中考总复习之名词 讲解+练习.docx
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中考总复习之名词讲解+练习
中考语法专项-----名词
一.名词的分类
按照意义分为专有名词和普通名词
1.专有名词
定义:
表示具体的人,事物,地点或机构的专有名称。
1.表示国名、地名、山河名的专有名词
如:
China中国 Asia亚洲 Beijing北京PacificOcean太平洋Mt.Qomolangma珠穆朗玛峰
2.表示团体、机构和报刊的专有名词
例:
ChinaDaily中国日报
3.表示星期和月份的专有名词:
注意:
1.专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the。
如:
theGreatWall(长城)thePeople’sRepublicofChina 中华人民共和国
2.姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义)
如:
theGreens(格林一家人)。
2.普通名词
可数名词:
有单,复数之分,表示一个或多个。
例如:
abook一本书 twobooks两本书
不可数名词:
不分单,复数。
中学常见的不可数名词:
food,meat,fish,chicken,pork,beef,mutton,drink,orange,milk,tea,water,rice,bread,homework,news,paper,ice,rain,snow,wind,cloud,air,weather,music,information,fun,work,advice,sand,sugar,furniture
有少数名词既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,但含义不同。
英语
可数
不可数
英语
可数
不可数
glass
experience
paper
room
orange
beauty
exercise
success
数词+量词+of+名词
如:
随堂练习
1.Ihavetwo_______andthreebottlesof_________here.
A.orange,orangeB.oranges,orangesC.oranges,orangeD.orange,oranges
2.Helpyourselfto__________.
A.chickensandapplesB.chickensandappleC.chickenandappleD.chickenandapples
3.“Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?
”“________,please.”
A.ThreecoffeesB.CoffeesC.AcoffeeD.Threecupsofcoffees
4.What___lovelyweatheritis!
A./B.theC.anD.a
5.-Wouldyoulike___tea?
-No,thanks.Ihavedrunktwo____.
A.any,bottlesoforangeB.any,bottleoforange
C.some,bottlesoforangesD.some,bottlesoforange
6.Heishungry.Givehim___toeat.
A.twobreadsB.twopieceofbreadC.twopiecesofbreadD.twopiecesofbreads
7.Iwouldliketohave___.
A.twoglassesofmilkB.twoglassofmilkIC.twoglassesofmilksD.twoglassofmilks
8.Canyougiveme____?
A.ateaB.somecupofteaC.acupteaD.acupoftea
9.Pleasegiveme___paper.
A.oneB.apieceC.aD.apieceof
10.Thistableismadeof___.
A.manyglassB.glassesC.someglassesD.glass
11.-Whatwouldyouliketohaveforlunch,sir?
-I'dlike____.!
A.chickenB.achickenC.chickensD.thechicken
12.Childrenshouldmake____foroldpeopleinabus.
A.roomB.aroomC.roomsD.theroom
10.Johnbought___forhimselfyesterday.
A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoeC.twopairofshoesD.twopairsshoes
二.名词的数
英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式,
单数表示一个人或事物
如:
apen,abed,aroom,anEnglishbook。
复数 表示一个以上的人或事物用复数形式。
(一)名词复数形式规则变化如下:
情况
构成方法
例词
一般情况
在词尾加-s
desk→map→day→
以结尾的词
在词尾加-es
bus→box→dish→watch→
以辅音字母加y结尾的词
city→factory→party→
baby→company→
以元音字母y结尾的词
day→boy→key→
以f或fe结尾的词
变f或fe为
knife→life→wife→
half→thief→shelf→
leaf→wife→wolf→
1)stomach的复数为
2)极少数名词以-f结尾,变成复数则只加-s,如:
roof→proof→belief→
3)名词以-0结尾的:
1.加–es,如:
2.其余加–s,如:
(二)名词复数形式不规则变化
1)改-a为-e:
man→woman→policeman→spaceman→
2)改-oo为-ee:
foot→tooth→goose→
3)国人的变化:
4)单复数同形:
Chinese→Japanese→sheep→deer→fish→
a.英语中有些名词总是以复数形式出现。
scissorstrousersclothesglassesshoessucksgloves
b.有些名词以-s结尾,但表达的为单数含义,如:
news,maths,politics,physics,theUnitedStates
c.一些名词以复数形式出现时,意义产生变化:
练习时间
1.Maths________noteasytolearn.
