最新高考英语 阅读理解训练经典题目含答案 2.docx

最新高考英语 阅读理解训练经典题目含答案 2.docx

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最新高考英语阅读理解训练经典题目含答案2

最新高考英语阅读理解训练经典题目（含答案）

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   ToensureanexcellentexperienceduringyourtouroftheMarkTwainHouse,herearesomeguidelinesandgeneralinformation:

TheHouseisShownOnlybyGuidedTour.

   Toensureanoptimum（最佳）experience,housetoursarelimitedto14people,first-come,first-served.Ifyourgrouphasmorethan10people,call（860）280-3130toreserveadiscountedgrouptourinadvanceofyourvisit.Ifyouhaveapartyoffewerthan10peoplefeelfreetopurchaseticketsonline:

WewillholdthematWillCall.Thetourscheduleisusuallyonlineaboutamonthinadvance.

Oursiteismadeupofthreebuildings

   TheWebsterBankMuseumCenterattheMarkTwainHouse&Museumisalwaysyourfirstandlaststopasithousesourticketcounter,museumstore,film,exhibitsandcafe.AlltoursgatherinthemuseumcenterbeforeheadingovertoMarkTwain'shistoric1874home.MarkTwain'shistoriccarriagehouseisthethirdbuildingonourproperty,butisgenerallynotopentothepublic.Thehayloft（干草棚）hasbeenrepurposedintoofficesandthemainfloorofthebarnisaspaceavailableforrentforpartiesandmeetings.

Coupons&Discounts

   TheMarkTwainHouseoffersonlyafewcouponsanddiscounts.ThepriceyoupayforadmissionhelpsusmaintainthebeautyofthisiconofAmericanarchitecture.Ifyouareluckyenoughtofindoneofthosespecialoffersonlineoratyourlocallibrary,keepinmindtheyaregoodonlyforthegeneralMarkTwainHouseTours.Nopassesordiscountsmaybeappliedtoourspecialtytours.

（1）Whatkindoftourbookedbeforehandenjoysadiscount?

A.Specialtytour.

B.Guidedtour

C.Grouptourwith9people.

D.Grouptourwith13people.

（2）Whichplaceisnotavailabletotourists?

A.TheWebsterBankMuseumCenter.

B.MarkTwain'shistoriccarriagehouse.

C.Thehayloft.

D.MarkTwain'shistoric1874home.

（3）Whatisthepurposeofchargingadmissionfees?

A.Toearnmoremoney.

B.Towellpreservethehouse.

C.TosupportMarkTwain'sfamily.

D.Toofferpartiesandmeetings.

【答案】

（1）D

（2）B

（3）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了参观马克·吐温故居的指南和信息。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据TheHouseisShownOnlybyGuidedTour.部分中的 "Ifyourgrouphasmorethan10people,call（860）280-3130toreserveadiscountedgrouptourinadvanceofyourvisit."可知，如果您的团体人数超过10人，请在您参观之前致电（860）280-3130预订折扣的团体游，可知，13人旅行团提前预定可以享受折扣，故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据Oursiteismadeupofthreebuildings部分中的"MarkTwain'shistoriccarriagehouseisthethirdbuildingonourproperty,butisgenerallynotopentothepublic."可知，马克·吐温的马车屋是不对游客开放的，故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据Coupons&Discounts部分中的"ThepriceyoupayforadmissionhelpsusmaintainthebeautyofthisiconofAmericanarchitecture."可知，你们的入场费用帮助我们保持这个美国标志性建筑——马克·吐温故居的美丽，可知，收取入场费的目的是保护好马克·吐温故居，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．（2019•天津）阅读理解

   Howdoesanecosystem（生态系统）work?

Whatmakesthepopulationsofdifferentspeciesthewaytheyare?

Whyaretheresomanyfliesandsofewwolves?

