高考英语二轮复习专题四任务型阅读第三讲信息概括题习题.docx

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高考英语二轮复习专题四任务型阅读第三讲信息概括题习题.docx

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高考英语二轮复习专题四任务型阅读第三讲信息概括题习题.docx

高考英语二轮复习专题四任务型阅读第三讲信息概括题习题

第三讲│信息概括题

这类题目难度大、要求高、得分低,考生要在透彻理解文章的基础上,根据文中相关信息综合分析后提炼出新词。

此类题目主要分为两种类型:

(1)总结性词汇。

设题大多数情况下是概括文章的标题、段落大意、事件过程、文章的目的、意义以及得出的结论等。

解题关键

(2)归纳词。

有的题目在原文中可能找不到具体的信息句。

这就要求我们首先要确定信息区域,然后对该区域进行认真地分析归纳。

解题关键

[注意] 信息概括题有时必须结合表格本身才能正确解答。

[典例1] (2017·江苏高考)Statisticsshowthattheaveragenumberofbirthsperwomanhasfallenfrom4.9intheearly1960sto2.5nowadays.Furthermore,around50%oftheworld’spopulationliveinregionswherethefigureisnowbelowthereplacementlevel(i.e.2.1birthsperwoman)andalmostalldevelopednationsareexperiencingsub-replacementbirthrate.Youmightthinkthatdevelopingnationswouldmakeuptheloss(especiallysince80%oftheworld’speoplenowliveinsuchnations),butyou’dbewrong.Decliningbirthrateisamajorprobleminmanydevelopingregionstoo,whichmightcausecatastrophicglobalshortagesofworkforcewithinafewdecades.

Itwouldbedifficultfordevelopedcountriestomaintainthe(72)________ofpopulation.

分析 第一步:

根据题干大意可定位到文章第二段。

第二步:

根据第二段内容,特别是“almostalldevelopednationsareexperiencingsub-replacementbirthrate”和“Decliningbirthrateisamajorprobleminmanydevelopingregionstoo,whichmightcausecatastrophicglobalshortagesofworkforcewithinafewdecades.”可知,发达国家保持人口的现有规模也是困难重重。

size/scale表示“尺寸,大小,规模”,符合文意。

第三步:

确定答案为size/scale。

[典例2] (2017·江苏高考)InthenorthofIndia,thepopulationisboomingduetohighbirthrates,butinthesouth,wheremosteconomicdevelopmentistakingplace,birthrateisfallingrapidly.Inafurthertwist,birthrateishighestinpoorlyeducatedruralareasandlowestinhighlyeducatedurbanareas.Intotal,25%ofIndia’sworking-agepopulationhasnoeducation.In2030,asixthofthecountry’spotentialworkforcecouldbetotallyuneducated.

Leavingasidethebirthrateissue,India’seconomymaytakeoffwhenthecountryachieves(78)________ofeducationalopportunity.

分析:

第一步:

根据题干中的“India’seconomy”以及“educational”,可以定位到文章第五段。

第二步:

根据第五段中对于印度人口出生率以及经济发展与教育的关系的叙述可以得出这样的结论:

印度若能实现公民受教育机会的平等化,它的经济会有大的增长。

第三步:

确定答案为equality。

[知识链接1] 信息概括常用词

1.原因与结果:

reason(for),result;cause(of),consequence

2.异同点与优缺点:

difference,similarity;advantage,disadvantage

3.功能:

function

4.观点与态度:

opinion,view(on/about),viewpoint,idea;attitude(to/towards)

5.评论与评价:

comment(on),remark(on/upon),assessment

6.方式与方法:

means,way,method(of);solution,approach(todoingsth);(take)measures(todosth)

7.目的:

purpose,aim,goal

8.积极与消极:

positive,negative

9.建议:

advice,suggestion,tip

10.概括与总结:

summary,conclusion

11.特点:

feature,characteristic

12.种类:

kind,type,category,class

13.精神上与身体上:

mentally,physically

14.影响:

influence,impact,effect(on)

15.情形,状况:

situation,condition

16.方面与项目条款:

aspect,item

17.材料:

materials

18.知识与消息:

knowledge,information

19.日程计划:

schedule,agenda

20.百分比:

percentage

21.性别:

sex

22.年龄:

age

23.(不)熟悉:

familiar/unfamiliar

24.个人,个人的:

individual

25.细节:

description,detail

26.文化:

culture

27.责任:

