学年高中英语Unit6HelpingPeoplePeriodThreeGrammar练习.docx
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学年高中英语Unit6HelpingPeoplePeriodThreeGrammar练习
PeriodThree Grammar&Writing
语法精析
一、被动语态的特殊结构形式
1.带情态动词的被动结构。
其形式为:
情态动词+be+过去分词。
Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebabysitter.
2.有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。
通常变为主语的是间接宾语。
Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.可改为:
Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.
3.当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,将动词变为“be+过去分词”形式,其余不动。
Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.可改为:
Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.
4.在使役动词have,make,let以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补足语时,在主动结构中不定式to要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加to。
Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改为:
Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.
5.有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“动词+介词”,“动词+副词”等,也可以用于被动结构,但要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开。
其中的介词或副词也不能省略。
ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.
注意 含有“动词+名词+介词”(如makeuseof,payattentionto,takecareof等)的主动句变为被动句时,有两种方法:
一是把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语;二是把固定动词短语中的名词变为被动句的主语。
Youshouldpayattentiontoyourpronunciation.可改为:
Yourpronunciationshouldbepaidattentionto.
或Attentionshouldbepaidtoyourpronunciation.
6.构成被动语态的助动词除了be之外,还可用get。
Hewasknockeddownbyacarandgotkilled.
二、主动形式表示被动意义
1.英语中有很多动词如break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物,后面常跟着一个副词。
Thiskindofclothwasheswell.
注意 主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。
试比较:
Thedoorwon’tlock.这扇门锁不上。
(指门本身有毛病)
Thedoorwon’tbelocked.门不会锁的。
(指“门没有锁”是人的原因)
2.系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词如feel,sound,taste,look,appear,seem,prove等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
Yourreasonsoundsreasonable.
3.在need,want,require,deserve等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
Thehouseneedsrepairing(toberepaired).
4.形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式。
Thepicturebookiswellworthreading.
5.动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间有动宾关系,又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系时,用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon.(todo与things是动宾关系,与I是主谓关系。
)
试比较:
I’llgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealettertobeposted?
(此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。
)
6.在某些“形容词+不定式”作表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语,这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。
这些形容词有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。
Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.(可看作toworkout前省略了forme)
7.在too...to...结构中,不定式前面可加逻辑主语,所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。
Thisbookistooexpensive(forme)tobuy.
[即时跟踪]
1.将用被动语态改写下列句子
(1)Theygavemealotofhelp.
Iwasgivenalotofhelp(bythem)./Alotofhelpwasgiventome(bythem).
(2)Myfatherboughtmeamobilephone.
Iwasboughtamobilephonebymyfather./Amobilephonewasboughtformebymyfather.
(3)Isawmanychildrenplayingontheplayground.
Manychildrenwereseenplayingontheplayground.
(4)Heorderedmetofinishtheworkinanhour.
Iwasorderedtofinishtheworkinanhour.
(5)Wecanturnoilintoenergybyburningit.
Oilcanbeturnedintoenergybybeingburned.
2.单句改错
(1)Mydeskmateoftenmakessomesillymistakesandislaughedbytherestoftheclass.laughed后加at
(2)Greatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinourhometown.去掉been
(3)Themissinggirlwaslastseenplaynearthegarden.play→playing
(4)Abookwasgivenhimasagift.him前加to
(5)Thehouseisbelongedtomygrandfather.isbelonged→belongs
3.用所给词的适当形式完成短文
LinGuangzhaoisastudentatShenzhenYucaiSchool.Thesedays,whenhearrivesatorleavesschool,hisparentsknowitatonce.
(1)IsLinbeingwatched(watch)byhisparents?
ThesecretisasmallcardLinuses.Thebluecard
(2)looks(look)likenothingspecial,butit’sactuallyasmartcard.Lin’sname,studentnumber,bloodtypeandhispicture(3)havebeen/areprinted(print)onit.
“Whenkidspunchthecard(打卡)attheschoolgate,acellphonemessage(4)willbesent(send)totheirparents,”explainsaschoolsecurityguard(保安).“Themessageislike:
DearMumandDad,I(5)havearrived(arrive).”
Thesesmartcards(6)havebeenused(use)inabout10Shenzhenschoolssofar.Schools(7)hope(hope)thecard(8)willmake(make)studentssafer.