A.areB.isC.amD.were
2.Pleaseremembertogivethehorsesometree_____.(2010成都)
A.leafsB.leavesC.leafD.leave
3.Weneedsomemore____.Canyougoandgetsome,please?
A.potatoB.potatosC.potatoesD.potatoe
4._____are____forcuttingthings.
A.Knife/usedB.Knives/usedC.Knife/usingD.Knives/using
5.Whatbig____thetigerhas!
A.toothB.teethC.toothsD.toothes
6.Onthetabletherearefive____.
A.tomatosB.pieceoftomatoesC.tomatoesD.tomato
7.-Howmany____haveyougotonyourfarm?
-I'vegotfive.
A.sheepsB.sheepC.pigD.chicken
8.Some___cametoourschoolforavisitthatday.
A.GermansB.GermenC.GermanyD.Germanies
9.Inthepicturetherearemany____andtwo.
A.sheep;foxesC.sheeps;foxesB.sheeps;foxD.sheep;foxs
三.名词的所有格
名词的所有格:
名词中表示所有关系的形式叫做名词所有格。
一、有生命的名词的所有格
1)在名词后加s
LuXun'sbook myfather'sroom.
2)以-s结尾的复数名词的所有格只在名词后加"'"。
students'exercisebookstheteachers’office
3)不以-s结尾的复数名词,直接加’s,如:
theChildren’sPalace
4)用and连接的两个名词:
a.
b.
5)表示某人家、店铺、等生活、工作场所的所以格后的名词常省略:
atMr.Wang’satthedoctor’satthetailor’s
atthebarber’s
6)在表示时间、距离、重量等无生命的名词后面,加’s表示所有格:
today’snewspaper15minutes’walkapound’sweight
7)节日的表达法:
二、无生命的名词的所有格,用of+名词表示:
thedoorofourclassroomthecolourofourdesks
三、双重所有格,of+名词性物主代词/名词所有格,如:
afriendofhersafriendofMike’safriendmyfather’s
someinventionsofEdison’s
练习时间:
1.EveryeveningMr.Kingtakesa_________tohishome.
A.25minutes’walkB.25minute’swalkC.25minutewalkD.25minuteswalk
2.TodayisSeptember10th.It's__________Day.Let'sgoandbuysomeflowersforourteachers.
A.TeachersB.Teachers'C.theTeachers'D.Teacher's
3.Themarketisn'tfarfromhere.It'sonly_________bicycleride.
A.halfanhours'B.halfanhour'sC.halfanhourD.anhourandahalf
4.________motherscouldn’tgotothemeeting,becausetheyhavegonetoShanghai.
A.MaryandPeter’sB.MaryandPeterC.Mary’sandPeterD.Mary’sandPeter’s
5.LiLeihasbeento__________manytimesthismonth.
A.heruncleB.heruncle’sC.herunclesD.aunt’s
6.Aclassmateof_________washeretenminutesago.
A.youB.yourC.yoursisterD.yoursister’s
7.September10this____inChina.
A.Teacher'sDayB.Teachers'DayC.TeacherDayD.TeachersDay
8.Excuseme,whereisthe___?
A.men'sroomB.mens'roomC.men'sroomsD.menrooms
9.Thefootballunderthebedis____.
A.LilyandLucyB.Lily'sandLucy'sC.Lily'sandLucyD.LilyandLucy's
10.Joanis____.
A.Mary'sandJacksisterB.MaryandJack'ssister
C.MaryandJacksisterD.Mary'sandJack'ssister
11.Inafew____time,thosemountainswillbecoveredwithtrees.
