高中英语Unit4LearningefficientlyPart1Period2LearningaboutLanguage.docx
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高中英语Unit4LearningefficientlyPart1Period2LearningaboutLanguage
2019-2020年高中英语Unit4Learningefficiently（Part1）--Period2LearningaboutLanguage
Aims
TohelpstudentsrevisetheSubjunctiveMood
Tohelpstudentsdiscoverandlearntousesomeusefulwordsandexpressions
Tohelpstudentsdiscoverandlearntousesomeusefulstructures
Procedures
I.Warmingupbylearningtoguessingthemeaningofwordsfromcontext
Studentsshouldbeencouragedtotrytoguessthemeaningofunfamiliarwordsusingcluesinthecontext.Thesecluesmaybeinthesurroundingwords.Thetextmayprovideadefinitionthatexplainstheunfamiliarword,oritmaygiveexamplestoillustratetheunfamiliarword.Theremaybeconnectingwordsusedafterthefamiliarwordthatindicatesimilarityorcontrast.Ifthestudentisfamiliarwiththeitemthatisbeingparedorcontrastedthisshouldprovideacluetotheunknownword.Anotherstrategyistobreaktheworddownintosyllables.Sometimesknowledgeofmonrootsandaffixesorsimilaritytowordsinthestudents’ownlanguagecanhelpthemguessthemeaningofaparticularword.
II.Discoveringusefulwordsandexpressions
Turntopage35anddothewordsandexpressionsexercises1,2and3.
III.RevisingtheSubjunctiveMood
TheSubjunctiveMood
Averbisinthesubjunctivemoodwhenitexpressesaconditionwhichisdoubtfulornotfactual.Itismostoftenfoundinaclausebeginningwiththewordif.Itisalsofoundinclausesfollowingaverbthatexpressesadoubt,awish,regret,request,demand,orproposal.
Theseareverbstypicallyfollowedbyclausesthattakethesubjunctive:
ask,demand,determine,insist,move,order,pray,prefer,remend,regret,request,require,suggest,andwish.
InEnglishthereisnodifferencebetweenthesubjunctiveandnormal,orindicative,formoftheverbexceptforthepresenttensethirdpersonsingularandfortheverbtobe.
Thesubjunctiveforthepresenttensethirdpersonsingulardropsthe-sor-essothatitlooksandsoundslikethepresenttenseforeverythingelse.
Thesubjunctivemoodoftheverbtobeisbeinthepresenttenseandwereinthepasttense,regardlessofwhatthesubjectis.
Incorrect:
IfIwasyou,Iwouldrun.
Correct:
IfIwereyou,Iwouldrun.
（Theverbfollowsifandexpressesanon-factualcondition.）
Incorrect:
Iwishhewasabletotypefaster.
Correct:
Iwishhewereabletotypefaster.
（Thesecondverbisinaclausefollowingaverbexpressingawish.Italsosuggestsanon-factualordoubtfulcondition.）
Incorrect:
Hisrequirementisthateveryoneisputerliterate.
Correct:
Hisrequirementisthateveryonebeputerliterate.
（Subordinateclausefollowsmainclausewithademand.）
Incorrect:
Heremendedthateachdriverreportshistips.
Correct:
Heremendedthateachdriverreporthistips.
Sometimeswemayusetheconditionalauxiliaryverbsofcould,should,orwouldtoexpressthesamesense.
Subjunctive:
Iwishhewerekindertome.
Conditional:
Iwishhewouldbekindertome.
Note:
InmodernEnglish,thesubjunctiveisonlyfoundinsubordinateclauses.
Subjunctiveform
subjunctivepresent
If+s+verbword....,s+will+verbword....
subjunctivepast
If+s+verb（pasttense）....,s+would（should,could,might）+verbword....
subjunctivepastperfect
If+s+had+p.p....,s+would（should,could,might）+had+p.p
Meaning
subjunctivepresent
realpossibilityforfuture
subjunctivepast
notrealpossibility;oppositeofpresentfact
subjunctivepastperfect
oppositeofpastfact
IV.Revisingusefulstructures
ToreviseandconsolidateyourlearningoftheSubjunctiveMoodpleasegotopage36anddothethreeexercises.