Tofindananswer,scientistshavebuiltmathematicalmodelsoffoodwebs,notingwhoeatswhomandhowmucheachoneeats.

   Withsuchmodels,scientistshavefoundoutsomekeyprinciplesoperatinginfoodwebs.Mostfoodwebs,forinstance,consistofmanyweaklinksratherthanafewstrongones.Whenapredator（掠食动物）alwayseatshugenumbersofasingleprey（猎物）,thetwospeciesarestronglylinked;whenapredatorlivesonvariousspecies,theyareweaklylinked.Foodwebsmaybedominatedbymanyweaklinksbecausethatarrangementismorestableoverthelongterm.Ifapredatorcaneatseveralspecies,itcansurvivetheextinction（灭绝）ofoneofthem.Andifapredatorcanmoveontoanotherspeciesthatiseasiertofindwhenapreyspeciesbecomesrare,theswitchallowstheoriginalpreytorecover.Theweaklinksmaythuskeepspeciesfromdrivingoneanothertoextinction.

   Mathematicalmodelshavealsorevealedthatfoodwebsmaybeunstable,wheresmallchangesoftoppredatorscanleadtobigeffectsthroughoutentireecosystems.Inthe1960s,scientistsproposedthatpredatorsatthetopofafoodwebhadasurprisingamountofcontroloverthesizeofpopulationsofotherspecies---includingspeciestheydidnotdirectlyattack.

   Andunplannedhumanactivitieshaveprovedtheideaoftop-downcontrolbytoppredatorstobetrue.Intheocean,wefishedfortoppredatorssuchascodonanindustrialscale,whileonland,wekilledofflargepredatorssuchaswolves.Theseactionshavegreatlyaffectedtheecologicalbalance.

   Scientistshavebuiltanearly-warningsystembasedonmathematicalmodels.Ideally,thesystemwouldtelluswhentoadapthumanactivitiesthatarepushinganecosystemtowardabreakdownorwouldevenallowustopullanecosystembackfromtheborderline.Preventioniskey,scientistssaysbecauseonceecosystemspasstheirtippingpoint（临界点）,itisremarkablydifficultforthemtoreturn.

（1）Whathavescientistsdiscoveredwiththehelpofmathematicalmodelsoffoodwebs？

A. Thelivinghabitsofspeciesinfoodwebs.

B. Therulesgoverningfoodwebsoftheecosystems.

C. Theapproachestostudyingthespeciesintheecosystems.

D. Thedifferencesbetweenweakandstronglinksinfoodwebs.

（2）Astronglinkisfoundbetweentwospecieswhenapredator______.

A. hasawidefoodchoice                                    B. caneasilyfindnewprey

C. stickstoonepreyspecies                                

D. canquicklymovetoanotherplace

（3）Whatwillhappenifthepopulationsoftoppredatorsinafoodwebgreatlydecline？

A. Thepreyspeciestheydirectlyattackwilldieout.

B. Thespeciestheyindirectlyattackwillturnintotoppredators.

C. Thelivingenvironmentofotherspecieswillremainunchanged.

D. Thepopulationsofotherspecieswillexperienceunexpectedchanges.

（4）WhatconclusioncanbedrawnfromtheexamplesinParagraph4？

A. Uncontrolledhumanactivitiesgreatlyupsetecosystems.

B. Rapideconomicdevelopmentthreatensanimalhabitats.

C. Speciesofcommercialvaluedominateotherspecies.

D. Industrialactivitieshelpkeepfoodwebsstable.

（5）Howdoesanearly-warningsystemhelpusmaintaintheecologicalbalance？

A. Bygettingillegalpracticesundercontrol.

B. Bystoppingusfromkillinglargepredators.

C. Bybringingthebroken-downecosystemsbacktonormal.

D. Bysignalingtheurgentneedfortakingpreventiveaction.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）C

（3）D

（4）A

（5）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了借助食物网的数学模型，科学家们发现了一些在食物网运营的关键原则。

