21世纪大学实用英语综合教程 第二册 Unit 1讲解.docx

21世纪大学实用英语综合教程 第二册 Unit 1讲解.docx

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21世纪大学实用英语综合教程第二册Unit1讲解

教案

授课单元

21世纪大学实用英语综合教程第二册Unit1

本（章）节

授课方式

课堂讲授（√）实践课（）

教学时数

6

授

课

要

点

本（章）节教学目标

Afterstudyingthisunit,thestudentsareexpectedto

1.masterthebasiclanguageandskillsnecessarytoaskforandgiveclarification;

2.understandthemainideasofTextA,TextBandTextC,andmastertheusefulsentencestructuresandwordsandexpressionsfoundintheexercisesrelevanttothefirsttwotexts;

3.knowhowtowritealetterofinvitation;

4.knowhowtouseV+V-ing;

5.guessthemeaningofunknownwordsincontext.

教学重点和难点

Teachingfocus:

1.Masterthebasiclanguageandskillsnecessarytomakerequests

2.ExplainsomelanguagepointstotheSs.

3.ExplainsomegrammarpointstotheSs.

Teachingdifficulties:

1.HowtoimproveSs’speakingability.

2.HowtoimproveSs’listeningability.

思考题

或

作业

1.Reviewthekeyexpressionsfromthepreviouslesson.

2.ReadTextBofthisunit,anddeepentheunderstandingofthethemeinthisunit.Sharereflectionsonthisthemeinclass.

3.Reviewthenewwordsandphrasesofthistext.Trytousethemindailylife.

4.Finishthereadingandlisteningtasksofthisunit.

教学内容与组织安排

1stperiod

TextA（GlobalReading）

2ndperiod

TextA（DetailedReading）

3rdperiod

GrammarReview

4thperiod

PracticalWriting

5thperiod

TextB

6thperiod

ImproveYourReadingSkills

1stperiodTextA（GlobalReading）

1BackgroundInformation

EnglishLanguage

TheEnglishlanguageisthemostwidelyspokenlanguageintheworld.Itisusedaseitheraprimaryorsecondarylanguageinmanycountries.

Duringthe1500s,fewerthan2millionpeoplespokeEnglish.AllofthemlivedinwhatisnowGreatBritain.Throughthecenturies,astheresultofvarioushistoricalevents,Englishspreadthroughouttheworld.Today,about400millionpeoplespeakEnglishastheirnativelanguage.MostofthemliveinAustralia,Canada,GreatBritain,Ireland,NewZealand,SouthAfrica,andtheUnitedStates.

Another100millionpeoplelivingchieflyinBangladesh,India,Pakistan,andinmanyAfricancountriesspeakEnglishinadditiontotheirownlanguage.Anadditional200millionpeopleprobablyknowatleastsomeEnglish.（Fromthe1998WorldBookMultimediaEncyclopedia）

CharacteristicsofEnglish

Vocabulary.Englishhasalargervocabularythananyotherlanguage.Therearemorethan600,000wordsinthelargestdictionariesoftheEnglishlanguage.

SomeEnglishwordshavebeenpassedonfromgenerationtogenerationasfarbackasscholarscantrace.Thesewords,suchaswoman,man,sun,hand,love,go,andeat,expressbasicideasandfeelings.Later,manywordswereborrowedfromotherlanguages,includingArabic,French,German,Greek,Italian,Latin,Russian,andSpanish.Forexample,algebraisfromArabic,fashionfromFrench,pianofromItalian,andcanyonfromSpanish.

Anumberofwords,suchasdoghouseandsplashdown,wereformedbycombiningotherwords.Newwordswerealsocreatedbyblendingwords.Forexample,motorandhotelwereblendedintomotel.Wordscanbeshortenedtoformnewwords,aswasdonewithhistorytoformstory.Wordscalledacronymsareformedbyusingthefirstletterorlettersofseveralwords.Thewordradarisanacronymforradiodetectionandranging.

PronunciationandspellinginEnglishsometimesseemillogicalorinconsistent.Manywordsarespelledsimilarlythoughpronounceddifferently.Examplesincludecough,though,andthrough.Otherwords,suchasblue,crew,to,too,andshoe,havesimilarpronunciationsbutarespelleddifferently.ManyofthesevariationsshowchangesthatoccurredduringthedevelopmentofEnglish.Thespellingofsomewordsremainedthesamethroughthecenturies,thoughtheirpronunciationchanged.

Grammaristhesetofprinciplesusedtocreatesentences.Theseprinciplesdefinetheelementsusedtoassemblesentencesandtherelationshipsbetweentheelements.Theelementsincludepartsofspeechandinflections.

PartsofspeecharethewordcategoriesoftheEnglishlanguage.Scholarsdonotallagreeonhowtodescribethepartsofspeech.Thetraditionaldescriptionlistseightclasses:

nouns,pronouns,verbs,adjectives,adverbs,prepositions,conjunctions,andinterjections.Themostimportantrelationshipsofthepartsofspeechincludesubjectandverb,verbandpredicate,andmodifierandthewordmodified.

EnglishhasfewerinflectionsthanmostotherEuropeanlanguages.AnEnglishnounhasonlytwoinflections,thepluralandthepossessive.Inflectionsareusedtochangethetenseandnumberofaverborthecaseofapronoun.Inflectionscanchangeadjectivestothecomparativeorthesuperlative—forexample,big,bigger,biggest.

