学年高中英语Unit6HelpingPeoplePeriodThreeGrammar练习.docx

1、学年高中英语Unit6HelpingPeoplePeriodThreeGrammar练习Period ThreeGrammar & Writing语法精析一、被动语态的特殊结构形式1带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebabysitter.2有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.可改为：Hewasgivenapresentbyhismot

2、herforhisbirthday.3当“动词宾语宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，将动词变为“be过去分词”形式，其余不动。Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.可改为：Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.4在使役动词have，make，let以及感官动词see，watch，notice，hear，feel，observe等后面不定式作宾语补足语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改为：Astra

3、ngerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.5有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词介词”，“动词副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.注意含有“动词名词介词”(如makeuseof，payattentionto，takecareof等)的主动句变为被动句时，有两种方法：一是把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语；二是把固定动词短语中的名词变为被动句的主语。Youshouldpayattentiontoyourpronunciation.可改为：Yourpron

4、unciationshouldbepaidattentionto.或Attentionshouldbepaidtoyourpronunciation.6构成被动语态的助动词除了be之外，还可用get。Hewasknockeddownbyacarandgotkilled.二、主动形式表示被动意义1英语中有很多动词如break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物，后面常跟着一个副词。Thiskindofclothwasheswell.注意主动语态表被动强

5、调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较：Thedoorwontlock.这扇门锁不上。(指门本身有毛病)Thedoorwontbelocked.门不会锁的。(指“门没有锁”是人的原因)2系动词没有被动形式，但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词如feel，sound，taste，look，appear，seem，prove等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。Yourreasonsoundsreasonable.3在need，want，require，deserve等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。Thehouseneedsrepai

6、ring(toberepaired)4形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式。Thepicturebookiswellworthreading.5动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系时，用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon.(todo与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。)试比较：Illgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealettertobeposted？(此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)

7、6在某些“形容词不定式”作表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.(可看作toworkout前省略了forme)7在too.to.结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。Thisbookistooexpensive (forme) tobuy.即时跟踪1将用被动语态改写下列句子(1)They

8、gavemealotofhelp.Iwasgivenalotofhelp(bythem)/Alotofhelpwasgiventome(bythem)(2)Myfatherboughtmeamobilephone.Iwasboughtamobilephonebymyfather./Amobilephonewasboughtformebymyfather.(3)Isawmanychildrenplayingontheplayground.Manychildrenwereseenplayingontheplayground.(4)Heorderedmetofinishtheworkinanhour

9、.Iwasorderedtofinishtheworkinanhour.(5)Wecanturnoilintoenergybyburningit.Oilcanbeturnedintoenergybybeingburned.2单句改错(1)Mydeskmateoftenmakessomesillymistakesandislaughedbytherestoftheclass.laughed后加at(2)Greatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinourhometown.去掉been(3)Themissinggirlwaslastseenplaynearthegarden.pl

10、ayplaying(4)Abookwasgivenhimasagift.him前加to(5)Thehouseisbelongedtomygrandfather.isbelongedbelongs3用所给词的适当形式完成短文LinGuangzhaoisastudentatShenzhenYucaiSchool.Thesedays，whenhearrivesatorleavesschool，hisparentsknowitatonce.(1)IsLinbeingwatched(watch) byhisparents?ThesecretisasmallcardLinuses.Thebluecard

11、(2)looks(look) likenothingspecial，butitsactuallyasmartcard.Linsname，studentnumber，bloodtypeandhispicture (3)havebeen/areprinted(print) onit.“Whenkidspunchthecard(打卡) attheschoolgate，acellphonemessage (4)willbesent(send) totheirparents，”explainsaschoolsecurityguard(保安)“Themessageislike：DearMumandDad，

12、I (5)havearrived(arrive)”Thesesmartcards (6)havebeenused(use) inabout10Shenzhenschoolssofar.Schools (7)hope(hope) thecard (8)willmake(make) studentssafer.Thecard (9)hasbeenwelcomed(welcome) byallparentsbutsomestudentssinceitwasused.SomestudentslikeMaiMin,16，areuncomfortableaboutthecards.“Iusedtoplay

