英语专业四级阅读明白得.docx

英语专业四级阅读明白得.docx

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英语专业四级阅读明白得

2010年英语专业四级阅读明白得

TextA

Whatisthenatureofthescientificattitude,theattitudeofthemanorwomanwhostudiesandappliesphysics,chemistry,geology,engineering,medicaloranyotherscience?

Weallknowthatscienceplaysanimportantroleinthesocietiesinwhichwelive.Manypeoplebelieve,however,thatourprogressdependsontwodifferentaspectsofscience.Thefirstoftheseistheapplicationofthemachinesandproductsthatscientistsandtechnologistsdevelop.Newdrugs,fasterandsafermeansoftransport,newsystemsofappliedknowledgearesomeexamplesofthisaspectofscience.

Thesecondaspectistheapplicationofthespecialmethodsofthoughtandactionthatscientistsuseintheirwork.Whatarethesespecialmethodsofthinkingandacting?

Firstofall,itseemsthatasuccessfulscientistisfullofcuriosity—hewantstofindouthowandwhytheuniverseworks.Heusuallydirectshisattentiontowardsproblemswhichhenoticeshavenosatisfactoryexplanation,andhiscuriositymakeshimlookforunderlyingrelationshipsevenifthedataavailableseemtobeunconnected.Moreover,hethinkshecanimprovetheexistingconditions,whetherofpureorappliedknowledge,andenjoystryingtosolvetheproblemswhichthisinvolves.

Heisagoodobserver,accurate,patientandobjectiveandappliespersistentandlogicalthoughttotheobservationshemakes.Heutilizesthefactsheobservestothefullextent.Forexample,trainedobserversobtainaverylargeamountofinformationaboutastarmainlyfromtheaccurateanalysisofthesimplelinesthatappearinaspectrum.

Heisskeptical—hedoesnotacceptstatementswhicharenotbasedonthemostcompleteevidenceavailable—andthereforerejectsauthorityasthesolebasisfortruth.

Furthermore,heisnotonlycriticaloftheworkofothers,butalsoofhisown.Sinceheknowsthatmanistheleastreliableofscientificinstrumentsandthatanumberoffactorstendtodisturbobjectiveinvestigation.

Lastly,heishighlyimaginativesinceheoftenhastolookforrelationshipsindata,whicharenotonlycomplexbutalsofrequentlyincomplete.Furthermore,heneedsimaginationifhewantstomakehypothesesofhowprocessesworkandhoweventstakeplace.

Theseseemtobesomeofthewaysinwhichasuccessfulscientistortechnologistthinksandacts.

81.Manypeoplebelievethatsciencehelpssocietytoprogressthrough.

A.appliedknowledgeB.morethanoneaspect

C.technologyonlyD.theuseofmachines

82.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECTaboutcuriosity?

A.Itgivesthescientistconfidenceandpleasureinwork.

B.Itgivesrisetointerestinproblemthatareunexplained.

C.Itleadstoeffortstoinvestigatepotentialconnections.

D.Itencouragesthescientiststolookfornewwaysofacting.

83.Accordingtothepassage,asuccessfulscientistwouldnot.

A.easilybelieveinuncheckedstatements

B.easilycriticizeothers’researchwork

C.alwaysusehisimaginationinwork

D.alwaysuseevidencefromobservation

84.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

A.Applicationoftechnology.

B.Progressinmodernsociety.

C.Scientists’wayofthinkingandacting.

D.Howtobecomeasuccessfulscientist.

85.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthetopic?

A.Critical.B.Objective.C.Biased.D.Unclear.

TextB

Overthepastseveraldecades,the.,Canada,andEuropehavereceivedagreatdealofmediaandevenresearchattentionoverunusualphenomenaandunsolvedmysteries.TheseincludeUFOsaswellassightingsandencounterswith“nonhumancreatures”suchasBigfootandtheLochNessmonster.OnlyrecentlyhasLatinAmericabeguntoreceivesomeattentionaswell.AlthoughthemysteriesoftheAztec,Mayan,andIncacivilizationshavebeenknownforcenturies,nowthepublicisalsobecomingawareofunusual,paranormalphenomenaincountriessuchasPeru.

TheNazca“lines”ofPeruwerediscoveredinthe1930s.Theselinesaredeeplycarvedintoaflat,stonyplain,andformabout300intricatepicturesofanimalssuchasbirds,amonkey,andalizard.Seenatgroundlevel,thedesignsareajumbledsenselessmess.Theimagesaresolargethattheycanonlybeviewedataheightof1,000feet—meaningfromanaircraft.Yettherewerenoaircraftin300.,whenitisjudgedthedesignsweremade.Norweretherethen,oraretherenow,anynearbymountainrangesfromwhichtoviewthem.SohowandwhydidthenativepeopleofNazcacreatethesemarvelousdesigns?

Oneanswerappearedin1969,whentheGermanresearcherandwriterErichvonDanikenproposedthatthelinesweredrawnbyextraterrestrialsasrunwaysfortheiraircraft.ThescientificcommunitydidnottakelongtoscoffatandabandonvonDaniken’stheory.Overtheyearsseveralothertheorieshavebeenputforth,butnonehasbeenacceptedbythescientificcommunity.

