新世纪英语专业综合教程unit8课后答案lecturenotes.docx

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新世纪英语专业综合教程unit8课后答案lecturenotes

Unit8

Unit8FocusonGlobalWarming

SectionOnePre-readingActivities

Culturalinformation

1.Globalwarming

GlobalwarmingistheincreaseintheaveragetemperatureofEarth‘snear-surfaceairand

oceanssincethemid-20thcenturyanditsprojectedcontinuation.Mostoftheobserved

temperatureincreasesincethemiddleofthe20thcenturywascausedbyincreasingconcentrations

ofgreenhousegases,whichresultsfromhumanactivitysuchasfossilfuelburningand

deforestation.

Anincreaseinglobaltemperaturewillcausesealevelstoriseandwillchangetheamount

andpatternofprecipitation,probablyincludingexpansionofsubtropicaldeserts.Warmingis

expectedtobestrongestintheArcticandwouldbeassociatedwithcontinuingretreatofglaciers,

permafrostandseaice.Otherlikelyeffectsincludechangesinthefrequencyandintensityof

extremeweatherevents,speciesextinctions,andchangesinagriculturalyields.

SectionTwoGlobalReading

ITextanalysis

1.Fromwhichperspectivesdoesthetextaddresstheissueofglobalwarming?

Thetextaddressestheissuefromthreeperspectives—thegeneralpublicconcern,itscauses

andconsequences,andpracticalactionstotackletheproblem.

2.What'stheauthor'spurposeofwriting?

Toraisepeople'sconsciousnessofthepotentialdangersofglobalwarming,andtosuggest

someactionstocombatit.

IIStructuralanalysis

1.Dividethetextintopartsbycompletingthetable.

Paragraphs

Mainidea

1-2

Theauthortellsthereasonwhypeoplearenowincreasinglyconcernedaboutglobalwarming.

3-7

Theauthortracesthecausesofglobalwarminganddiscussestheconsequencesofit.

8-11

Theauthorputsforwardsomesuggestionsonwhatistobedone.

2.Figureoutthesub-ideasinthesecondpart.

1）thecausesoftherisingconcentrationofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere（Paragraphs3and

4）

2）theeffectofsuchconcentrationonclimatechange（Paragraphs5and6）

3）thepotentialthreatofglobalwarmingtohumanhealthandsurvival（Paragraph7）

SectionThreeDetailedReading

1

Unit8

TextI

FocusonGlobalWarming

JohnWeier

Twenty-fiveyearsagoifyoumadeatriptothelocallibraryandperusedtheperiodical1

fewaupwithonlyhaveonglobalwarming,you'dprobablycomesectionforarticles

geopoliticalesotericablurbinsomeabstractsfromhardcoresciencejournalsormaybe

thesubjecthasbecomeasattestsmagazine.AsanInternetsearchonglobalwarmingnow

12ormicrowavecooking.consciousnessasMadonnarootedinourpublic

2.WiththepossibleexceptionofanotherworldPerhapsallthisattentionisdeserved

threatwar,giantasteroid,oranincurableplague,globalwarmingmaybethesinglelargest

2ofoftonsandcarshavespewedplanet.toourbillionsFordecadeshumanfactories

greenhousegasesintotheatmosphere,andtheclimatehasbeguntoshowsomesignsof

3ourwedon'tcurbseethisasaharbingerofwhatistocome.Ifwarming.Many

andbeawashinseawater,raincouldgreenhousegasemissions,thenlow-lyingnations

droughtpatternsacrosstheworldcouldchange,hurricanescouldbecomemorefrequent,

andElNinoscouldbecomemoreintense.

OurWarmingPlanet

3Whathasworriedmanypeoplenowisthatoverthepast250yearshumanshavebeen

ofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.Ourfactories,concentrationartificiallyraisingthe

powerplants,andcarsburncoalandgasolineandspitoutaseeminglyendlessstreamof

totrashproducemillionsofpoundsofmethanebyallowingourcarbondioxide.We

cattle.andbybreedinglargeherdsofmethane-belchingdecomposeinlandfills

unnaturalamountsNitrogen-basedfertilizers,whichweuseonnearlyallourcrops,releaseofnitrogenoxideintotheatmosphere.

4Oncethesecarbon-basedgreenhousegasesgetintotheatmosphere,theystaythere

fordecadesorlonger.AccordingtotheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange（IPCC）and31percentlevelssincetheindustrialrevolution,carbondioxidehaveincreased

methanelevelshaveincreased151percent.Paleoclimatereadingstakenfromfossilrecords

greenhousegases,areattheirhighestshowthatthesegases,twoofthemostabundantlevelsinthepast420,000years.Manyscientistsfearthattheincreasedconcentrationsof

IngreenhousegaseshavepreventedadditionalthermalradiationfromleavingtheEarth.

satmosphereinmuchthesameheatintheEarthessence,thesegasesaretrappingexcess'4waythatawindshieldtrapssolarenergythatentersacar.