AmericanEnglish

AmericanEnglishisavarietyoftheEnglishlanguagespokenintheUnitedStates.AlthoughallAmericansdonotspeakthesameway,theirspeechhasenoughincommonthatAmericanEnglishcanberecognizedasavarietyofEnglishdistinctfromBritishEnglish,AustralianEnglish,andothernationalvarieties.AmericanEnglishhasgrownupwiththecountry.ItbegantodivergefromBritishEnglishduringitscolonialbeginningsandacquiredregionaldifferencesandethnicflavorduringthesettlementofthecontinent.

TodayitinfluencesotherlanguagesandothervarietiesofEnglishbecauseitisthemediumbywhichtheattractionsofAmericanculture—itsliterature,motionpictures,andtelevisionprograms—aretransmittedtotheworld.

CharacteristicsofAmericanEnglish

A.Pronunciation

Inbroadterms,CanadianandAmericanspeakerstendtosoundlikeoneanother.TheyalsotendtosounddifferentfromalargegroupofEnglishspeakerswhosoundmoreBritish,suchasthoseinAustralia,NewZealand,andSouthAfrica.Forexample,mostCanadiansandAmericanspronounceanrsoundafterthevowelinwordslikebarn,car,andfarther,whilespeakersfromtheBritishEnglishgroupdonot.Also,someBritishEnglishspeakersdrophsoundsatthebeginningofwords,sothatheandhisarepronouncedasiftheywerespelledeeandis.TheEnglishspokeninAustralia,NewZealand,andSouthAfricasoundsmorelikeBritishEnglishthanAmericanEnglishdoesbecausethesevarietieshavehadlesstimetodivergefromBritishEnglish.TheprocessofseparatedevelopmentbeganlaterinthesecountriesthaninNorthAmerica.

InsomecasestherearedifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglishintherhythmofwords.Britishspeakersseemtoleaveoutasyllableinwordslikesecretary,asifitwerespelledsecretry,whileAmericanskeepallthesyllables.Theoppositeistrueofotherwords,suchasspecialty,whichAmericanspronouncewiththreesyllables（spe-cial-ty）whileBritishspeakerspronounceitwithfivesyllables（spe-ci-al-i-ty）.Vowelsandconsonantsmayalsohavedifferentpronunciations.BritishspeakerspronouncezebratorhymewithDebra,whileAmericanspeakersmakezebrarhymewithLibra.CanadianandBritishspeakerspronouncethewordscheduleasifitbeganwithanshsound,whileAmericanspronounceitasifitbeganwithansksound.

B.Words

ThemostfrequentlyusedwordsaresharedbyspeakersofdifferentvarietiesofEnglish.Thesewordsincludethemostcommonnouns,themostcommonverbs,andmostfunctionwords（suchaspronouns,articles,andprepositions）.ThedifferentvarietiesofEnglishdo,however,usedifferentwordsformanywordsthatareslightlylesscommon—forexample,BritishcrispsforAmericanpotatochips,AustralianbillabongforAmericanpond,andCanadianchesterfieldforAmericansofa.ItisevenmorecommonforthesamewordtoexistwithdifferentmeaningsindifferentvarietiesofEnglish.CornisageneralterminBritain,forwhichAmericansusegrain,whilecorninAmericanEnglishisaspecifickindofgrain.ThewordpondinBritishEnglishusuallyreferstoanartificialbodyofwater,whereaspondsalsooccurnaturallyinNorthAmerica.BritishEnglishchemististhesameasAmericanEnglishdrugstore,andinCanadapeoplegotothedruggist.ManyofthewordsmosteasilyrecognizedasAmericaninoriginareassociatedwithaspectsofAmericanpopularculture,suchasgangsterorcowboy.

C.Spelling

AmericanEnglishspellingdiffersfromBritishEnglishspellinglargelybecauseofoneman,AmericanlexicographerNoahWebster.Inadditiontohiswell-knownAnAmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage（1828）,WebsterpublishedTheAmericanSpellingBook（1783,withmanysubsequenteditions）,whichbecameoneofthemostwidelyusedschoolbooksinAmericanhistory.Webster’sbookssoughttostandardizespellingintheUnitedStatesbypromotingtheuseofanAmericanlanguagethatintentionallydifferedfromBritishEnglish.ThedevelopmentofaspecificallyAmericanvarietyofEnglishmirroredthenewcountry’sseparatepoliticaldevelopment.Webster’smostsuccessfulchangeswerespellingswithorinsteadofour（honor,laborfortheBritishhonour,labour）;witherinsteadofre（center,theaterfortheBritishcentre,theatre）;withansinsteadofac（defense,licensefortheBritishdefence,licence）;withafinalckinsteadofque（check,maskfortheBritishcheque,masque）;andwithoutafinalk（traffic,public,nowalsousedinBritishEnglish,fortheoldertraffick,publick）.Laterspellingreformcreatedafewotherdifferences,suchasprogramforBritishprogramme.CanadianspellingvariesbetweentheBritishandAmericanforms,moreBritishineasternCanadaandmoreAmericaninwesternCanada.

2.GroupDiscussion

Haveyoueverhadanexperienceinwhichyouaremisunderstoodorhavefailedtounderstandothers?

Misunderstandingscanresultfromthespokenformorwrittenformofthelanguagetha