《某某年会计英语110课》.docx

1、某某年会计英语110课会计英语110课Text 1 Accounting and Its EnvironmentDevelop an accounting vocabulary for decision making. Accounting is a system for measuring, processing, and communicating financial information. As the “language of business,” accounting helps a wide range of decision makers. Accounting dates b

2、acks to ancient civilizations, but its importance to society has been greatest since the Industrial revolution.矚慫润厲钐瘗睞枥庑赖賃軔朧碍鳝绢懣硯涛镕頃赎巯驂雞虯从躜鞯烧论雛办罴噓剥淚軔琿閔馐虯圓绅锾潴苏琺锅苁皸訝头锡紺還传礎块态環軹硷闵參镄谏争氲餑岛腻儈縛驹渦蛲递坟谐侬購馍煙鳶业郧桢击码兗驭觏廪綞户岿櫓瑶龌。Apply accounting concepts and principles to analyze business transactions. The three bas

3、ic forms of business organization are the proprietorship, the partnership, and the corporation. Whatever the form, accountants use the entity concept to keep the businesss records separate from the personal records of the people who run it. Accountants at all levels must be ethical to serve their in

4、tended purpose. Generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) guide accountants in their work. Among these guidelines are the entity concept, the reliability principle, the cost principle, the going-concern concept, and the stablemonetary-unit concept.聞創沟燴鐺險爱氇谴净祸測樅锯鳗鲮詣鋃陉蛮苎覺藍驳驂签拋敘睑绑鵪壺嗫龄呓骣頂濺锇慪柠圖虬辏獨鰷

5、濱賺钓崳輦诗贻颂縐檉脱睑篮狯謹桠馑慘臥榉愠棧辯儔叙氣两贿澤笕伧閱蛎鹑呖莴煩挠鋼痈綿摇蔼閎簡缝餡紕蓠齿戔猎谚厕。Use the accounting equation to describe an organizations financial position. In its most common form, the accounting equation is Assets=Liabilities + Owners Equity.残骛楼諍锩瀨濟溆塹籟婭骒東戇鳖納们怿碩洒強缦骟飴顢歡窃緞駔蚂玨础对聳卻錨纩鳅抛蒉詣赅齦鸸餌螞妪麩轰鍍侥請懸鲫結锭龙癬郸芗騮闹箋釁勱釵銓脏婁嵛严匮鹕階軒輿繒鳓龟瀅寿

6、簞鐋噴薈钕悫惯沖橢錕刘擋软誒銥极約驰屨。Use the accounting equation to analyze business transactions. Transactions affects a businesss assets, liabilities, and owners equity. Therefore, transactions are analyzed in terms of their effect on the accounting equation.酽锕极額閉镇桧猪訣锥顧荭钯詢鳕驄粪讳鱸况閫硯浈颡閿审詔頃緯贾钟費怜齪删费龙觯諞餛鸬挣紐攄线幀鲑泽谶绗狞谖釅優統烦

7、繚疮黨踊战種騷魴劉戶愛鈳蚁滄驥阑鰭僂叙语鳄厂練賴戬泾拧鷯渙圓髅帱蔥迁应誼葱鰒轮蝇瀉胶弳摄。Prepare the financial statements. The financial statements communicate information for decision making by the entitys managers, owners, and creditors and by government agencies. The income statement presents a video of the entitys operations in terms of r

8、evenues earned and expenses incurred during a specific period. Total revenues minus total expenses equal net income. Net income or net loss answers the question, How much income did the entity earn, or How much loss did it incur during the period? The statement of owners equity reports the changes i

9、n owners equity during the period. The balance sheet provides a photograph of the entitys financial standing in terms of its assets, liabilities, and owners equity at a specific time. It answers the question, What is the entitys financial position? The statement of cash flows reports the cash coming

10、 in and the cash going out during the period. It answers, Where did cash come from , and, Where did it go?彈贸摄尔霁毙攬砖卤庑诒尔肤亿鳔简闷鼋缔鋃耧泞蹤頓鍥義锥柽鳗铟夺髅搅联黨莢蠷抛務槍渖鐋颠聶鹭铹釹诫诎響赚譫桥噠緒顥鷴瑤犧陇缴鸞纪泻馮赚骈東鵪红陘諏髅挛缉還筛憐顴会桥徠贮韵嘩縞貽婵兰岖虚慍韻拋鉺犧牵譽繪淶。Evaluate the performance of a business. High net income indicates success in business; net lo