A.yearB.years'C.year'sD.years
12.It'sabout___walkfrommyhouse.
A.tenminuteB.tenminutes'C.tenminute'sD.tenminutes
13.Thepostofficeisabitfarfromhere.It'sabout_____.
A.thirtyminutes'swalkB.thirtyminute'swalkC.thirtyminutes'walkD.thirtyminuteswalk
14.Half___telephonecallsaremadeinEnglish.
A.theworldB.worldC.theworld'sD.world's
15.____facetothesouth.
A.WindowsoftheroomB.Thewindowsoftheroom
C.Theroom'swindowsD.Thewindowsinroom
16.MissSmithisafriendof____.
A.Mary'smother'sB.Mary'smotherC.mother'sofMaryD.Marymothers
17.Thisisabookof___.
A.TomB.Tom'sC.herD.him
18.Thepostcardissentby____.
A.afriendofmyfatherB.afriendofmyfather'sC.myfatherfriendD.myfatherfriend's
II.完形填空。
James’fatherdroveJamesandhiscousinstoamountainforsummercamp.Aftertheyarrivedatthemountain,thekidssetuptheirtents(帐篷)1thehelpofJames’father.
Onthefirstday,theysawasmalltigerneartheirtents.It2walk,becauseithadhurtitsleg.As3lovers,thekidsdecidedtohelpthesmalltigerandkeepitwiththem.Twodayslater,thesmalltigergotbetter.Itbecamefriendlywiththekids,4withJames.
Onthemorningofthefifthday,theyheardtheroaringofa(n)5.Theygotupquickly.Thentheysawabigtigernearby.Everyonestayedintheirtentsand6thebigtiger.ThebigtigerstartedtoattackJamesfirst.Jamesfeltso7.Atthatmoment,thesmalltigercameoutofJames’tent.Whenthebigtigersawthesmalltiger,it8attackingJames.
Seeingthelovebetweenthebigtigerandthesmalltiger,thekidsthoughttheymightbefatherandson.Thesmalltiger9somethingtothebigtigerintheirownlanguage.Thenthebigtigercameandlicked(舔)James’face.Itseemedthatitwassaying10toJamesfortakingcareofitskid.ItwasreallyanunforgettablemomentforJames.
()1.A.forB.underC.fromD.with
()2.A.wasusedtoB.wasunabletoC.waswillingtoD.wassupposedto
()3.A.mountainB.animalC.campD.sports
()4.A.possiblyB.especiallyC.normallyD.specifically
()5.A.lionB.bearC.tigerD.elephant
()6.A.invitedB.chasedC.followedD.watched
()7.A.excitedB.relaxedC.scaredD.tired
()8.A.keptB.consideredC.stoppedD.enjoyed
()9.A.toldB.taughtC.solvedD.passed
()10.A.thanksB.sorryC.helloD.goodbye
阅读理解
[易读度★★★☆☆]
Ilookedatthewordsonthepage.Iknewhowtoreadthem,butmymouthwouldn’twork.Iwassittinginmythirdgradeclassroom.Myfamilyhadrecentlymoved,sonooneatmynewschoolknewmewell.Myteacherhadjustaskedmetoreadsometextoutloud.Thewholeclasswaswaitingformetobegin.
Ijustsatthere.Somestudentsstartedtolaugh.“What’swrongwithher?
”oneboysaid.“Maybeshecan’tread!
”saidanotherstudent.
Ioftenfacedsituationslikethisduringmyelementaryschoolandmiddleschoolyears.Why?
Ihadastutter(口吃).WhenIfeltrelaxed,Ihadnotroublespeaking.ButifIfeltnervous,nosoundwouldcomeoutofmymouth.Becauseofthisproblem,Ioftenfeltembarrassedatschool.Ijustdidn’tfeelnormal.
Thankfully,myelementaryschoolandmiddleschoolbothofferedfreespeechtreatment(治疗).Ithelpedmealot.Ilearnedusefulwaysthathelpedmetorelax