材料英语词汇.docx
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材料英语词汇
专业词汇列表
晶体结构(structureofcrystal)原子质量单位Atomicmassunit(amu)
原子量Atomicweight键能Bondingenergy
共价键Covalentbond电子构型electronicconfiguration
正电的Electropositive氢键Hydrogenbond
同位素Isotope摩尔Mole
泡利不相容原理Pauliexclusionprinciple原子atom
分子量moleculeweight量子数quantumnumber
范德华键vanderwaalsbond点群pointgroup各向异性anisotropy
体心立方结构body-centeredcubic(BCC)布拉格定律bragg’slaw晶体结构crystalstructure
晶体的crystalline中子衍射neutrondiffraction晶界grainboundary
鲍林规则Pauling’srulesCsCl型结构CaesiumChloridestructure
纤锌矿型结构Wurtzitestructure萤石型结构Fluoritestructure
尖晶石型结构Spinel-typestructure岛状结构Islandstructure层状结构Layerstructure
滑石talc高岭石kaolinite长石feldspar各向同性的isotropic晶格lattice
密勒指数millerindices多晶的polycrystalline原子数Atomicnumber
波尔原子模型Bohratomicmodel库仑力Coulombicforce分子的构型molecularconfiguration负电的Electronegative基态Groundstate离子键Ionicbond金属键Metallicbond
分子Molecule元素周期表Periodictable极性分子Polarmolecule
价电子valenceelectron电子轨道electronorbitals对称要素symmetryelements
原子堆积因数atomicpackingfactor(APF)面心立方结构face-centeredcubic(FCC)
配位数coordinationnumber晶系crystalsystem衍射diffraction
电子衍射electrondiffraction六方密堆积hexagonalclose-packed(HCP)
NaCl型结构NaCl-typestructure闪锌矿型结构Blende-typestructure
金红石型结构Rutilestructure钙钛矿型结构Perovskite-typestructure
硅酸盐结构Structureofsilicates链状结构Chainstructure
架状结构Frameworkstructure叶蜡石pyrophyllite
石英quartz美橄榄石forsterite各向异性的anisotropy
晶格参数latticeparameters非结晶的noncrystalline多晶形polymorphism
单晶singlecrystal电位electronstates电子electrons金属键metallicbonding
极性分子polarmolecules衍射角diffractionangle粒度,晶粒大小grainsize
显微照相photomicrograph透射电子显微镜transmissionelectronmicroscope(TEM)
四方的tetragonal配位数coordinationnumber晶胞unitcell(化合)价valence
共价键covalentbonding离子键Ionicbonding原子面密度atomicplanardensity
合金alloy显微结构microstructure扫描电子显微镜scanningelectronmicroscope(SEM)
重量百分数weightpercent单斜的monoclinic晶体结构缺陷(defectofcrystalstructure)
缺陷defect,imperfection线缺陷linedefect,dislocation体缺陷volumedefect
位错线dislocationline螺位错screwdislocation晶界grainboundaries
小角度晶界tiltboundary,位错阵列dislocationarray位错轴dislocationaxis
位错爬移dislocationclimb位错滑移dislocationslip位错裂纹dislocationcrack
位错密度dislocationdensity间隙原子interstitialatom间隙位置interstitialsites
弗伦克尔缺陷Frenkeldisorder主晶相thehostlattice缔合中心AssociatedCenters.