V.ClosingdownbyreadingmoreabouttheSubjunctiveMood
1．InConditionalSentences（用于条件句中）
虚拟语气用于非真实条件句时谓语动词的主要形式见下表：
非真实条件句
主句
与现在事实相反
过去时（be用were）
would＋动词原形
与过去事实相反
过去完成时
wouldhave+过去分词
与将来事实相反或推测
A.过去时（be用were）
B.wereto＋动词原形
C.should＋动词原形
would＋动词原形
以上结构中，主句谓语动词除了用would外，有时还可用might或could，第一人称还
可用should，但美国英语都用would。
如果条件句的谓语中含有were,had或should时，有时可省略if而用把were,had或
should放到主语之前的倒装句。
现分别举例如下：
⑴与现在事实相反
IfIknewFrench,Iwouldreadthebookintheoriginal.
IfIwere（WereI）inyourpositionIwouldtellherthetruth.
⑵与过去事实相反
Ifyouhad（Hadyou）eafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavecaughtthetrain.
⑶与将来事实相反或表示推测
Ifhecametomorrow,Imighthavetimetoseehim.
Ifitwere（Wereit）torainnextSunday,thematchwouldbepostponed.
Ifweshould（Shouldwe）failagain,wewouldn'tlosecourage.
2．IntheThat-Clauses（用于that从句中）
⑴wish后的宾语从句
a.所希望的事与wish同时发生，从句用过去时，如：
Iwishyoudidn'tsmoketoomuch.
b.所希望的事在wish之前发生，从句用过去完成时，如：
IwishIhadpaidmoreattentiontomyspelling.
c.所希望的事在wish之后发生，表示忠告或请求等，从句一般用would＋动词原形，如：
Hewisheswewouldhelphiminthework.
⑵在表示愿望、请求、建议、打算、命令等意义的词，如suggest,mand,demand,
decide,propose,order,remend,request,require,desire,insist,urge等后的宾语
从句中，以及这些词用于被动语态的主语从句中，都用（should+）动词原形，如：
Hesuggestedthatthemeeting（should）beheldatonce.
ItisdesiredthatTom（should）geteverythingreadybyteno'clock.
⑶上述动词转化或派生的名词以及idea,notion,nowonder,ashame,apity等后的表语
从句，主语从句或同位语从句中也用（should+）动词原形，如：
Ourdecisionisthattheschoolremainclosed.
It'sapitythathe（should）callblackwhite.
Hemadearequestthatthenewelectronicinstrument（should）betestedatonce.
⑷在Itisnecessary（important,desirable,essential,amazing,strange,urgent,vital,
natural,unusual,possible）,etc.后的主语从句中也用（should+）动词原形，如：
Itisnecessarythattheproblem（should）besolvedatonce.
3．IntheClausesandConstructions（用于从句和结构中）
⑴asif（though）引导的从句中（谓语形式和wish后从句相同），如：
Hetreatedmeasif（though）Iwereachild.
Heactedasifnothinghadhappened.
⑵在It's（high/about）timethat后的从句中，从句通常用一般过去时，表示"是...时候了"，如：
It'stimeyouwenttobed.
⑶在wouldrather/soonerthat的从句中，从句通常用一般过去时，表示"宁愿"，如：
Iwouldrather（sooner）thatyoustartedtheworkatonce.
⑷用在含有without,butfor,intheabsenceof等介词或介词短语的句中，表示"要不是"，
句子谓语形式和wish后的从句相同，如：
Without（Butfor,Intheabsenceof）therain,weshouldhavehadapleasantjourney.
2019-2020年高中英语Unit4Learningefficiently（Part1）--Period3UsingLanguage
Aims
TohelpstudentsreadthepassageHOWDOYOULEARNBEST?