Thecard(9)hasbeenwelcomed(welcome)byallparentsbutsomestudentssinceitwasused.SomestudentslikeMaiMin,16,areuncomfortableaboutthecards.“Iusedtoplaysportsafterschool.Butnowwiththecard,Ihavetocallmyparentstotellthemaboutiteverytime.IfeelthatI(10)havebeencontrolled(control)bythecard.”
高考链接
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1.Inmyhometown,thereisalwaysaharvestsupperforthefarmersafterallthewheathasbeencut(cut).(2015·重庆,3)
2.Ihadastrongdesiretoreachinandplaywiththetoy,butwasheld(hold)backthankfullybytheshopwindow.(2015·湖南,32)
3.Therearestillmanyproblemstobesolved(solve)beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.(2014·北京,28)
4.Whilewaitingfortheopportunitytogetpromoted(promote),Henrydidhisbesttoperformhisduty.(2014·安徽,32)
5.Forthosewithfamilymembersfaraway,thepersonalcomputerandthephoneareimportantinstayingconnected(connect).(2014·福建,30)
6.Thefilmstarwearssunglasses.Therefore,hecangoshoppingwithoutbeingrecognized(recognize).(2014·北京,35)
7.We’vehadagoodstart,butnext,moreworkneedstobedone/doing(do)toachievethefinalsuccess.(2012·湖南,21)
8.Foodsuppliesinthefloodstrickenareaarerunningout(runout).Wemustactimmediatelybeforethere’sleft.(2012·重庆,27)
9.Thismachineisveryeasytooperate(operate).Anybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.(2012·辽宁,29)
10.Mum,IwaswonderingifyoucouldlendmeafewdollarsuntilIgetpaid(pay)onFriday.(2012·辽宁,35)
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有一处错误)
1.TeainChinawastraditionallydrankfromcupswithouthandles.(2013·新课标全国Ⅱ,短文改错)
drank→drunk
2.NowmyfriendAnn,togetherwithme,isgoingtodofieldstudyandthefindingswillbeuseasmaterialsforourresearch.(2012·重庆,短文改错)
use→used
常用句式
1.Thankyouverymuch.
2.Thanksalot.
3.Manythanks.
4.Thankyouforyourhelp.
5.Iappreciateyourhelp.
6.Thanksforlistening.
7.It’sverykindofyou(tohelpme).
8.It’smostthoughtfulofyou.
9.Idon’tknowhowIcanthankyouenough.
10.Manythanksforyourcominghere.
典例展示
假设你是李华,作为选派的交流生在美国某中学学习了一年,其间寄住在Mr.Brown家里,现在刚回到国内。
回国后你发现自己的一本英语词典遗忘在他家,因此需要给他写一封信,请他帮助寄回词典。
信的主要内容如下:
1.感谢在美国期间他所提供的帮助;
2.一本英语词典忘记带回;
3.词典是美国老师送的,非常珍贵;
4.词典很可能丢在卧室的书架上;
5.邮资自己付。
注意:
1.词数100左右;
2.信的格式已给出,不计入总词数。
DearMr.Brown,
Yours,
LiHua
参考词汇:
邮资postage
联想词汇
1.帮某人一个忙dosb.afavor
2.把……遗漏leave...behind
佳作背诵
DearMr.Brown,
I’mnowsafelybackhome.ThankyouverymuchforallthekindnessIgotfromyouduringmystay.Hopeeverythingisfinewithyouthere.
NowIwonderwhetheryoucoulddomeafavor.WhenIcameback,IsuddenlyrealizedthatIhadleftmyEnglishdictionarybehindinyourhome.ItisaratherpreciousgiftthatmyAmericanteachergavetome.Wouldyoupleasebesokindtosenditbacktome?
I’llpayforthepostage.ThedictionarymustbeonthebookshelfinthebedroomIlivedin.Itistheonewitharedcover.
Thankyouagainandgivemybestregardstoyourfamily.
Yours,
LiHua
Ⅰ.用被动语态合并下列句子
1.Theteammembershavetoworktogether.That’swhatthebosstoldthem.
Theteammembersweretoldtoworktogether.
2.Theoldmanwaswanderingaroundthestreets.Thepolicefoundhim.
Theoldmanwasfoundwanderingaroundthestreets.
3.Theworkershaveacceptedlowerwages.Thecompanyhaspersuadedthem.
Theworkershavebeenpersuadedtoacceptlowerwages.
4.Twoyoungmenwerefighting.Wesawthem.
Twoyoungmenwereseenfighting.
5.Thevictimsmaytakelegalaction.That’swhattheirlawyershaveadvisedthem.