电子空穴ElectronHoles克罗各-明克符号KrogerVinknotation
固溶体solidsolution化合物compound
置换固溶体substitutionalsolidsolution不混溶固溶体immisciblesolidsolution
有序固溶体orderedsolidsolution固溶强化solidsolutionstrengthening
点缺陷pointdefect面缺陷interfacedefect位错排列dislocationarrangement
刃位错edgedislocation混合位错mixeddislocation大角度晶界high-anglegrainboundaries
孪晶界twinboundaries位错气团dislocationatmosphere位错胞dislocationcell
位错聚结dislocationcoalescence位错核心能量dislocationcoreenergy
位错阻尼dislocationdamping原子错位substitutionofawrongatom
晶格空位vacantlatticesites杂质impurities肖脱基缺陷Schottkydisorder
错位原子misplacedatoms自由电子FreeElectrons
伯格斯矢量Burgers中性原子neutralatom
固溶度solidsolubility间隙固溶体interstitialsolidsolution
金属间化合物intermetallics转熔型固溶体peritecticsolidsolution
无序固溶体disorderedsolidsolution取代型固溶体Substitutionalsolidsolutions
过饱和固溶体supersaturatedsolidsolution非化学计量化合物Nonstoichiometriccompound
表面结构与性质(structureandpropertyofsurface)表面surface
同相界面homophaseboundary
晶界grainboundary
小角度晶界lowanglegrainboundary
共格孪晶界coherenttwinboundary
错配度mismatch
重构reconstuction
表面能surfaceenergy
扭转晶界twistgrainboundary
共格界面coherentboundary
非共格界面noncoherentboundary
应变能strainenergy
惯习面habitplane
界面interface
异相界面heterophaseboundary
表面能surfaceenergy
大角度晶界highanglegrainboundary
晶界迁移grainboundarymigration
驰豫relaxation
表面吸附surfaceadsorption
倾转晶界titltgrainboundary
倒易密度reciprocaldensity
半共格界面semi-coherentboundary
界面能interfacialfreeenergy
晶体学取向关系crystallographicorientation
非晶态结构与性质(structureandpropertyofuncrystalline)
熔体结构structureofmelt
玻璃态vitreousstate
粘度viscosity
介稳态过渡相metastablephase
淬火quenching
玻璃分相phaseseparationinglasses
过冷液体supercoolingmelt
软化温度softeningtemperature
表面张力Surfacetension
组织constitution
退火的softened
体积收缩volumeshrinkage
扩散(diffusion)
活化能activationenergy
浓度梯度concentrationgradient
菲克第二定律Fick’ssecondlaw
稳态扩散steadystatediffusion
扩散系数diffusioncoefficient
填隙机制interstitalcymechanism
短路扩散short-circuitdiffusion
下坡扩散Downhilldiffusion
扩散通量diffusionflux
菲克第一定律Fick’sfirstlaw
相关因子correlationfactor
非稳态扩散nonsteady-statediffusion
跳动几率jumpfrequency
晶界扩散grainboundarydiffusion
上坡扩散uphilldiffusion
互扩散系数Mutualdiffusion
渗碳剂carburizing
浓度分布曲线concentrationprofile
驱动力drivingforce
自扩散self-diffusion
空位扩散vacancydiffusion
扩散方程diffusionequation
扩散特性diffusionproperty
达肯方程Darkequation
本征热缺陷Intrinsicthermaldefect
离子电导率Ion-conductivity
浓度梯度concentrationgradient
扩散流量diffusionflux
间隙扩散interstitialdiffusion
表面扩散surfacediffusion
扩散偶diffusioncouple
扩散机理diffusionmechanism
无规行走Randomwalk
柯肯达尔效应Kirkendallequation
本征扩散系数Intrinsicdiffusioncoefficient
空位机制Vacancyconcentration
腐蚀与氧化(corrodingandoxidation)
氧化反应Oxidationreaction
还原反应Reductionreaction
价电子Valenceelectron
腐蚀介质Corrodingsolution
电动势Electricpotential
推动力Thedrivingforce
腐蚀系统Corrodingsystem
腐蚀速度Corrosionpenetrationrate
电流密度Currentdensity
电化学反应Electrochemicalreaction
极化作用Polarization
过电位Theovervoltage
浓差极化Concentrationpolarization
电化学极化Activationpolarization
