高二下学期期末考试含听力英语试题 2.docx

高二下学期期末考试含听力英语试题 2.docx

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高二下学期期末考试含听力英语试题2

广东省佛山市第一中学2020-2021学年高二下学期期末考试（含听力）英语试题

学校:

___________姓名：

___________班级：

___________考号：

___________

一、阅读选择

ThomasCheathamhadplannedtostudyLatinduringhistimeatHebronHighSchoolinTexas.ButwhenhelearnedthattheschooldistrictwasgoingtoofferaMandarin（普通话）class,hequicklychangedhismind.

“IthoughtMandarinwouldbemorebeneficialthanLatin,”saidCheatham,whoisnowinhissecondyearofstudyingthelanguage.

HespeaksMandarintoorderfoodatChineserestaurantsandcanreadsocialmediapostsfromhisChinese-speakingfriends.Whileit’sadifficultlanguagetomaster,thehighschooljunior,whoplanstostudycomputerengineering,thinksitwillbeimportantforhiscareer.“Chineseisagoodlanguagetoknow,especiallywithChinabecomingagrowingpower,”hesaid.

Manyexpertsagreethatproficiency（熟练）inalanguagespokenbyabillionpeopleworldwidewillgiveAmericanstudentsanedgeintheglobaleconomy.

“PeoplearelookingatChinaasournexteconomiccompetitor,andinterestinMandarinisgrowingfast,”saidMartyAbbott,directoroftheAmericanCouncil（议会）ontheTeachingofForeignLanguages.“We’reseeingitinallpartsofthecountry.”

Abbottpredictsthatasmanyas100,000studentsarenowstudyingMandarininpublicandprivateschoolsthroughouttheUS.ShesaidtheUSgovernmenthasdesignated（指定）Mandarinasan“importantneeds”languageandprovidesprofessionaldevelopmentprogramsforteachers.“Ourgovernmentwantstoincreaseourlanguageabilityfornationalsecurityandeconomiccompetitiveness,”Abbottadded.

Atthesametime,theChinesegovernmentisspreadingknowledgeoftheChineselanguageandculturethroughConfuciusInstitutessetupinmanyUSstates.Forexample,theConfuciusInstituteattheUniversityofTexasinDallashasbeenthehomeofaConfuciusInstitutefor10years.ItsponsorsConfuciusClassroomsat21localpublicandprivateschools,wheretensofthousandsofstudentsarelearningMandarin.

1．WhydidThomasCheathamdecidetostudyMandarininsteadofLatin?

A．MandarinwaseasiertolearnthanLatin.

B．Mandarincouldbehelpfultohisfuturecareer.

C．MandarinmighthelphimlearnmoreaboutChina.

D．Mandarincouldenablehimtostudycomputerengineering.

2．Theunderlinedword“edge”inParagraph4probablymeans“________”.

A．aslightadvantageB．theoutsidelimit

C．asharptoneofvoiceD．anexcitingquality

3．WhichofthefollowingstatementsmightMartyAbbottagreewith?

A．MandarinshouldbetaughtinclassroomsthroughouttheUS.

B．ThoseskilledatChinesewillbethemostcompetitiveinthefuture.

C．TheUSgovernment’spolicyhashelpedpopularizeMandarinintheUS.

D．AmericanslearnMandarinbecausetheyworryabouttheirnationalsecurity.

4．Whatdoestheauthormainlytalkaboutinthispassage?

A．TherisingpopularityofMandarinamongAmericanstudents.

B．ThegreatbenefitsoflearningMandarinforAmericanstudents.

C．TheinfluenceofChina’sgrowingpoweronAmericaneducation.

D．TheeffectofConfuciusInstitutesinpromotingMandarinintheUS.

Almosteverycommunityhassomeformofrulesandsomewayofenforcingthem.Sowhydowehaverules,andwhatmakespeoplefollowthem?

Studieshavesuggestedthatthereasonwedon’tlikerule-breakingisbecausefairnessisprogrammedintoourbrains.Scientistshavefoundthatthebrainreactsinaparticularwaywhenwefeelwearebeingtreatedunfairly.Afairsituationmakesusfeelcomfortableandevenhappy,butunfairnesscausesourbrainstorespondwithnegativefeelings.Thestudyfoundthatthissohappenedwhensubjectssawothersbeingtreatedunfairly.Theyconcludedthatfairnessisoneofbasichumanneeds.

Arrivingatafeelingoffairnessmeansconsideringdifferent,oftenconflicting,pointsofview.Regardlessofthedisagreement,peoplealmostalwaysneedtocompromise.Butitcanbedifficulttoarriveatacompromisewhenthereareconflictinginterests.Thisiswhycommunitieshaverulesthateveryonemustfollow.

Socialcontrolsareanimportantfactorinsettingandfollowingrules.Theyinfluencethewaywebehave,andcanbeinternal（内在的）orexternal.Internalcontrolscomefromwithinandarebasedonourvaluesandfears.Mostofusdon’tsteal,forexample,becausewebelievethattheftisunfairandwrong.Wedon’twanttodisappointourfamilyandfriends,either.Inotherwords,ourinternalcontrolskeepusfrombehavinginwaysthatcauseconflict.

Externalcontrolsincluderewardsandpunishments.Rewards,suchasjobpromotionsandpraise,aredesignedtoencouragepeopletobehaveandactintheinterestofthewholecommunity.

Punishments,suchaspublicembarrassment,fines,andevenimprisonmentcanpreventpeoplefromactingagainstthecommunity’sbestinterests.