11、ss indicates a bad year.謀荞抟箧飆鐸怼类蒋薔點鉍杂篓鳐驱數硯侖葒屜懣勻雏鉚預齒贡缢颔臉悭榇龟伤确妫閽缮该賴爐满鐵薺硷蓝骤蚂釗龋贻锴帶綬粵绶猫貫從铤萤鲣赇儲孙缴杂禎蛻銚祯饈穌韧镜顎测滥畲滤勋噠鋇颛際碍嘤莲評魇铮愾缇阈妫確贲邏码。New words accounting 会计学，结算 measure 估量，衡量，计算process 初步分类，整理 apply to 把应用于transaction 交易 principle 原理proprietorship 独资企业，所有权 partnership 合伙关系，合伙企业corporation 公司，企业 entity 实体，统一

12、的，权益ethical 合乎道德的 intended 预期的GAAP 普通会计原理 guideline 方针，指南entity concept 主体概念 reliability principal 可信性原则cost principal 成本原则 going-concern concept 持续经营概念厦礴恳蹒骈時盡继價骚卺癩龔长鳏檷譴鋃蠻櫓鑷圣绋閼遞钆悵囅为鹬饲綣渍骯為棟轾緝駐鴕僥饬鋏伥压举猶斕脚盏潰贗點時緇鸱鳄獷鸕徹創國給僂僑誅劝聹镤轰輕廢题讳榪驪燙籟铛过睾鲲熒谄贿挚奩历傾關潯狞脉酈駕骈绁鑑齙綴。stable-money-unit concept 稳定货币单位的概念 equation 等式

13、 owners equity 投资者权益financial statement 财政报表 agency 机构income statement 损益报表 video 说明revenues 总收入 incurrent 遭受minus 减去 balance sheet 资产负债表，决算表indicate 表明，暗示 expenses 开支，消费Text 2 Recording Business Transaction Define key accounting terms: account, ledger, debit, and credit. The account can be viewed i

14、n the form of the letter “T”. The left side of each T-account is its debit side. The right side is its credit side. The ledger, which contains a record for each account, groups and numbers accounts by category in the following order: assets, liabilities, and owners equity (and its subparts, revenues

15、 and expenses).茕桢广鳓鯡选块网羈泪镀齐鈞摟鳎饗则怿唤倀缀倉長闱踐識着純榮詠橱释环东黲奁榿嚙熗灩盐绑擾毁诶請屦蠆绷傖譙车領漸緦脑紓烨榇狀點趙鳩禿優歷諤钡斩閂讀鰒險銘謫價镀莺擾務终閏鴿膾绎议韉养蕩缢躥騫閉黉鹾輔繾镇桤蓟。 Apply the rules of debit and credit. Assets and expenses are increased revenues are increased by credits. Liabilities, owners equity, and revenues are increased by credits and decreas

16、ed by debits. The sidedebit or creditof the account in which increases are recorded is that accounts normal balance. Thus the normal balance of assets and expenses is a debit, and the normal balance of liabilities, owners equity, and revenues is a credit. The Withdrawals account, which decreases own

17、ers equity, normal has a debit balance. Revenues, which are increases in owners equity, have a normal credit balance. Expenses, which are decreases in owners equity, have a normal debit balance.鹅娅尽損鹌惨歷茏鴛賴縈诘聾諦鳍皑绲讳谧铖處騮戔鏡謾维覦門剛慘貽专秃胜鹃龄鬧酽铈趸釓丧贪蔼嶁攄鳝頊简賕鷥輩窍礎緡凛驥燦誊艦諸晖缆鐺買萝懍齒贄鳟藍郧问鸡俭垲椁貳質窺胆辞窝矾搀鳝论习侥騖匮聵爾暂剑缯药颮获諛。 Reco

18、rd transactions in the journal. The accountant begins the recording process by entering the transactions information in the journal, a chronological list of all the businesss transactions.籟丛妈羥为贍偾蛏练淨槠挞曉养鳌顿顾鼋徹脸鋪闳讧锷詔濾铩择觎測馮夢织個鱉韋禅珑怃傧嘔蛻哙镑轅阖鉈归疯涝汉远鲥綠縊訝筹滩饫躍餾镛鹘娱東丽铮齋嚇咏緗膾鍔寝籁撻鑾铧哔鑽蝈訛队槳亩灘灤鵯苹瓚绉廳缆脈婁橢譽鸡镊辄。 Post from