13、sportsafterschool.Butnowwiththecard，Ihavetocallmyparentstotellthemaboutiteverytime.IfeelthatI (10)havebeencontrolled(control) bythecard.”高考链接.用所给词的适当形式填空1Inmyhometown，thereisalwaysaharvestsupperforthefarmersafterallthewheathasbeencut(cut)(2015重庆，3)2Ihadastrongdesiretoreachinandplaywiththetoy，butwash

14、eld(hold) backthankfullybytheshopwindow.(2015湖南，32)3Therearestillmanyproblemstobesolved (solve) beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.(2014北京，28)4Whilewaitingfortheopportunitytogetpromoted (promote)，Henrydidhisbesttoperformhisduty.(2014安徽，32)5Forthosewithfamilymembersfaraway，thepersonalcomputerandth

15、ephoneareimportantinstayingconnected(connect)(2014福建，30)6Thefilmstarwearssunglasses.Therefore，hecangoshoppingwithoutbeingrecognized (recognize)(2014北京，35)7Wevehadagoodstart，butnext，moreworkneedstobedone/doing (do) toachievethefinalsuccess.(2012湖南，21)8Foodsuppliesinthefloodstrickenareaarerunningout (

16、runout)Wemustactimmediatelybeforetheresleft.(2012重庆，27)9Thismachineisveryeasytooperate (operate)Anybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.(2012辽宁，29)10Mum，IwaswonderingifyoucouldlendmeafewdollarsuntilIgetpaid (pay) onFriday.(2012辽宁，35).单句改错(每小题仅有一处错误)1TeainChinawastraditionallydrankfromcupswithouthandles.

17、(2013新课标全国，短文改错)drankdrunk2NowmyfriendAnn，togetherwithme，isgoingtodofieldstudyandthefindingswillbeuseasmaterialsforourresearch. (2012重庆，短文改错)useused常用句式1Thankyouverymuch.2Thanksalot.3Manythanks.4Thankyouforyourhelp.5Iappreciateyourhelp.6Thanksforlistening.7Itsverykindofyou (tohelpme)8Itsmostthoughtf

18、ulofyou.9IdontknowhowIcanthankyouenough.10Manythanksforyourcominghere.典例展示假设你是李华，作为选派的交流生在美国某中学学习了一年，其间寄住在Mr.Brown家里，现在刚回到国内。回国后你发现自己的一本英语词典遗忘在他家，因此需要给他写一封信，请他帮助寄回词典。信的主要内容如下：1感谢在美国期间他所提供的帮助；2一本英语词典忘记带回；3词典是美国老师送的，非常珍贵；4词典很可能丢在卧室的书架上；5邮资自己付。注意：1.词数100左右；2信的格式已给出，不计入总词数。DearMr.Brown，Yours，LiHua参考词汇：邮

19、资postage联想词汇1帮某人一个忙dosb.afavor2把遗漏leave.behind佳作背诵DearMr.Brown，Imnowsafelybackhome.ThankyouverymuchforallthekindnessIgotfromyouduringmystay.Hopeeverythingisfinewithyouthere.NowIwonderwhetheryoucoulddomeafavor.WhenIcameback，IsuddenlyrealizedthatIhadleftmyEnglishdictionarybehindinyourhome.Itisaratherp

20、reciousgiftthatmyAmericanteachergavetome.Wouldyoupleasebesokindtosenditbacktome? Illpayforthepostage.ThedictionarymustbeonthebookshelfinthebedroomIlivedin.Itistheonewitharedcover.Thankyouagainandgivemybestregardstoyourfamily.Yours，LiHua.用被动语态合并下列句子1Theteammembershavetoworktogether.Thatswhatthebossto

21、ldthem.Theteammembersweretoldtoworktogether.2Theoldmanwaswanderingaroundthestreets.Thepolicefoundhim.Theoldmanwasfoundwanderingaroundthestreets.3Theworkershaveacceptedlowerwages.Thecompanyhaspersuadedthem.Theworkershavebeenpersuadedtoacceptlowerwages.4Twoyoungmenwerefighting.Wesawthem.Twoyoungmenwer

22、eseenfighting.5Thevictimsmaytakelegalaction.Thatswhattheirlawyershaveadvisedthem.Thevictimshavebeenadvisedtotakelegalaction.6Thechildrenhadtopickupallthelitter.Theteachermadethemdoit.Thechildrenweremadetopickupallthelitter.7Thewomanwassmugglingcigarettesintothecountry.Customsofficerscaughther.Thewom