Tohelpstudentstousethelanguagebyreading,listening,speakingandwriting
Procedures
I.WarmingupbylearningabouthowtolearnEnglish
⒈Motivation:
BeeapersonwholikestolearnEnglish.
⒉Dictionary:
GetagoodEnglishdictionary.
⒊Nomistakes:
Avoidmistakes.TrytousecorrectEnglishfromthebeginning.
⒋Pronunciation:
LearntopronounceEnglishsounds.Learntounderstandphonetictranscriptionandthephoneticalphabet.
⒌Input:
GetEnglishintoyourheadbyreadingandlisteningtolotsofEnglishsentences.
Reading
Movies
Adventuregames
⒍SuperMemoisaputerprogramthatyoucanusetolearnEnglish.Wehaveuseditfor8yearsandithashelpedusalot.
II.Readingforformsandforthemeaning
ReadthetextHOWDOYOULEARNBEST?
onpage36to:
cut/thesentenceintothoughtgroups,blackenthepredicative,darkentheconnectivesandunderlinealltheusefulexpressions.
HOWDOYOULEARNBEST?
Takethisquiztofindoutwhatkindoflearner/youare.Tickonlythestatements/thatyouthinkresembleyoursituation.
1.Iwouldratherhearabook/onacassette/thanreadit.
2.WhenIamdoingmyhomework,Iliketohearmusic/inthebackground.
3.WhenIgoshopping,Iwouldratherrelyonawrittenlist/thanonmymemory.
4.Ilikeplayingsports/morethanwatchingthem.
5.Itisastruggle/formetokeepmyroom/ordesktidy.
6.Iknowmostofthewords/tothesongs/Ilistento.
7.Itendtoseepictures/inmymind/whenIamreading/orlistening.
8.Ilikereadingstories/morethanlisteningtothem.
9.WhenIamspellingwords,Itryto“see”thewords/inmymind.
10.Iliketalkingonthephone.
11.Iloveworkingwithmyhands/tobuildthings.
12.Ioftendraw/whenIamonthephone.
13.Icanexpressmyself/moreeasily/whenItalk/thanwhenIwrite.
14.Ifindithardtoconcentrate/whentherearealotofpeople/talkingnearme.
15.Iliketofollowamap/ratherthanwritten/orspokendirections.
16.IoftenknowwhatIwanttosay/buthavetroubleexpressingit/inwords.
17.Iread/aslittleaspossible.
18.WhenIremembersomething/thathappenedinthepast,Ioftenseepicturesofit/inmymind.
19.Ilearnaboutsomethingbest/whensomeoneexplainsittome.
20.Ifindithardtoconcentrate/whenpeoplearemovingaroundme/orthingsaremessy.
21.WhenIamspellingdifficultwords,Ioftenwritethemdown/toseeifthey“lookright”.
22.Ifindittiresome/tosit/andconcentrateonanything/foralongtime.Iprefertokeepchangingactivities.
23.Iusuallyrememberpeople’snames/butIoftenforgettheirfaces.
24.Iusuallyrememberpeople’sfaces/butIamoftenvagueabouttheirnames.
25.Irememberthings/inalist/best/ifIsaythemtomyself.
26.Iprefertobeshownwhattodo/ratherthanbetold.
27.WhenIamgivingdirections,Ihaveatendency/tomovemybody/and/orhands/asIspeak.
28.WhenIamspellingdifficultwords,Ioftensoundthemout/asIwritethemdown.
29.Ilikeart/morethanmusic.
30.Ienjoyreading.
31.WhenIamtryingtosolveaproblem,Iliketoconsultsomeoneelse/aboutit.
32.WhenIamlearningtospellwords,Iwritethemdown/againandagain/untilIknowthem.
Now/followtheinstructionsbelow/tofindoutwhatkindoflearner/youare.
Inthetable/circlethenumbers/thatmatchthestatements/youticked.Then/addupthenu
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