虚拟语气 与事实相反要用虚拟语气.docx
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虚拟语气与事实相反要用虚拟语气
虚拟语气与事实相反,要用虚拟语气
虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议,而不表示客观存在的事实。
虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示,对虚拟语气在各种句式中的用法介绍如下:
A).条件从句的虚拟语气
条件从句的谓语动词
主句的谓语动词
与现在事实相反
be---were/动词---过去式
would/should/might/could+do
与过去事实相反
过去完成式
would/should/might/could+havedone
与将来事实相反
wereto/should+do/
动词---过去式
would/should/might/could+do
Eg.如果我是你,我就不看电视了.
IfIwereyou,Ishould/wouldnotwatchTV.
如果我做完家庭作业,我就去参加晚会.
IfIdid/haddonemyhomework,Iwouldgo/havegonetotheparty.
如果你昨天晚上不看电视,就不会迟到了.
Ifyouhadn’tgonetothecinema,youwouldnothavebeenlateforclass.
如果你努力地学习的话,你就会考试及格了。
Ifyouhadstudiedharder,youwouldhavepassedtheexam.
Theplantsinourgarden__________betterifithadnotrainedsomuchlastyear.
A.hadgrownB.wouldhavegrownC.weregrowingD.wouldgrow
Note:
a).条件从句中if的省略,要倒装
如果条件从句的谓语动词包含有were或助动词、情态动词had,should,could,有时可将连词if省去,而将条件从句的主语置于were,had,should,could之后。
这种用法主要用于书面语,如:
a.与现在相反:
IfIwereyou(=WereIyou),Iwouldgowithhim.
b.与过去相反:
IfIhadhadtimethen(=HadIhadtimethen),Iwouldhavegonewithyou.
c.与将来相反:
IfIweretovisit/shouldvisit/visitedtheGreatWalltomorrow,(=WereIto/ShouldIvisittheGreatWalltomorrow),Iwouldtakemysonwithme.
注意:
在否定句中not不可提至主语前,如:
(误)Weren’tIherenow,Iwouldbeinthebus.
(正)WereInotherenow,Iwouldbeinthebus.
b).without可以代替条件从句
Eg.没有水和空气,我们就不能生存。
Wewouldnotlivewithoutwaterorair.
c)混合虚拟条件句
如果条件从句的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生,主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别根据各自所表示的时间加以调整。
这种句子叫做混合虚拟条件句。
如:
Ifhehadfollowedmyadvice,hewouldbequiteallrightnow.(从句述说过去,主句述说现在)
IfChinahadnotbeenliberated,theworkingpeoplewouldstillbeleadingamiserablelife.(从句表示与过去的事实相反,主句说明与现在的事实相反)
d)省略主句,只保留if(only)的条件句
虚拟条件句中的表示结果的主句有时形式上可以省略,但意义仍然存在。
这
种句子只保留一个if(only)条件从句,表达说话人的强烈愿望。
如:
If(only)she
weremysister!
她是我的妹妹就好了!
e)用but或butfor引导含蓄条件句(but后跟从句,butfor后跟短语:
假如没有,要不是)
Butforyourhelp,ourexperimentwouldn’thavebeensosuccessful.
假如没有你们的帮助,我们的实验是不会如此成功的。
Butforthestorm,weshouldhavearrivedearlier.
要不是碰到暴雨我们会到得早一些。
Wewouldhaveinvitedthemtothedance,buttheyweretoobusy.
要不是他们太忙,我们会邀请他们来参加舞会的。
此句可改写为:
Iftheyhadnotbeensobusy,wewouldhaveinvitedthemtothedance.
Butthatheisinhospital,Hewouldgoabroadforhissummervacation.
要不是生病住院,他就出国度暑假了。
该句可改写为:
Ifhewereintinhospital,hewouldgoabroadforhissummervacatiom.
f)"If only ..."这是一种特殊句式结构
一、"Ifonly..."用于感叹句中,是一个保留条件句,省略了主句的形式。
用来表示某人对某事的一种强烈愿望或未实现的条件,其意为"但愿……;真希望……;要是……就好了"。
常用于虚拟语气的谓语动词形式。
If only she were my sister!