23、anwascaughtsmugglingcigarettesintothecountry.8Therefugeescantgetajob.Thegovernmentwontletthem.Therefugeesarentallowedtogetajob.阅读理解A“Toanotherlittlegirl.”Thatswhat3yearoldArianaofWinterport，MainesaidwhenherfatherJoshSmithaskedwhereherdonated(捐赠的) hairwasgoingtogo.Itwasthenthatthedadoftworealizedhisy

24、oungdaughterhadaheartthatwastoobigforwords.“Irunacharity(慈善机构) calledExtraLifewhereIplayvideogamestohelpraisemoneyforkids，”hesaid.“Arianahappenedtobesittingnexttomewhenavideowasplaying，showingalittlegirlwhowasbald，lyinginahospitalbedwithtubesinher.”Whentheirdaughtergotcurious，SmithandhiswifeCrystale

25、xplainedhowmedicinemadethechildinthevideoloseherhair.“Withoutasecondthought，Arianasaid，Oh，well，shecanhavesomeofmyhair，”Smithsaid，“Thatswhenmywifetoldmethattherearemanyorganizationsthatwecoulddonateitto.”TheSmithschose“LocksofLove”tosendArianasgenerousgifttoachildwithmedicalhairloss.Aweeklater，Ariana

26、wastakentothefamilyhairdresserwhere10incheswascutfromherhair.“Itwasherfirsthaircut，”SmithtoldABCNews.“Shecouldbesoselflesslikethat.Herfirstreaction(反应) isHowaboutmegivingupsomethingthatIhave，soalittlegirlcanfeelpretty？”Smithpostedhisdaughtersmovinggestureonhispersonalwebpage，whereithasreceivedalmost

27、645,000viewsinjusttwodays.“Shelltakeanadultlikeapproach(方式) anditsreallyamazing，”Smithsaid.“Sheisjustalittlekid，butifsheseessomebodyinneed，shecertainlycaresforthem.ThismadeArianafeelspecialandshedcertainlyliketodoitagain.”9WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeJoshSmith?ABrave. BEasygoing.CWarmhearted.

28、DDetermined.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第二段首句“Irunacharity(慈善机构) calledExtraLifewhereIplayvideogamestohelpraisemoneyforkids，hesaid.”可知JoshSmith管理着一个慈善机构，因此他应该是一个热心的人。故选C。10Arianadecidedtodonateherhairwhen.AherfatheradvisedhertodosoBshesawasickgirlinavideoCshehadherfirsthaircutDshevisitedahospital答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段第二

29、句“Arianahappenedtobesittingnexttomewhenavideowasplaying，showingalittlegirlwhowasbald.”以及第三段首句“Withoutasecondthought，Arianasaid，Oh，well，shecanhavesomeofmyhair，”可知，当Ariana在一个视频当中看到一个生病的女孩时，她立即就想捐献自己的头发。故选B。11WhatdoweknowaboutAriana?AShesufferedmedicalhairloss.BHerstorydrewwideattentiononline.CShegotli

30、ttlesupportfromherparents.DShehascalledonpeopletodonatehairlikeher.答案B解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“Smithpostedhisdaughtersmovinggestureonhispersonalwebpage，whereithasreceivedalmost645,000viewsinjusttwodays.”可知，Ariana的故事在网上引起了广泛的关注。故选B。BWongFukwing，aHongKongvolunteer(志愿者) atanorphanage(孤儿院) inYushu，waskilledi

31、ntheearthquakewhenhewastryingtosaveothersonApril14,2010.Wongmanagedtorunsafelyoutofthebuildingwithsomechildrenwhenthefirstquakehappenedat7：50amonApril14，buthewentbackinsidetorescuethreeotherchildrenandthreeteachersinside，althoughheknewthedangerofaftershocks(余震)At10am，allthechildrenandoneoftheteachersweresaved.However，Wongwasburiedunderthefallenbuildinganddied.Theothertwoteacherswerestillwaitingtoberescued.46yearoldWongwasatruckdriver，whooftensaidhecouldonlygivehiseffortsto