科学家们说;因为一个生态系统越过了它的临界点，它们很难再回来。

该系统将告诉我们何时适应人类活动，这些活动正将生态系统推向崩溃，或者甚至允许我们将生态系统从边缘拉回来，预防是关键。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Withsuchmodels,scientistshavefoundoutsomekeyprinciplesoperatinginfoodwebs.”可知，借助食物网的数学模型，科学家们发现了食物网中的一些关键原则。

故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Whenapredator（掠食动物）alwayseatshugenumbersofasingleprey（猎物），thetwospeciesarestronglylinked”可知，当捕食者总是吃大量的单一猎物，这两个物种是紧密相连的。

故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“Inthe1960s,scientistsproposedthatpredatorsatthetopofafoodwebhad,asurprisingamountofcontroloverthesizeofpopulationsofotherspeciestheydidnotdirectlyattack”可知，处于食物网顶端的食肉动物对它们没有直接攻击的其他物种的种群数量有着惊人的控制，由此可推断出，如果食物链顶级食肉动物的数量大大下降，其他物种的种群将经历意想不到的变化。

故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“Ideallythesystemwouldtelluswhentoadapthumanactivitiesthatarepushinganecosystemtowardabreakdownorwouldevenallowustopullanecosystembackfromtheborderline”可知，人类过度的活动会将生态系统推向崩溃，由此可推断出，不受控制的人类活动极大地破坏了生态系统。

故选A。

（5）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“Scientistshavebuiltanearly-warmingsystembasedonmathematicalmodels.Ideallythesystemwouldtelluswhentoadapthumanactivitiesthatarepushinganecosystemtowardabreakdownorwouldevenallowustopullanecosystembackfromtheborderline.”可知，早期变暖系统发出紧急需要采取预防行动的信号帮助我们维持生态平衡。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   At88,mygrandmotherVerahasdementiaandbarelyrecognizesme.ButI'mdeterminedtohelpheragewithdignityandgraceinherhomeforaslongasshecan.

  Since2015,I'vebeenamanageratHonor,atechnologycompanythatusesawebsiteandanapptopairprofessionalcaregivers（wecallthemCarePros）withlovedoneswhoneedahand.Iwanttomakesureweareofferingallourclients（客户）,includingmygrandmother,aservicethatisaffordable,withpeoplewhoarereliable,diverseandskilled.OnSundays.Amy,mygrandmother'smost-lovedHonorprofessionalcaregiver,comesovertogetherdressedforchurch.ShelovesthetimeshespendswithAmy.That'sthebestgiftIcangiveherandthebestgiftIcangivemyself.Caregivingcanexhaustafamilyemotionallyandphysically.AtHonor,we'retryingtocreatesomethingthatmakesiteasierforwomentobemoms,daughters,andsistersallatonce.That'swhythiscompanywasbuilt.

   WhatsetsHonorapartfromothercaregivingservicesisthatwe'reequallyfocusedontreatingtheCareProswell.Wepayhigher-than-averageratesandtheycangethealthbenefitsandsickleave.MostofourCareProsarewomen,andalotofthemarcsinglemothers.ThetechnologybehindourappallowsCareProstosetparameters（参数）basedonwhen,where,andhowmuchtheywanttoworksotheycancontroltheirschedules.Thecompanyalsoallowscontinuityofcare.EachCarePronotesinthecaregivers'apphowtheclientisfeelingorwhatshouldhappenonthefollowingshift.Thatway,theclient'sfamilycanstayuptodateontheirlovedone'shealth.

   WhenIwasworkingwithmyteamatHonor,Iwantedtocreateopportunitiesforpeoplewholookedlikeme.I'mproudtosaythattherearesinglemomsandotherwomenwithouttraditionaleducationaltrainingwholeadteamshere.Themakeupofthiscompanyprovesthatpeoplewithdiversebackgroundscanbepartofasucc