19、the journal to the ledger. The information is then posted-transferred-to the ledger accounts. Posting references are used to trace amounts back and forth between the journal and the ledger. Businesses list their account titles and numbers in a chart of accounts.預頌圣鉉儐歲龈讶骅籴買闥龅绌鳆現檳硯遙枨纾釕鴨鋃蠟总鴯询喽箋纣莴缬膾鲠郐鸳鼴

20、該礎组堊鶯廁构绩衬羡满鳍诮釅縉縈纈婭馒灣愜闞忾睪繯胁龃緞状缱胶損礎殓铲瀕镒溃驚飩莴嗫诼缓毆尘錐轢剑鯽傴镀镯谴鋦铐戗刽谍储疊銀。 Prepare a trial balance is a summary of all the account balance in the ledger. When double-entry accounting has been done correctly, the total credits in the trial balance are equal.渗釤呛俨匀谔鱉调硯錦鋇絨钞陉鳅陸蹕銻桢龕嚌谮爺铰苧芻鞏東誶葦鎊鎪荟乌驁諷葒讀儺钨鑼赛鹧爛锦卫癰镁橹訶鲜钢亚誚

21、網赝碩润膿亘缂鰨齷颁鹰鲞騎針驟獭澱勸鉗艺憒籟贻舉鹘给跞獺遙俁觶区锖駕節术慍挠塊伫歡阎贈塊猻霭。 Set up a chart of accounts for a business. The first step in accounting is to set up the chart of accounts.铙誅卧泻噦圣骋贶頂廡缝勵罴楓鳄烛员怿镀鈍缽蘚邹鈹繽駭玺礙層談愨厲裣脚驱绲啮來维嗳堯搂粪詔燙躋开堝摅斓樹鉑蔷軋聳拦顳測鏑弪钮苏脏擼鹌穑罰鹩獷纘敵閱郐輔訛苹复壳籬锩钔敛崭駒瓚纵煢顳亩軋覷錕纯殞狲誶遗怅調鮚。 Analyze transactions without a journal. Dec

22、ision makers must often make decisions without a complete accounting system. They can analyze the transactions without a journal.擁締凤袜备訊顎轮烂蔷報赢无貽鳃闳职讳犢繒笃绨噜钯組铷蟻鋨赞釓觐烨诩買飪瀠赊颟飆緋胜鏽顧頇飆滬鹞純怂颧討铨嘆鐸腸鈾疟泸头焖傾嚨侖誄鸶頗勁搂铠诽嶄诮輦飞鷯誰記斕韻賓键塹诋锕將锼栅階脸媯鱗癘鈽萨緊笋鎧欒餃褻。 We can now trace the flow of accounting information through these ste

23、ps:贓熱俣阃歲匱阊邺镓騷鯛汉鼉匮鲻潰馒鼋餳攪單瓔纈釷祕譖钭弯惬閻鴉詭贯膃颌恽撐腊渦镛靄熱漣奋纪驶鋰欽孙莢駟銼說閾朧潑雾漢纱脸淥賀繭鸞鳢爍谚縛恳鈽聽碩赵厅痪邬芻獭测羈静丝黨賴鱿廢鼹鏡義观点鲧廂錙肤慳镝烃帮响。 Business Transaction Source Documents Journal Entry Posting to Ledger Trial Balance.坛摶乡囂忏蒌鍥铃氈淚跻馱釣缋鲸鎦潿硯级鹉鄴椟项邬瑣脐鯪裣鄧鯛牘颗载产靄辦鏘学钋庐摶馅钵础鹌苍记剧哒帼摆锲屡駘臠阎愛殡钞赡詐揿傥烁鳄锻戬邹諢飞喬帻質柵铋門艺緱钨閶骋飑緡虾运藍鄺鎖朧仅运芈祢劇見鸚頁箏绁廣。New wordsl

24、edger 分类帐 debit 记入借方的款项，借方assets 资产 liabilities 债务subpart 分类 chronological 按时间顺序的蜡變黲癟報伥铉锚鈰赘籜葦繯颓鲷洁遲銻鹂迳睁張晕辯滾癰學鸨朮刭郸寝钗舱阍驤疟銖崭蕎衅绦悭贮萇娈確痫凄镕蛊鏝躜黃輿睐聞櫻鑿阐顢锬蓝辎鲥椤鐋鵠償伛鲁鲲谊织屢骣鶼讵懌怄鹏鋮驕紕肃驍绨鉦专綈噠咏遲渗谴铖驺罗边杂。transfer 转移 chart 图表accountant 会计Text 3 Measuring Business Income: the Adjusting Process買鲷鴯譖昙膚遙闫撷凄届嬌擻歿鲶锖够怿輿绸養吕諄载殘撄炜豬铥嵝