Thevictimshavebeenadvisedtotakelegalaction.
6.Thechildrenhadtopickupallthelitter.Theteachermadethemdoit.
Thechildrenweremadetopickupallthelitter.
7.Thewomanwassmugglingcigarettesintothecountry.Customsofficerscaughther.
Thewomanwascaughtsmugglingcigarettesintothecountry.
8.Therefugeescan’tgetajob.Thegovernmentwon’tletthem.
Therefugeesaren’tallowedtogetajob.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
“Toanotherlittlegirl.”
That’swhat3yearoldArianaofWinterport,MainesaidwhenherfatherJoshSmithaskedwhereherdonated(捐赠的)hairwasgoingtogo.Itwasthenthatthedadoftworealizedhisyoungdaughterhadaheartthatwastoobigforwords.
“Irunacharity(慈善机构)calledExtraLifewhereIplayvideogamestohelpraisemoneyforkids,”hesaid.“Arianahappenedtobesittingnexttomewhenavideowasplaying,showingalittlegirlwhowasbald,lyinginahospitalbedwithtubesinher.”Whentheirdaughtergotcurious,SmithandhiswifeCrystalexplainedhowmedicinemadethechildinthevideoloseherhair.
“Withoutasecondthought,Arianasaid,‘Oh,well,shecanhavesomeofmyhair,’”Smithsaid,“That’swhenmywifetoldmethattherearemanyorganizationsthatwecoulddonateitto.”TheSmithschose“LocksofLove”tosendAriana’sgenerousgifttoachildwithmedicalhairloss.
Aweeklater,Arianawastakentothefamilyhairdresserwhere10incheswascutfromherhair.
“Itwasherfirsthaircut,”SmithtoldABCNews.“Shecouldbesoselflesslikethat.Herfirstreaction(反应)is‘HowaboutmegivingupsomethingthatIhave,soalittlegirlcanfeelpretty?
’”Smithpostedhisdaughter’smovinggestureonhispersonalwebpage,whereithasreceivedalmost645,000viewsinjusttwodays.
“She’lltakeanadultlikeapproach(方式)andit’sreallyamazing,”Smithsaid.“Sheisjustalittlekid,butifsheseessomebodyinneed,shecertainlycaresforthem.ThismadeArianafeelspecialandshe’dcertainlyliketodoitagain.”
9.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeJoshSmith?
A.Brave.B.Easygoing.
C.Warmhearted.D.Determined.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。
根据第二段首句“‘Irunacharity(慈善机构)calledExtraLifewhereIplayvideogamestohelpraisemoneyforkids,’hesaid.”可知JoshSmith管理着一个慈善机构,因此他应该是一个热心的人。
故选C。
10.Arianadecidedtodonateherhairwhen.
A.herfatheradvisedhertodoso
B.shesawasickgirlinavideo
C.shehadherfirsthaircut
D.shevisitedahospital
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。
根据第二段第二句“Arianahappenedtobesittingnexttomewhenavideowasplaying,showingalittlegirlwhowasbald...”以及第三段首句“Withoutasecondthought,Arianasaid,‘Oh,well,shecanhavesomeofmyhair,’”可知,当Ariana在一个视频当中看到一个生病的女孩时,她立即就想捐献自己的头发。
故选B。
11.WhatdoweknowaboutAriana?
A.Shesufferedmedicalhairloss.
B.Herstorydrewwideattentiononline.
C.Shegotlittlesupportfromherparents.
D.Shehascalledonpeopletodonatehairlikeher.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。
根据倒数第二段最后一句“Smithpostedhisdaughter’smovinggestureonhispersonalwebpage,whereithasreceivedalmost645,000viewsinjusttwodays.”可知,Ariana的故事在网上引起了广泛的关注。
故选B。
B
WongFukwing,aHongKongvolunteer(志愿者)atanorphanage(孤儿院)inYushu,waskilledintheearthquakewhenhewastryingtosaveothersonApril14,2010.
Wongmanagedtorunsafelyoutofthebuildingwithsomechildrenwhenthefirstquakehappenedat7:
50amonApril14,buthewentbackinsidetorescuethreeotherchildrenandthreeteachersinside,althoughheknewthedangerofaftershocks(余震).
At10am,allthechildrenandoneoftheteachersweresaved.However,Wongwasburiedunderthefallenbuildinganddied.Theothertwoteacherswerestillwaitingtoberescued.
46yearoldWongwasatruckdriver,whooftensaidhecouldonlygivehiseffortsto