高考英语二轮总复习书面表达资料包.docx
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高考英语二轮总复习书面表达资料包
高考英语二轮总复习书面表达资料包
英语写作的过渡手段归纳
众所周知，要写出清晰流畅的文章，需要把段落中各部分巧妙地连接在一起。
这样可使文章自然而别致，并能层层展开主题句，完整地表达中心思想。
起连贯作用的过渡词语可以用来连接段落中的各个句子，也可以用来连接文章中的各个段落。
下面是在段落中连接句子的例子（段中黑体字为过渡词）
Tomanyforeigners,theAmericanwordfamilyisconfusing.ForeignersoftenhearanAmericansay"Myfamilyiscomingtovisit."Inthissentence,familymeansgrandparentsandperhapsotherrelatives.However,atothertimes,thesameAmericanmightsay,"I'mgoingtostayhomewithmyfamilythisweekend."Inthiscase,heistalkingabouthiswifeandchildren.Thisisamuchnarrowermeaningthanthefirstone.UsingfamilyinthiswaymakesaforeignerwonderwhichtermreallydescribesanAmericanfamily.Theanswer,ofcourse,isthattherearetwomeaningsforthewordfamilyintheUnitedStates--anarrowoneandabroadone.Andthereisanotherterm----immediatefamily-----todescribesomethinginbetween.
这一段中出现的过渡手法有两种：
一种是过渡词或词组，如however,inthiscase,ofcourse；另一种是起过渡作用的代词，如this,one.
段与段之间也可以用过渡词连接，比如but可以连接两个为转折关系的段落．
2.过渡词语的分类常用的过渡词根据意思和作用的不同，可以分为以下十一类：
1）用以解释的过渡词，比如：
now,inaddition,for,inthiscase,furthermore,infact
1.Theproblem,inthiscase,ishardtosolve.
2.Furthermore,severalpeopletelephonedthesamenight.
2）表示强调的过渡词，如：
certainly,indeed,aboveall,surely,mostimportant
1.Indeed,adessertisalwaysenjoyable.
2.Aboveall,donotbuildanopenfireinaforest.
3）表示限制的过渡词but,however,although,though,yet,exceptfor
1.Yettherewasstillachancethathewouldwin.
2.Exceptforonegirl,allthehikersreturned.
4）用以举例的过渡词forexample,forinstance,thus,such,next
1.Forinstance,atelegramoftencostsmorethanatelephonecall.
2.Thusthetripfinallybegan.
5）表示递进或补充的过渡词inaddition，furthermore，also，moreover，yet
1.Inaddition,thetourstopsinVancouver.
2.Furthermore,thetimeforregistrationhasbeenextended.
6）表达顺序的过渡词first,second,third,afterward（s）（后来）,meanwhile（几乎同时）,
thereafter（在那以后）,last,finally,eventually（终于）
1.First,youmailinanapplication.Second,youaskforanappointment.Third,yousend
themthreepersonalreferences.
2.Thenyoucometoatrafficlightandturnright.
7）用以表示比较的过渡词like,inthesameway,similarly,equallyimportant,too
1.Inthesameway,welookforagooddoctor.
2.Similarly,theThaisenjoyspicyfoods.
8）用以表示对比的过渡词unlike,incontrast,whereas,ontheotherhand,instead
1.Incontrast,theredfluiddoesnotloseitscolor.
2.Thehusbandwantedaboy,whereasthewifewantedagirl.
9）表示让步的过渡词although,nevertheless,ofcurse,afterall,clearly,still,yet
1.Heplanned,nevertheless,toaskforapromotion.
2.Afterall,youlearntocookmanyfoodsinthisjob.
10）用以表述结果的过渡词therefore,asaresult,consequently,
then，thereby，therefore，thus，hence，accordingly,so,otherwise
1.Asaresult,shebecametheprince'sbride.
2.Consequently,weopenedanaccountatthebank.
11）用以表示总结的过渡词tosumup,finally,inconclusion,atlast,inshort，inaword，in
thelongrun，insummary
1.Tosumup,Christmasisthemostimportantholiday.