Peopleneedtheircommunitiestofunctionsmoothly.Iftherewerenorules,mostpeoplewouldprobablystillbehavepositively.However,therewouldalwaysbeaminoritywhowouldnot.Thisiswhyasocietywithoutrulesisunlikelytoexist.

5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword‘‘this’’inparagraph2referto?

A．Aprograminhumanbrains.B．Acomfortablesituation.

C．Theresponsewithbadfeelings.D．Therequirementofffairness.

6．Whydocommunitieshaverules?

A．Topunishillegalactivities.B．Topreventdisagreement.

C．Topromotefairness.D．Tomeetvariousdemands.

7．Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofinternalcontrol?

A．Takeexamshonestlybecausecheatingisshameful

B．Parkintherightplacesoasnottogetaparkingticket.

C．Paytheelectricitybillontimeinordernottogetalatefee.

D．Cooperatewithyourclassmatestowinaprizeforyourclass.

8．Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

A．LivingbytherulesB．Followingruleswithpunishments

C．ReachingacompromiseD．Callingforfairness

Kind-heartedparentshaveunknowinglylefttheirchildrendefenselessagainstfailure.Thegenerationbornbetween1980and2001grewupplayingsportswherescoresandperformancewereplayeddownbecause‘‘everyone’swinner.’’Andtheirreportcardssoundedmorepositivethaneverbefore.Asaresult,StanfordUniversityprofessorCarolDweck,PhD,callsthem“theoverpraisedgeneration.’’

Dweckhasbeenstudyinghowpeopledealwithfailurefor40years.Herresearchhasledhertofindouttwoclearlydifferentmind-setsthathaveagreateffectonhowwereacttoit.Here’showtheywork:

Afixedmind-setisgroundedinthebeliefthattalentisgenetic—you’reabornartist,pointguard,ornumbersperson.Thefixedmind-setbelievesit’ssuretosucceedwithoutmucheffortandregardsfailureaspersonalshame.Whenthingsgetdifficult,it’squicktoblame,lie,andevenstayawayfromfuturedifficulties.

Ontheotherhand,agrowthmind-setbelievesthatnotalentisentirelyheaven-sentandthateffortandlearningmakeeverythingpossible.Becausetheego（自尊）isn’tonthelineasmuch,thegrowthmind-setseesfailureasachanceratherthanshame.Whenfacedwithadifficulty,it’squicktorethink,changeandtryagain.Infact,itenjoysthisexperience.

Weareallbornwithgrowthmind-sets.（Otherwise,wewouldn’tbeabletoliveintheworld.）Butparents,teachers,andinstructorsoftenpushusintofixedmind-setsbyencouragingcertainactionsandmisdirectingpraise.Dweck’sbook,Mind-set:

TheNewPsychologyofSuccess,andonlineinstructionalprogramexplainthisindepth.Butshesaystherearemanylittlethingsyoucanstartdoingtodaytomakesurethatyourchildren,grandchildrenandevenyouareneverdefeatedbyfailure.

9．WhatdoesprofessorDweckthinkaboutthegenerationintheirthirtiesnow?

A．Theydidn’tdowellatschool.B．Theywereoftenmisunderstood.

C．Theywereeagertowininsports.D．Theyweregiventoomuchpraise.

10．Whatdoesafixedmind-setpersonprobablydo?

A．Hedoesn’twanttoworkhard.B．Hecaresalotaboutpersonalsafety.

C．Hedoesn’tsharehisideaswithothers.D．Hesucceedswiththehelpofteachers.

11．Whatdoesthegrowthmind-setbelieve?

A．Admittingfailureisshameful.B．Talentcomeswithone’sbirth.

C．Scoresshouldbehighlyvalued.D．Gettingoverdifficultiesisenjoyable.

12．WhatshouldparentsdofortheirchildrenbasedonDweck’sstudy?

A．Encouragethemtolearnfromfailures.B．Preventthemfrommakingmistakes.

C．Guidethemindoinglittlethings.D．Helpthemgrowwithpraise.

二、七选五

Wordshavethepowertobuildusuportearusdown.Itdoesn’tmatterifthewordscomefromourselvesorsomeoneelse.Thepositiveandnegativeeffectsarejustaslasting.

Wealltalktoourselvessometimes.13．.Infact,wereallyshouldn’tbebecausemoreandmoreexpertsbelievetalkingtoourselvesoutloudisahealthyhabit.This“self-talk”helpsusmotivateourselves,rememberthings,solveproblems,andcalmourselvesdown.Beaware,though,thatasmuchas77%ofself-talktendstobenegative.14．.

Often,wordscomeoutofourmouthswithoutusthinkingabouttheeffecttheywillhave.Butweshouldbeawarethatourwordscausecertainresponsesinothers.15．.Andtheclerkwillprobablyrespondinasimilarmanner.However,criticallanguagemaycauseangeranddefense.

16．.Manyofusregretsomethingweoncesaid.Werememberunkindwordssaidtousaswell.Beforespeaking,weshouldalwaysaskourselves:

Isitloving?

Isitneeded?

Ifwhatwewanttosaydoesn’tpassthistest,thenit’sbetterleftunsaid.

Wordspossesspower:

bothpositiveandnegative.Thosearoundusreceiveencouragementwhenwespeakpositively.Wecanofferhope,buildself-esteemandmotivateotherstodotheirbest.Negativewordsdestroyallthosethings.17．.Thechoiceisours.

A．HowshouldIsayit?

B．Willweuseourwordstohurtortoheal?

C．Generallypeoplelikepositiveandpleasantwor