如果她是我姐姐该多好啊!
(=How fine it would be if she were my sister!
)
"If only..."引导的从句谓语动词形式分以下几种:
1. If only后常接一般过去时,表示对现在的一种难以实现的愿望。
如:
1)If only I had that book!
我要是有那本书就好了。
=How fine it would be if only I had the book (but I haven't the book).
2)If only I were younger!
要是我年轻点儿就好了!
=How fine it would be if only I were younger!
(but I am not younger)
3)If only my mother were here now!
要是我母亲现在在这儿就好了。
(but she isn't here now)
4)How fine it would be if only they could find a way to get to the room!
他们要是能够找到一条通道进入那个房间该多好啊!
2.Ifonly后常接过去完成时,表示过去没有实现的愿望。
如:
1) If only you had worked with greater care!
你当时干活时要是再认真些就好了!
(but you didn't work with greater care)
2) If only we had arrived in time, we would not have missed the train!
要是我们及时赶到,就不
会误车了。
(but we didn't arrive in time)
3. If only后常用过去将来时表示将来不大可能实现的愿望。
如:
If only she would win!
但愿她能赢!
二、Ifonly有时也可引导陈述语气的真实条件句,意思为"只要……"。
If only it clears up, we'll go. 只要天一放晴,我们就去。
与此句型容易混淆的还有一种结构"onlyif...",only置于if前表示强调if条件,意为"只要……",用于引导陈述语气的真实条件句。
Only if you study hard, you will pass the test. 只要你努力学习,就会通过考试。
B).宾语从句的虚拟语气
a).wish+宾语从句与现在/将来事实相反谓语动词---be---were/动词---过去式
与过去事实相反过去完成式
eg.IwishIwereabirdflyingfreelyinthesky.
Iwishyoupassedtheentranceexam.
Iwishyouhadn’tbeenabsentyesterday.
b).表示请求,命令,建议的动词后(一坚持(insist),二命令(order,command),三建议(suggest,propose,advise),四要求(demand,require,request,ask)
谓语动词---(should)+do
eg.我们建议她去看医生。
Wesuggestedthatshe(should)gotoseeadoctor.
例外情况:
suggestion,insist后从句中不用虚拟语气的问题.
suggest作为“表明,暗示”时,不用虚拟语气
insist作为“坚持认为”时,不用虚拟语气
eg.Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathesucceededinthetask.
我们坚持他应该去看医生。
(坚持要sb做)
Weinsistedthathe(should)gotoseeadoctor.
WeinsistedthatoldLiwasanadvancedworkerinourcompany.
Jane'spalefacesuggestedthatsheillandherparentssuggestedthatshe______amedicalexamination.
A.be;shouldhaveB.was;haveC.shouldbe;hadD.was;has
C).主语从句的虚拟语气
Itisimportant/necessary/strange+that+主+(should)do.
Eg.Itisnecessarythatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguagetofindagoodjob.
D).状语从句的虚拟语气
a).方式从句与现在/将来事实相反谓语动词---be---were/动词---过去式
与过去事实相反谓语动词---过去完成式
eg.她很悲伤仿佛整个世界都背叛了她。
Shefeltupsetandsadasif/asthoughthewholeworldhadturnedagainsther.
b).让步从句与现在/将来事实相反谓语动词---be---were/动词---过去式
与过去事实相反谓语动词---过去完成式
eg.即使他向我道歉,我也不会原谅他。
Evenif/Eventhoughheapologizedtome,Iwouldn’tpardonhim.
E).itis(high,about)time+从句的虚拟语气从句应该用虚拟语气,值得注意的是
1.用过去时态表示虚拟.
Or2.should+动词原形,should不能省.常译为"是(正是)...的时侯..."
Itis(high,about)timefor+sth.
forsbtodo.
that+clause(谓语动词---be---were/动词用过去时或should+V)
eg.我们该回家了.Itistime(that)wewent/shouldgohome.