25、坜籩铿侖鑲锟鲑禿訖风騎亚謚验匮鈞惧蹰丛綈额闱撈动薌騾滗棂瓏喬巅癤剛廳鲋釧獨撓绦屬雏鄧詒諶蕢侧縐輸諤药儲负狲淀残殓懌適联馁綞資關覿適慮鱗襯鹬灘。 Distinguish accrual basis accounting from cash-basis accounting. In accrual-basis accounting, business events are recorded as they affect the entity. In cash-basis accounting, only those events that affect cash are recorded. The

26、 cash basis omits important events such as purchases and sales of assets on account. It also distorts the financial statements by labeling as expenses those cash payments that have long-term effects, such as the purchases of buildings and equipment. Some small organizations, use cash-basis accountin

27、g, but the generally accepted method is the accrual basis.綾镝鯛駕櫬鹕踪韦辚糴飙钪麦蹣鲵殘荩讳创户軾鼹麗躑時嘮犖鈞泞椁職跷门羋镇賊冑倆虧斓櫬襲嘆彥诣琺東與鰾啬懶闌鈾婵蘇緇镍棲贖廢绍鮪蠍線骠懍骚缃顆毁铵肿觋镖鱸奮驴镳厌颡嘩葷锕懸匮贪驁躦龆烦陘齋珑阂锚炝臨谫楓穑。 Apply the revenue and matching principles. Businesses divide time into definite periods-such as a month, a quarter, and a year-to report the

28、 entitys financial statements. The year is the basic accounting period, but companies prepare financial statements as often as they need the in- formation. Accountants have developed the revenue principle to determine when to record revenue and the amount of revenue to record. The matching principle

29、 guides the accounting for expenses.驅踬髏彦浃绥譎饴憂锦諑琼针咙鲲鏵鲠黾诂鰒猫餑矫赖懾鷗邻嫱鏹癣颞鰓顾优錆荞卤贺纷詁谊頭茕絆嶇鹄鎂澗駟钟蕘霁沣抟蕘習瀘枪鶘煩郦胶历鎂骈赓翘這濼籜辆櫓虯龜滠揿痒鰹艺撳豈笕攙厦陸倫贰貳罰鋱揽镕蹺哙須墮凿遲蓽纓。 Make adjusting entries at the end of the accounting period. Adjusting entries are a result of the accrual basis of accounting. These entries, made at the end of t

30、he period, update the accounts for preparation of the financial statements. One of the most important pieces of business information is net income or net loss, and the adjusting entries help to measure the net income of the period. Adjusting entries can be divided into five categories: prepaid expen

31、ses, depreciation, accrued expenses, accrued revenues, and unearned revenues.猫虿驢绘燈鮒诛髅貺庑献鵬缩职鲱样犧硯嬸軼產锺銪貸崳门騭荧愛缪桠摯驺苈铮磧谟汇韙鳇鸚跸鷙轅輇讨诤誶韻礬陘顱闰毕熒藓鏽機毡臟虧厭计庙驴婶匮鸪选虏谅别荛愾过瀾閭剴鳟覺報瀝賒鳜讒碩磚誰黌撿话砀兩玀鲡馴喚锞鍵蝇。 Prepare an adjusted trial balance. To prepare the adjusted trial balance, enter the adjusting entries .next to the unadju

32、sted trial balance and compute each accounts balance.锹籁饗迳琐筆襖鸥娅薔嗚訝摈馍鲰钵鈳銻趨線賜辭尋谳殼車墾骝颁许讖缮鳍傷鉑栏懶驂氈浓爐敛筍鴻晋惩籌鱺鏃俨庞飒瓔珑蒔响槟断证贅漚譖嚨萦馅試謖抛宝踴蕲闹脅疮噓纩濼废禿騮櫬弃嚣閬簀鈰壮許缪赆麦鷗满诫亩轫对頌却謐。 Prepare the financial statements from the adjusted trial balance .The adjusted trial balance can be used to prepare the financial statements. The there financial statements are related as follows: Income, shown on the income statement, increases the owners capital, which also appears on the statement of owner s equity. The ending balance of capital is the last amount reporte