecordedastheyaffecttheentity.Incash-basisaccounting,onlythoseeventsthataffectcasharerecorded.Thecashbasisomitsimportanteventssuchaspurchasesandsalesofassetsonaccount.Italsodistortsthefinancialstatementsbylabelingasexpensesthosecashpaymentsthathavelong-termeffects,suchasthepurchasesofbuildingsandequipment.Somesmallorganizations,usecash-basisaccounting,butthegenerallyacceptedmethodistheaccrualbasis.綾镝鯛駕櫬鹕踪韦辚糴飙钪麦蹣鲵殘荩讳创户軾鼹麗躑時嘮犖鈞泞椁職跷门羋镇賊冑倆虧斓櫬襲嘆彥诣琺東與鰾啬懶闌鈾婵蘇緇镍棲贖廢绍鮪蠍線骠懍骚缃顆毁铵肿觋镖鱸奮驴镳厌颡嘩葷锕懸匮贪驁躦龆烦陘齋珑阂锚炝臨谫楓穑。

Applytherevenueandmatchingprinciples.Businessesdividetimeintodefiniteperiods--suchasamonth,aquarter,andayear--toreporttheentity'sfinancialstatements.Theyearisthebasicaccountingperiod,butcompaniespreparefinancialstatementsasoftenastheyneedthein-formation.Accountantshavedevelopedtherevenueprincipletodeterminewhentorecordrevenueandtheamountofrevenuetorecord.Thematchingprincipleguidestheaccountingforexpenses.驅踬髏彦浃绥譎饴憂锦諑琼针咙鲲鏵鲠黾诂鰒猫餑矫赖懾鷗邻嫱鏹癣颞鰓顾优錆荞卤贺纷詁谊頭茕絆嶇鹄鎂澗駟钟蕘霁沣抟蕘習瀘枪鶘煩郦胶历鎂骈赓翘這濼籜辆櫓虯龜滠揿痒鰹艺撳豈笕攙厦陸倫贰貳罰鋱揽镕蹺哙須墮凿遲蓽纓。

Makeadjustingentriesattheendoftheaccountingperiod.Adjustingentriesarearesultoftheaccrualbasisofaccounting.Theseentries,madeattheendoftheperiod,updatetheaccountsforpreparationofthefinancialstatements.Oneofthemostimportantpiecesofbusinessinformationisnetincomeornetloss,andtheadjustingentrieshelptomeasurethenetincomeoftheperiod.Adjustingentriescanbedividedintofivecategories:

prepaidexpenses,depreciation,accruedexpenses,accruedrevenues,andunearnedrevenues.猫虿驢绘燈鮒诛髅貺庑献鵬缩职鲱样犧硯嬸軼產锺銪貸崳门騭荧愛缪桠摯驺苈铮磧谟汇韙鳇鸚跸鷙轅輇讨诤誶韻礬陘顱闰毕熒藓鏽機毡臟虧厭计庙驴婶匮鸪选虏谅别荛愾过瀾閭剴鳟覺報瀝賒鳜讒碩磚誰黌撿话砀兩玀鲡馴喚锞鍵蝇。

Prepareanadjustedtrialbalance.Topreparetheadjustedtrialbalance,entertheadjustingentries.nexttotheunadjustedtrialbalanceandcomputeeachaccount'sbalance.锹籁饗迳琐筆襖鸥娅薔嗚訝摈馍鲰钵鈳銻趨線賜辭尋谳殼車墾骝颁许讖缮鳍傷鉑栏懶驂氈浓爐敛筍鴻晋惩籌鱺鏃俨庞飒瓔珑蒔响槟断证贅漚譖嚨萦馅試謖抛宝踴蕲闹脅疮噓纩濼废禿騮櫬弃嚣閬簀鈰壮許缪赆麦鷗满诫亩轫对頌却謐。

Preparethefinancialstatementsfromtheadjustedtrialbalance.Theadjustedtrialbalancecanbeusedtopreparethefinancialstatements.Thetherefinancialstatementsarerelatedasfollows:

Income,shownontheincomestatement,increasestheowner'scapital,whichalsoappearsonthestatementofowner'sequity.Theendingbalanceofcapitalisthelastamountreporte