2.Inconclusion,aconsulateoffersmoreservices.
上文已经讲过，除了过渡词或词组之外，起过渡作用的还有代词、同义词、连接词和词的重复等。
下面分别举例说明。
1.起过渡作用的代词
例：
Heaskedwhatthatmeant.
Wewatchedthehikers.Theyclimbedslowly.
以上两句中的深蓝体字分别起句内和句间的过渡作用。
起过渡作用的代词在下面例子中的作用很大，没有它，这段文字就不能成立。
Itisthemosttalked-ofsubjectintown.EveryfamilyinthecommunitydiscussesIthalfadozentimesaday.YoumentionedIttoatleastoneofyourfriendsbeforeyoucameintotheroomtoday.YouthinkaboutItatleastonceduringeveryclass.Itspassageissteady.Ittouchedeveryone.WhatisIt?
ItisTime.
2.起过渡作用的同义词
同义词用得好，不仅有助于文章的连贯，也增加了文采。
例如下文：
Communitycollegesarelikethetwo-yearcollegescalledjuniorcolleges,or"j.c.'s".Bothschoolspreparestudentsforfour-yearcolleges.J.c.'sofferallthecoursesmostfour-yearcollegesasktheirfreshmenandsophomorestotake.Communitycollegesalsogivesuchrequiredcourses.Butcommunitycollegesarealsolikeotherinstitutionscalledtradeschools.Bothschoolsoffertechnicaltraining.Tradeschoolsgivecoursesinsuchareasascarpentry,nursing,televisionrepairing,orphotography.Communitycollegeshavecompletetechnicalcoursesforstudentswhodonotplantogoontoauniversity.
3．重复词起过渡作用
词的重复是常用的连接手法，它可强调你所要表达的意思。
按方式，还可进一步分为绝对重复和相对重复。
Gulls,astheysoar,arenotalwayssearchingforfoodbutmerelyhavingfunonthewing.Agullflyingalongtheshoreistakingadvantagesofwindcurrentformedwhentheseaairstrikesthewarmlandandrises.Gullsalsolovethelower,weakeraircurrentsthatformaboutthreefeetabovethewaves.Theyridethemforhours,tippingfromonecurrenttothenext.Mostpeoplethinkthatgullsridebehindboatsforthefood.Butgarbageisonlyasmallpartofwhattheyeat.Clamsandfishmakeupmostoftheirdiet.Theseagullsfollowboatsforthetideonthethermalcurrentstheshipscreateatsea.
上面文章中的黑体字就是通过重复来起承上启下的作用，与同义词类似。
4.平行结构起承上启下的作用
Mymotherhaspassedalongtomecertainrulesforgettingalongwithothers.Don'targuewithparents;theywillthinkyoudon'tlovethem.Don'targuewithchildren;theywillthinkthemselvesvictimized.Don'targuewithspouses;theywillthinkyouareatiresomemate.Don'targuewithstrangers;theywillthinkyouarenotfriendly.Mymother'srules,infact,canbesummedupintwowords.Don'targue.
文中的don'targue反复出现，形成平行结构，有助于段落的流畅和连贯。
英语写作中的常用句型归纳
作文中常用句套：
下文中出现的A,B,“...”（某事物）,"sb"（somebody）,
要在写作中要根据上下文进行适当替换.
开头：
Whenitcomesto...,somethink...
Thereisapublicdebatetodaythat...
Aisacommonwayof...,butisitawiseone?
Recentlytheproblemhasbeenbroughtintofocus.
提出观点：
Nowthereisagrowingawarenessthat...
Itistimeweexplorethetruthof...
Nowhereinhistoryhastheissuebeenmorevisible.
进一步提出观点：
...butthatisonlypartofthehistory.
Anotherequallyimportantaspectis...
Aisbutoneofthemanyeffects.Anotheris...
Besides,otherreasonsare...
提出假想例子的方式：
Supposethat...
Justimaginewhatwouldbelikeif...
Itisreasonabletoexpect...
Itisnotsurprisingthat...
举普通例子：
Forexample（instance）,...
...suchasA,B,Candsoon（soforth）
Agoodcaseinpointis...