1Hesuggestedthatthemeeting putoff.
A.notbe B.shouldnot C.wouldn’t D.benot
2Whatwouldhavehappenedifyou herchild?
A.hadn’thelped B.couldn’thelp C.wouldn’thelp D.didn’thelp
3Itisstrangethathe so.
A.thinks B.think C.thought D.willthink
4IfI withherlastsummer,I withhernow.
A. worked…amgettingonverywell B. hadworked…wouldgetonverywell
C. hadworked…wouldhavegotonverywell D. hadworked…willgetonverywell
5IwishI myuncleyesterday.
A.met B.havemet C.wouldmeet D.hadmet
6Theoldprofessorgaveordersthattheexperiment before6.
A.wasfinished B.willfinish C.befinished D.shallbefinished
7It’shightimehe home.
A.goes B.went C.willgo D.isgoingtogo
8 yousucceedand youbehealthy.
A.May…may B.Wish…wish C.Hope…hope D.Should…may
9Galileoinsistedthattheearth roundthesun.
A.shouldmove B.move C.moves D.AorB
10Iwasverybusyyesterday,otherwiseI tothemeeting.
A.came B.wouldcome C.hadcome D.wouldhavecome
11Supposingtheweather bad,wherewouldtheygo?
A.willbe B.is C.were D.be
12 yourletter,Iwouldhavestartedofftwodaysago.
A.IfIreceived B.ShouldIreceive C.IfIcouldhavereceived D.HadIreceived
13IfonlyI tomyparents’advice!
A.listening B.listen C.amlistening D.hadlistened
14Ifit rainnextweek,thefarmerscouldstillhaveagoodharvest.
A.should B.could C.would D.might
15---Whydidn’tyoucometothepartyyesterday?
---I ,butanunexpectedvisitorcametoseeme.
A.did B.would C.had D.wasgoingto
16I’dratheryou methenews.
A.nottell B.nottotell C.didn’ttell D.hadn’ttold
17I tostaythereforonemoreweek,butIchangedmymind.
A.wouldhavehoped B.washoping C.hadhoped D.hoped
18Hissilenceatthemeetingsuggestedthathe toyourplan.
A.shouldn’tagree B.wouldn’tagree C.hadn’tagreed D.didn’tagree
19He thejobwell,buthe socareless.
A.hadn’tdone,hadbeen B.couldhavedone,was
C.coulddo,was D.haddone,hadbeen
20LiLingactedthatwayasthoughhe aforeigner.
A.were B.hadbeen C.shouldbe D.is
Keys:
1-5AABBD 6-10CBACD 11-15CDDAD 16-20CCDBA
一.非谓语动词
1.非谓语动词的种类
A.不定式p.127
a.不定式的基本特征:
主动形式
被动形式
一般式
(not)todo
(not)tobedone
完成式
(not)tohavedone
(not)tohavebeendone
进行式
(not)tobedoing
完成进行
(not)tohavebeendoing
动词不定式的否定形式是由not或never加不定式构成。
可以充当:
主语、表语、定语、宾语、状语、补足语。
动词不定式由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。
1、Good-bye,Mr.Wang.I’mpleased_____you.
A.tomeet B.meeting C.tohavebeenmeeting D.tobemetA
2、Encouragementthroughpraiseisthemosteffectivemethodofgettingpeople_____theirbest.
A.do B.todo C.doing D.doneB
动词不定式的被动式
当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的对象时(或动作的承受者时),不定式一般要用被动式。
1、Theability_____isveryimportantforanyspeaker.
A.tohearclearly B.tobeclearlyheard
C.tohearingclearly D.tobeingclearlyheardB。
2、Mr.andMrs.Smithdidn’texpectthehouse_____sowell.
A.tobedecorated B.todecorate C.bedecorated D.decoratingA
动词不定式的复合结构
如需指出不定式动作的发出者时(即逻辑主语时)要在不定式前用for加名词(或代词)表示。
1、Itwasverydifficult_____metolearnSpanish.
A.of B.to C.with D.for D
2、Itisnecessary_____thepapers