TodaythereisanewandheightenedinterestintheNazcalines.ItisadirectresultofthecreationoftheInternet.Currentlythereareover60sitesdedicatedtothismysteryfromLatinAmerica’spast,andevenrespectedscientistshavejoinedthediscussionthroughe-mailandchatrooms.

WilltheInternethelpexplaintheseunsolvedmysteries?

Perhapsitisastepintherightdirection.

86.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT?

A.LatinAmericahaslongreceivedattentionforunusualphenomena.

B.PublicattentionisnowdirectedtowardscountrieslikePeru.

C.PublicinterestusuallyfocusesonNorthAmericaandEurope.

D.Someancientcivilizationshaveunsolvedmysteries.

87.Accordingtothepassage,theNazcalineswerefound.

A.inmountainsB.instonesC.onanimalsD.onaplain

88.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatthehigherthelinesareseen,thetheimagestheypresent.

A.smallerB.largerC.clearerD.brighter

89.TherehasbeenincreasinginterestintheNazcalinesmainlybecauseof______.

A.theparticipationofscientistsB.theemergenceoftheInternet

C.thebirthofnewtheoriesD.theinterestintheInternet

90.TheauthorisabouttheroleoftheInternetinsolvingmysteries.

A.cautiousB.pessimisticC.uncertainD.optimistic

TextC

Graduationspeechesareabitlikeweddingtoasts.Afewarememorable.Theresttendtotriggersuchthoughtsas,“WhydidIwearsuchuncomfortableshoes?

”

Butgraduationspeechesarelessaboutthemessagethanthemessenger.EveryyearafewcollegesanduniversitiesintheUSattractattentionbecausethey’vemanagedtobookhigh-profilespeakers.And,everyyear,themediareportsomeofthesespeakers’wiseremarks.

Lastmonth,thefollowingwordsofwisdomwerespread:

“Youreallyhaven’tcompletedthecircleofsuccessunlessyoucanhelpsomebodyelsemoveforward.”（OprahWinfrey,DukeUniversity）.

“Thereisnowaytostopchange;changewillcome.Gooutandgiveusafutureworthyoftheworldweallwishtocreatetogether.”（HillaryClinton,NewYorkUniversity）.

“Thisreallyisyourmoment.Historyisyourstobend.”（JoeBiden,WakeForestUniversity）.Ofcourse,thereal“get”ofthegraduationseasonwasfirstladyMichelleObama’sappearanceattheUniversityofCalifornia,Merced.“Rememberthatyouareblessed,”shetoldtheclassof2009,“Rememberthatinexchangeforthoseblessings,youmustgivesomething

back...AsadvocateandactivistMarianWrightEdelmansays,’Serviceistherentwepayforliving...itisthetruemeasure,theonlymeasureofsuccess’.”

Callstoservicehavealong,richtraditioninthesespeeches.However,itispossibleforagraduationspeechtogobeyondclicheandsaysomethingtrulycompelling.ThelatewriterDavidFosterWallace’s2005graduationspeechatKenyonCollegeinOhiotalkedabouthowtotrulycareaboutotherpeople.ItgainedsomethingofacultafteritwaswidelycirculatedontheInternet.AppleComputerCEOSteveJobs’addressatStanfordUniversitythatyear,inwhichhetalkedaboutdeath,isalsoconsideredoneofthebestinrecentmemory.

Butwhenyou’resittinginthehotsun,fidgetyandfreakedout,doyoureallywanttobelecturedaboutthebigstuff?

Isn’tthatliketryingtomaintainasmileatyourweddingreceptionwhilesomerelativegivesatoastthatamountsto“marriageishardwork”?

Youknowhe’sright;youjustdon’twanttothinkaboutitatthatparticularmoment.Infact,asisthecaseinmanymajorlifemoments,youcan’treallymanagetothinkbeyondtheblistersyournewshoesarecausing.

Thatmayseemanticlimactic.Butitalsogetstotheheartofoneoflife’sgreatest,saddesttruths:

thatourmost“memorable”occasionsmayelicitthefewestmemories.It’sprobablynotsomethingmostgraduationspeakerswouldsay,butit’soneofthefirstlessonsofgrowingup.

91.Accordingtothepassage,mostgraduationspeechestendtorecall______memories.

A.greatB.trivialC.unforgettableD.unimaginative

92.“Butgraduationspeechesarelessaboutthemessagethanthemessenger”isexplained______.

A.inthefinalparagraph.B.inthelastbutoneparagraph.

C.inthefirstparagraph.D.inthesameparagraph.

93.ThegraduationspeechesmentionedinthepassagearerelatedtothefollowingthemesEXCEPT______.

A.death.B.success.C.service.D.generosity.

94.Itisimpliedinthepassagethatatgreatmomentspeoplefailto______.

A.remainclear-headed.B.keepgoodmanners.

C.rememberothers’words.D.recollectspecificdetails.

95.Whatis“oneofthefirstlessonsofgrowingup”?

A.Attendingagraduationceremony.

B.Listeningtograduationspeeches.

C.Forgettingdetailsofmemorableevents.

D.Meetinghigh-profilegraduationspeakers.

TextD

Culturalrulesdetermineeveryaspectoffoodconsumption.Whoeatstogetherdefinessocialunits.Forexample,insomeso