Aparticularexampleforthisis...
引用：
Oneofthegreatestearlywriterssaid...
"Knowledgeispower",suchistheremardof...
"......".Thatishowsbcomment（criticize/praise...）.
"......".Howoftenwehearsuchwordslikethere.
讲故事
（先说故事主体），thisstoryisnotrare.
...,suchdelimmaweoftenmeetindailylife.
...,thestorystillhasarealisticsignificance.
提出原因：
Therearemanyreasonsfor...
Why....,foronething,...
Theanswertothisprobleminvolvesmanyfactors.
Anydiscussionaboutthisproblemwouldinevitablyinvolves...
Thefirstreasoncanbeobviouslyseen.
Mostpeoplewouldagreethat...
Somepeoplemayneglectthatinfact...
Otherssuggestthat...
Partoftheexplanationis...
进行对比：
TheadvantagesforAforoutweighthedisadvantagesof...
AlthoughAenjoysadistinctadvantage...
Indeed,AcarriesmuchweightthanBwhensthisconcerned.
Amaybe...,butitsuffersfromthedisadvantagethat...
承上启下：
Tounderstandthetruthof...,itisalsoimportanttosee...
Astudyof...willmakethispointclear
让步：
Certainly,Bhasitsownadvantages,suchas...
IdonotdenythatAhasitsownmerits.
结尾：
>Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemaysafelydraw
theconclusionthat...
Insummary,itiswiser...
Inshort...
在作文中引用合适的名言警句，会给你的文章增色许多。
这里收集了我本人喜爱的一些名言，可能会对你有用。
我们使用引用的位置可以在开头结尾或正文段落中，
常见的使用形式如下：
Oneofthegreatestearlywriterssaid...
"Knowledgeispower",suchistheremardof...
"......".Thatishowsbcomment（criticize/praise...）.
"......".Howoftenwehearsuchwordslikethere.
Usefulquotations
逆境
byRobertCollier
Ineveryadversitythereliestheseedofanequivalentadvantage.Ineverydefeatthereisalessonshowingyouhowtowinthevictorynexttime.
努力与成功
byAnnLanders
Opportunitiesareusuallydisguisedashardwork,somostpeopledon'trecognizethem.
坚持
byRalphWaldoEmerson
Noonecancheatyououtofultimatesuccessbutyourselves.
Confucius孔子
Ourgreatestgloryisnotinneverfalling...
butinrisingeverytimewefall.
坚持
MotherTeresa
Tokeepalampburningwehavetokeepputtingoilinit.
HenryFord
Nothingisparticularlyhardifyoudivideitinuosmalljobs.
WinstonChurchill
Never,never,never,nevergiveup.
AlbertEinstein
Inuhemiddleofdifficultyliesopportunity.
努力与成功
byCrassus
Thosewhoaimatgreatdeedsmustsuffergreatly.
ThomasEdison
Thereisnosubstituteforhardwork.
LeoTolstoi
Thestrongestofallwarriorsarethesetwo-TimeandPatience.
ThomasJefferson
I'magreatbelieverinluck,
andIfindtheharderIwork...
themoreIhaveofit.
RobertCollier
Successisthesumofsmallefforts,repeateddayinanddayout.
RayA.Croc
Luckisadividendofsweat.Themoreyousweat,theluckieryouget.
实际经验与间接经验
You'lllearnmoreaboutaroadbytravelingit...
thanbyconsultingallthemapsintheworld.
动机与结果
VinceLombardi
Winningisn'teverything...
butwantingtowinis.
JohnF.Kennedy
Wechoosetogo!
tothemoonandotherthings,ootbecausetheyareeasy,butbecausetheyarehard.
Thucydides
Thestrongdowhattheywill.
Theweakdowhattheymust.
为人态度：
JohnWooden
TalentisGodgiven--BeHumble.
Fameismangiven--BeThankful.
Conceitisselfgiven--BeCareful.
行动：
TheodoreRoosevelt
Dowhatyoucan,withwhatyouhave,withwhereyouare.
PubliliusSyrusMaxim
Noonekn
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