5Temperaturedata5backclimateMuchoftheavailabledataappeartothesefears.

surfacesourcesgatheredfrommanydifferentallacrossthetheglobeshowthat

thesurfacetheofandlowerincludesEarth,oftemperaturethewhichtheatmosphere

ocean,hasrisendramaticallyoverseveraldecades.Worldwidemeasurementsofsealevel

showariseof0.1to0.2metersoverthelastcentury.That'℃sanincreaseofroughly1s'recessionevery4,000years.Readingsgatheredfromglaciersrevealasteadyoftheworldcontinentalglaciers.Takentogether,allofthesedatasuggestthatoverthelastcenturythe

planethasexperiencedthelargestincreaseinsurfacetemperaturein1,000years.

2

Unit8

6Notsurprisingly,manyscientistsspeculatethatsuchchangesintheclimatewill

6Accordingtothecooldays.IPCC,landsurfaceprobablyresultinhotterdaysandfewer

areaswillincreaseintemperatureoverthesummermonthsmuchmorethantheocean.

Themid-latitudetohigh-latituderegionsintheNorthernHemisphere—areassuchasthe

ContinentalUnitedStates,Canada,andSiberia—willlikelywarmthemost.Theseregions

couldexceedmeanglobalwarmingbyasmuchas40percent.

7Asfarashumanhealthisconcerned,thosehithardestwillprobablyberesidentsof

7Aslightagainstchangesinclimate.poorercountriesthatdonothavethefundstofend

increaseinheatandraininequatorialregionswouldlikelysparkanincreasein

vector-bornediseasessuchasmalaria.Moreintenserainsandhurricanescouldcausemore

severefloodingandmoredeathsincoastalregionsandalongriverbeds.Evenamoderate

riseinsealevelcouldthreatenthecoastlinesoflow-lyingislandssuchastheMaldives.All

acrosstheglobe,hottersummerscouldleadtomorecasesofheatstrokeanddeaths

amongthosewhoarevulnerable,suchasolderpeoplewithheartproblems.Thewarmer

temperaturesmayalsoleadtohigherlevelsofnear-surfaceozonefromcarsandfactories,

whichwouldlikelycausemoreperilousairqualitydaysandhospitaladmissionsforthose

withrespiratoryproblems.

TakingActions

88warmingGlobalwarming.takeactionstoslowdownglobalFortunately,wecan

resultsprimarilyfromhumanactivitiesthatreleaseheat-trappinggasesandparticlesinto

theair.Themostimportantcausesincludetheburningoffossilfuelssuchascoal,gas,and

oil,anddeforestation.Toreducetheemissionofheat-trappinggaseslikecarbondioxide,

offossilfuels,usetechnologiesmethane,andnitrousoxides,wecancurbourconsumptionthetheforestsinamountofemissionswhereverpossible,andprotectthatreducethe

world.

9thosetheimpactsofglobalwarmingandWecanalsodothingstomitigateadaptto

9e.g.,throughcarefulplanningandotherstrategiesthatreduceourmostlikelytooccur,

vulnerabilitytoglobalwarming.

10willcombatglobal'tstopthere.WearealsoadvocatingpoliciesthatcanButwe

fuels,alternativethelongterm,thingslikecleancarsthatrunonwarmingover

environmentallyresponsiblerenewableenergytechnologies,andstoppingtheclear-cutting

ofvaluableforests.

11—problem.Itwilltakeeveryonegovernments,isClearly,globalwarmingahuge

difference.realtogetherworkingtomakeaindustry,communitiesandindividuals

Fortunatelyyoucanbepartofthem.

Paragraphs1-2

Questions

1.Whyhavepeopleshownincreasingconcernaboutglobalwarming?

（Paragraph2）

Theanswerliesinthesecondparagraph:

itisaharbingerofwhatistocome—thethreat

tolow-lyingnations,changeofrainanddroughtpatterns,frequenthurricanesandintenseEl

Ninos.

3

Unit8

WordsandExpressions

vt.toreadthroughsomething,especiallyinordertofindthepartyouareinterestedin1.peruse

Heopenedanewspaperandbegantoperusethepersonalads.e.g.Derivation:

perusaln.

e.g.abriefperusal

Hesentacopyofthereporttothegovernorsfortheirperusal.

2.periodicaln.apublicationthatappearsatfixedintervals,esp.oneofaseriouskind

e.g.Shehaswrittenforseverallegalperiodicals.

Derivation:

periodn.

periodica.occurringorappearingat（esp.regular）intervals定期的，周期的

periodicallyad.

3.comeupwithtothinkofanidea,plan,reply,etc.

e.g.Noonehascomeupwithaconvincingexplanationofwhydinosaursdiedout.

Thescientistsarebeatingtheirbrainstryingtocomeupwithasolutiontotheproblem.

4.attestvt./vi.todemonstrate,todeclaretobetrue

e.g.Theluxuriousfurnishingsattestedtothefamily'swealth.

Theperfectionoftheirdesignisattestedbythefactthattheyhavesurvivedforthousandsof

years.

Collocation:

attest（to）sth.

Derivation:

attestationn.

5.consciousnessn.

1）theconditionofbeingawakeandunderstandingwhatishappening

e.g.Whenwillthepatientregainhisconsciousness?

Theblowcausedhimtoloseconsciousness.

2）alltheideas,thoughts,feelings,etc.ofapersonorpeople

e.g.Loveforfreedomrunsdeepinthenationalc