极化曲线Polarizationcurve
缓蚀剂Inhibitor
原电池galvaniccell
电偶腐蚀galvaniccorrosion
电位序galvanicseries
应力腐蚀Stresscorrosion
冲蚀Erosion-corrosion
腐蚀短裂Corrosioncracking
防腐剂Corrosionremover
腐蚀电极Corrosiontarget
隙间腐蚀Crevicecorrosion
均匀腐蚀Uniformattack
晶间腐蚀Intergranularcorrosion
焊缝破坏Welddecay
选择性析出Selectiveleaching
氢脆损坏Hydrogenembitterment
阴极保护Catholicprotection
穿晶断裂Intergranularfracture
固相反应和烧结(solidstatereactionandsintering)
固相反应solidstatereaction
烧成fire
再结晶Recrystallization
成核nucleation
子晶,雏晶mattedcrystal
异质核化heterogeneousnucleation
铁碳合金iron-carbonalloy
铁素体ferrite
共晶反应eutecticreaction
烧结sintering
合金alloy
二次再结晶Secondaryrecrystallization
结晶crystallization
耔晶取向seedorientation
均匀化热处理homogenizationheattreatment
渗碳体cementite
奥氏体austenite
固溶处理solutionheattreatment
相变(phasetransformation)
过冷supercooling
晶核nucleus
形核功nucleationenergy
均匀形核homogeneousnucleation
形核率nucleationrate
热力学函数thermodynamicsfunction
临界晶核criticalnucleus
枝晶偏析dendriticsegregation
平衡分配系数equilibriumdistributioncoefficient
成分过冷constitutionalsupercooling
共晶组织eutecticstructure
伪共晶pseudoeutectic
表面等轴晶区chillzone
中心等轴晶区equiaxedcrystalzone
急冷技术splatcooling
单晶提拉法Czochralskimethod
位错形核dislocationnucleation
斯宾那多分解spinodaldecomposition
马氏体相变martensitephasetransformation
成核机理nucleationmechanism
过冷度degreeofsupercooling
形核nucleation
晶体长大crystalgrowth
非均匀形核heterogeneousnucleation
长大速率growthrate
临界晶核半径criticalnucleusradius
局部平衡localizedequilibrium
有效分配系数effectivedistributioncoefficient
引领(领先)相leadingphase
层状共晶体lamellareutectic
离异共晶divorsedeutectic
柱状晶区columnarzone
定向凝固unidirectionalsolidification
区域提纯zonerefining
晶界形核boundarynucleation
晶核长大nucleigrowth
有序无序转变disordered-ordertransition
马氏体martensite
成核势垒nucleationbarrier
相平衡与相图(PhaseequilibriumandPhasediagrams)
相图phasediagrams
组分component
相律Phaserule
浓度三角形Concentrationtriangle
成分composition
相平衡phaseequilibrium
热力学thermodynamics
吉布斯相律Gibbsphaserule
吉布斯自由能Gibbsfreeenergy
吉布斯熵Gibbsentropy
热力学函数thermodynamicsfunction
过冷supercooling
杠杆定律leverrule
相界线phaseboundaryline
共轭线conjugatelines
相界反应phaseboundaryreaction
相组成phasecomposition
金相相组织phaseconstentuent
相衬显微镜phasecontrastmicroscope
相分布phasedistribution
相平衡图phaseequilibriumdiagram
相分离phasesegregation
相phase
组元compoonent
投影图Projectiondrawing
冷却曲线Coolingcurve
自由度freedom
化学势chemicalpotential
相律phaserule
自由能freeenergy
吉布斯混合能Gibbsenergyofmixing
吉布斯函数Gibbsfunction
热分析thermalanalysis
过冷度degreeofsupercooling
相界phaseboundary
相界交联phaseboundarycrosslinking
相界有限交联phaseboundarycrosslinking
相变phasechange
共格相phase-coherent
相衬phasecontrast
相衬显微术phasecontrastmicroscopy
相平衡常数phaseequilibriumconstant
相变滞后phasetransitionlag
相序phaseorder
相稳定性phasestability
相稳定区phasestabilerange
相变压力phasetransitionpressure
同素异晶转变allotropictransformation
显微结构microstructures
不混溶性immiscibility
相态phasestate
相变温度phasetransitiontemperature
同质多晶转变polymorphictransformation
相平衡条件phaseequilibriumconditions