被动语态.docx
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被动语态
被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。
口诀是:
被动语态be字变,过去分词跟后面。
公式为:
be(有时态的变化)+动词的过去分词
1.一般现在时:
am(is,are)+过去分词
Englishisspokenbyover1,oomillionpeople
2.一般过去时:
was(were)+过去分词
Hewashitbyacaryesterday.
3.一般将来时:
will(shall)be)+过去分词
4.现在进行时:
am(is,are)being+过去分词*
5.现在完成时:
have(has)been+过去分词*
6.带情态动词的被动语态:
must(can,may,should,need,would)be+过去分词
Somethingmustbedonetoprotecttheenvirement
三被动语态的用法(谁做的动作不知道,说出谁做的没有必要,动作承受者需强调,被动语态运用到。
)
1不知道动作执行者时,常用被动语态..
ThiscarismadeinAmerica.
2.不必要说出动作执行者时,常用被动语态.
Romewasnotbuiltinaday.
3.为了突出强调动作的承受者时,常用被动语态.
Englishisspokeninmanycountries.
四、主动语态变被动语态的方法
(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词)
(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。
(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。
例如:
Allthepeoplelaughedathim.
--主语谓语宾语--
Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.
Theymakethebikesinthefactory.
Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.
口诀是:
宾变主,主变宾,by短语后面跟。
谓语动词变被动,be后“过分”来使用。
五、含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成,
例如:
1Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.
→Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.
3Theyshoulddoitatonce.→Itshouldbedoneatonce.
(1)将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语
Childrenoftensingthissong
Thissongisoftensungbychildren.
六动词为make,see,hear,watch等,后接宾语补足语为不带“to”不定式时,变被动语态时要加上“to”常见的被动语态的短语有:
bemadetodosth被迫做某事
beaskedtodosth被要求做某事
betoldtodosth被告知做某事
beinvitedtodosth被邀请做某事
beseentodosth被看见做某事
bespoken被。
。
。
所讲
ITheworkers_____workfortenhourseveryday
AaremadeBaremadetoCaremakeDweremadeto
2He_______stealthebikeyesterday.
AbeseenBisseentoCwasseenDwasseento
初中英语不规则动词过去式、过去分词表
(1)AAA型(动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形)
cost(花费)cost cost
cut(割) cut cut
hit(打) hit hit
hurt伤害) hurt hurt
let(让) let let
put(放) put put
read(读) read read
(2)AAB型(动词原形与过去式同形)
beat(跳动) beat beaten
(3)ABA型(动词原形与过去分词同形)
become(变成) became become
come(来) came come
run(跑) ran run
(4)ABB型(过去式与过去分词同形)
dig(挖) dug dug
hang(吊死) hanged hanged
hang(悬挂) hung hung
hold(抓住) held held
shine(照耀) shone shone
sit(坐) sat sat
win (赢) won won
meet(遇见) met met
keep(保持) kept kept
sleep(睡) slept slept
sweep(扫) swept swept
feel(感觉) felt felt
smell(闻) smelt smelt
leave(离开) left left
build(建设) built built
lend(借出) lent lent
send(传送) sent sent
spend(花费) spent spent
lose (丢失) lost lost
burn(燃烧)burnt burnt
learn(学习) learnt learnt
mean(意思是)meant meant
catch(抓住) caught caught
teach(教) taught taught
bring(带来) brought brought
fight(斗) fought fought
buy(买) bought bought
think(想) thought thought
hear(听见) heard heard
sell(卖) sold sold
tell(告诉) told told
say(说) said said
find(找到) found found
have/has(有)had had
make(制造) made made
stand(站) stood stood
understand明白understood understood
(5)ABC型(动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形)
begin(开始) began begun
drink(喝) drank drunk
ring(铃响) rang rung
sing(唱) sang sung
swim(游泳) swam swum
blow(吹) blew /u:
/ blown
draw (画)drew drawn
fly(飞) flew flown
grow(生长)grew grown
know(知道) knew known
throw(投掷) threw thrown
show(出示) showed shown
get(得到) got gotten
break(打破) broke broken
choose(选择) chose chosen
forget(忘记) forgot forgotten
speak(说,讲) spoke spoken
wake(醒) woke woken
drive(驾驶) drove driven
eat(吃) ate eaten
fall(落下) fell fallen
give(给) gave given
rise(升高) rose risen
take(取) took taken
mistake(弄错) mistook mistaken
rid(骑) rode ridden
write(写) wrote written
do(做) did done gogo(去) went gone
lie(躺) lay lain
see(看见) saw seen
wear (穿) wore worn
be(am,is,are)(是) was,were been