(take)responsibility

28.贡献:

(make)contributions(to)

29.重要:

value,importance,significance

30.比较:

contrast,comparison

31.时期:

period,time

32.存在:

existence,exist

33.人口:

population

34.天气与气候:

weather,climate

35.位置:

location

36.主题:

theme

37.背景:

setting,background

38.情节:

plot

39.高潮:

climax

40.反对者与支持者:

opponent,supporter

[知识链接2] 同义替换常考词汇

1

resultfrom=arisefrom由……导致

2

atrandom=randomly随意地

3

inparticular=particularly尤其,特别

4

inpeace=peacefully平静地;安宁地

5

inadvance=aheadoftime(schedule)预先

6

inpart=partly在一定程度上

7

insilence=silently寂静地,沉默地

8

inharmony=harmoniously和谐地

9

beaccusedof=bechargedwith被指控

10

putforward=comeupwith提出

11

onbehalfof=represent代表

12

showup=turnup=appear出现

13

includingsth=sthincluded包括某物

14

beexposedto=exposureto暴露于,接触到

15

accountfor=makeup占据……比例

16

lacksth=beshortofsth=belackinginsth缺少某物

17

athand=handy在手边

18

escapefrom=flee逃离

19

stand/bear/tolerate/putupwith忍受

20

atthesametime=meanwhile同时

21

makefunof=laughat=tease=mock取笑

22

treatsbbadly=abusesb虐待某人

23

takepridein=beproudof对……感到自豪

24

bedressedin=wearsth穿着……

25

burstintotears=burstoutcrying突然大哭

26

lookafter=takecareof=attendto照顾

27

compensatefor=makeupfor补偿

28

online=ontheInternet在网上

29

matter/count/beimportant重要

30

catchon=popularize流行

31

takeup=occupy占据

32

believein=trust信任

33

takeinsth=absorbsth理解,吸收某物

34

starvetodeath=dieofhunger/starvation饿死

35

accompanysb=keepsbcompany陪伴某人

36

turntosbforhelp=asksbforhelp向某人求助

37

100years=1century=10decades100年

38

afortnight=twoweeks两周

39

everyyear=yearly=annual每年的

40

36=3dozen3打

41

facesth=befacedwithsth面对某事

42

facingsth=facedwithsth(状语)面临某事

43

support=beinfavorof=favor=subscribeto支持

44

beofuse/value=beuseful/valuable对……有用

45

dowith=dealwith=copewith=handle处理

46

beabsorbedin=belostin=beburiedin专心于……

47

objecttodoingsth=opposedoingsth=beopposedtodoingsth=raiseanobjectiontodoingsth反对做某事

48

convincesb=makesbconvinced使某人信服

49

theremainingmoney=themoneyleft剩下的钱

50

nowandthen=sometimes=occasionally有时

51

makeanapologytosb=apologizetosb向某人道歉

52

avarietyof+n.=varietiesof+n.=various+n.各种各样的……

53

makefulluseof=makethemost(best)of=takeadvantageof利用

54

berelatedto=beassociatedwith=belinkedto=beconnectedwith跟……有关

55

putoffdoing=delaydoing=postponedoing=buytimetodo推迟做

56

anapproachtodoingsth=awayofdoingsth=awaytodosth=howtodosth做某事的方法

57

replaceBwithA=substituteAforB=taketheplaceofBwithA用A替代B

58

resemble=looklike=besimilarto=beararesemblanceto像,类似于

59

sbmakessenseofsth=sbunderstandssth某人明白某事

60

beaccessibleto=haveaccessto=beavailableto可获得的

61

bedrunkwith=beaddictedto=behookedon沉迷于

62

managetodosth=succeedindoingsth(设法)做成某事

63

tobehonest/frank/strict=honestly/frankly/strictlyspeaking坦率地/直白地/严格地说

64

betired/sickof=beboredwith=befedupwith对……感到厌倦

65

haveanedge/advantageover=besuperiorto=bebetterthan胜过,比……强

66

beconsistentwith=beinlinewith=correspondwith=agreewith与……相一致

67

taketheplaceofA=beinplaceofA=replaceA取代A

68

atyourconvenience=whenitisconvenientforyou当你方便时

69

onone’sown=byonself=alone独自地

70

beaware/consciousof=realize=recognize意识到

71

beresponsiblefor=takeresponsibilityfor=answerfor对……负责

72

inspiteof/despite+短语=though/although/while/as+句子虽然(用as要倒装)

73

beyondbelief=incredible=unbelievable难以置信的

74

outofthequestion=impossible不可能的

outofquestion=noproblem没问题

75

beunawareof=failtonotice=overlook=ignore=neglect忽视

76

stress/underline/emphasizetheimportanceofsth强调某事/物的重要性

77

sthbenefitssb=sthbebeneficialtosb=sthbeofbenefittosb=sbbenefitsfromsth某人从某事中受益

78

makepreparationsfor=beinpreparationsfor=preparefor为……做准备

79

takeanactivepartinsth=takepartinsthactively积极参加某事

haveapositiveinfluenceon=influencesthpositively

对某物有积极影响

80

sthkillssb=sthcostssbthelife=sthclaimsone’slife某物杀了某人

81

betiredout=bewornout=beexhausted=beburntout=beweary累坏了

82

comeintobeing/existence=form/exist存在,形成

83

makeone’sdreamcometrue=realize/achieveone’sdream实现某人的梦想

84

beover=end=put...toanend=cometoanend结束

85

don’t/neverdo=avoiddoing=keepawayfromdoing

避免做

86

beabletodosth=becapableofdoingsth能够做某事

87

useup=runoutof用光

runout=giveout=beusedup耗尽

88

causesbtoparticipateinsth=involvesbinsth让某人参加某事

89

AberesponsibleforB=Acauses/resultsin/leadstoB

A是B的起因

90

bringabout/resultin/leadto/contributeto/accountfor/cause/makefor导致

A

(2018·苏北四市高三第一次调研)

Ownershipusedtobeaboutasstraightforwardaswritingacheque.Ifyouboughtsomething,youownedit.Ifyoubrokeit,youfixedit.Ifyounolongerwantedit,yousolditorthrewitaway.Somefirmsfoundwaysofsqueezingoutmoreprofitintheafter-saleservices,usingauthorizedrepairshops,andstrategiessuchassellingcheapprintersandexpensiveink,which,however,didnotchallengethenatureofownership.

Inthedigitalageownershiphasbecomemoreambiguous.Sincethearrivalofsmartphones,consumersareforcedtoacceptthattheydonotcontrolthesoftwareintheirdevices;theyareonlylicensedtouseit.Butasmoredigitaldevicesarespringingup,whoownsandwhocontrolswhichobjectsisbecomingaproblem.Buyersshouldbeawarethatsomeoftheirmostbasicpropertyrightsareunderthreat.

Needlesstosay,manufacturersseekingtorestrictwhatownersdowithincreasinglycomplextechnologyhavegoodreasonstoprotecttheircopyright,ensurethattheirmachinesdonotmalfunction(发生故障),maintainenvironmentalstandardsandpreventhacking.Sometimescompaniesusetheircontroloveraproduct’ssoftwarefortheowners’benefit.WhenHurricaneIrmahitFloridathismonth,Tesla,astart-upforelectricvehicles,remotelyupgradedthesoftwarecontrollingthebatteriesofsomemodelstogiveownersmorerangetoescapethestorm.

Themoredigitalstrings(数字串)areattachedtogoods,themorethebalanceofcontroltilts(倾斜)towardsproducersandawayfromowners.Alreadythishasgivenrisetocontroversy(争议)overowners’propertyrights.Itemsfromsmartphonestowashingmachineshavebecomeincreasinglyhardtofix,meaningthattheyarethrownawayinsteadofbeingrepaired.Privacyisalsoatrisk.UserswerealarmedwhenitcameoutthatiRobot,aroboticvacuumcleaner,notonlycleansthefloorbutcreatesadigitalmapofthehome’sinteriorthatcanthenbesoldtoadvertisersthoughthemanufacturersaysithasnointentionofdoingso.

Suchissuesshouldremindpeoplehowdesperatelytheyoughttoprotecttheirpropertyrights.InAmericathisideahasalreadytakenrootinthe“righttorepair”movement.InFranceappliance-makersmusttellbuyershowlongadeviceislikelytolast—asignofhowrepairableitis.R

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