高考英语北师大版一轮复习Unit16夯实训练含答案.docx
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高考英语北师大版一轮复习Unit16夯实训练含答案
2017高考英语北师大版一轮复习Unit16夯实训练含答案
高考题型提能练(十六) Unit16
(2016·河南郑州市高三第一次质量预测)Sweetwormwood(青蒿)isacommonplantinChina,__1__ithasthepowertocurethedeadlydiseasecalledmalaria(疟疾).TuYouyou__2__(be)thewomanwhousestheplant’sspecialpowertosavemillionsoflives.TheChinesescientistwonaNobelPrizebecauseofhergreatcontribution.
OnOctober5,Tuwasawardedthe2015NobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine.ShesharedtheprizewithtwootherscientistsfromtheUSandJapan.TuisthefirstnativeChineseperson__3__(receive)aNobelPrizeinnaturalsciences.
Tuwasmodestaboutreceivingtheaward:
“It’sasuccessforthewholeresearchteam.”Shealsothinks__4__isscientists’dutytofightforthehealthofallhumans.
WhenTujoinedthenationalresearchteamtofindthemedicine__5__couldfightagainstmalariainthe1960sand1970s,thingswerehard.Theteamdidn’thaveadvancedequipmentbackthen.Tuusedtotest__6__(medicine)byeatingthemherself.HerteamsearchedoldChinesemedicinebooks__7__handandtestedover2,000traditionalrecipes.
OnceTu__8__(return)homeaftertravelingforsixmonths.Herlittledaughterdidn’trecognizeherandhidfromthe“strangewoman”.Todoresearch,Tualsohadtomovearoundalot.
Finally,Tufoundartemisinin(青蒿素)insweetwormwoodin1971.Shespentthenextdecades__9__(try)toimprovethemedicine.AccordingtoWorldHealthOrganization,about200millionpeoplesuffer__10__malariaaroundtheworld,andabouthalfamilliondieeachyear.Artemisininisstillthemosteffectivetreatmentagainstmalariaknowntoday.
Tunevercomplainsabouthowhardsheworks.“IfeelmorerewardedwhenIseesomanycuredpatients,”shesaid.
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇记叙文。
屠呦呦是中国第一个获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家,她带领她的团队发现了青蒿素,从而挽救了数百万人的生命。
1.but [考查连词。
空前语境为:
青蒿在中国是一种常见的植物;空后语境为:
它有治愈致命疾病——疟疾的能力。
根据空处前后语境可以判断,两句为转折关系,故用转折连词but。
]
2.is [考查时态和主谓一致。
根据该句中的“whousestheplant’sspecialpower”可知,该句应用一般现在时。
又因主语为TuYouyou,故用is。
]
3.toreceive [考查动词不定式。
根据该句中的“thefirstnativeChineseperson”可以判断,该句应用动词不定式作person的后置定语。
]
4.it [考查it的用法。
分析该句结构可知,动词不定式短语tofightforthehealthofallhumans作真正的主语,it作形式主语。
]
5.that/which [考查定语从句。
分析该句结构可知,该句为定语从句,先行词为medicine,空处在从句中作主语,故用which或that引导该定语从句。
]
6.medicines [考查名词的数。
根据该句中的them可以判断,空处应用复数形式。
]
7.by/on/at/in [考查介词。
byhand意为“用手”;onhand,athand,inhand意为“在手头”。
根据语境可知这四个介词都对。
]
8.returned [考查时态。
根据下句的“Herlittledaughterdidn’trecognizeher”可知,这里陈述的是过去的事情,故用一般过去时。
]
9.trying [考查非谓语动词。
spendtimedoingsth为固定搭配,意为“花费时间做某事”,故用trying。
]
10.from [考查动词短语。
sufferfrom为固定搭配,意为“(因疾病、痛苦等)受折磨”。
]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Thesedays,thereareveryfewwildanimalsleftintheUK.Thewolveshavegone.Thebearshavebeenhuntedtoextinction.Fortunately,thereareafewbadgers(獾)—Oh,well,actually,notforlongastheBritishgovernmenthasjustdecidedtokillthemtoo!
Butwhy?
Badgersarefascinatingcreatures.Theblackandwhitemammalsliveundergroundin“setts”,whichtheydigoutoftheearth.Theyareextremelybrave,fightingofflargeranimalssuchasbearsandwolves.Theproblemisthatsomebadgerscarry“BovineTuberculosis”(BTB),aninfectiousdiseasecausedbythebacteriumMycobacteriumBovis(M.Bovis)whichcancauseTBinsomeotheranimals,includingcattle.
Forfarmers,thisisaseriousissue.In1998intheUK,almost6000cowswerekilledtocontrolthedisease.Andin2010,morethan30000animalsweredestroyed.It'sexpensivetoo.BovineTBcoststheUKabout£100millionperyear.Andsomebelievethatthediseasecouldendupcostingtheeconomy£9billionoverthenext40yearsifnothingisdoneaboutit.
Expertssaythatbadgersareresponsibleforabout50%oftheinfectedcattle.So,aftermuchdebate,thegovernmenthasagreedtoabadgercull(杀戮).Thiswillmeanabout30000oftheinnocentcreatureswillbewipedouttofightthedisease.EnvironmentSecretaryCarolineSpelmanadmittedthattherewas“greatstrengthoffeeling”aboutit,butsaid,“Ibelievethisistherightwayforward.”
Ofcourse,manyareagainstthemeasure,includingconservationistsandanimalrightsactivists.Theyclaimthatkillingthebadgersincontrolledzoneswouldn'tworkbecausebadgersfromneighboringareaswouldsimplymoveintotheemptysettsandbecomeinfectedtoo.Furthermore,theybelievethatthewaycattleareraisedintensively,andtransportedaroundtolotsofdifferentfarmsduringtheirlivesisprobablythebiggestcauseofthespreadofthedisease.
Mostordinarypeopleareagainstthemeasuretoo.Asurveysuggestsabouttwothirdsareagainstkillingthebadgers,withmajoritiesagainstkillingthemregardlessofage,regionandgender.Oneofthealternativestothecullinvolvesusingvaccine(疫苗)onbadgers.However,thiscostsanaverageof£2250peryearpersquarekilometer.Trappingandshootingbadgerscosts£2500peryear,butshootingfreerunningbadgersonlycostsabout£200peryear(persquarekilometer).
So,withthatinmind,it'seasytoseehowthegovernmentarrivedattheirdecision.Moneytalks!
文章大意:
本文是一篇新闻报道。
在英国,一些獾身上携带TB病菌,这种病菌会传播给牲畜,从而给农民带来巨大的损失。
政府不顾多数人的反对,决定采取行动来杀掉獾,因为对他们来说,这样做的代价相对来说较低。
1.Whydoesthegovernmentwanttokillthebadgers?
A.Becausethereisnootherchoicetocutthespreadofthedisease.
B.BecausebadgerscarryTB,adiseasewhichcaninfectotheranimals.
C.Becausetheyalmostwipedoutanentirepopulationofcattle.
D.BecauseitmightbeaneffectivewaytofightTBattheleastexpense.
答案:
D 细节理解题。
根据文章第二段中第四句“Theproblemisthatsomebadgerscarry‘BovineTuberculosis’(BTB)...”及倒数第二段最后一句“...shootingfreerunningbadgersonlycostsabout£200peryear(persquarekilometer).”可知,杀死獾可能是以最低价来对抗TB传播的有效办法。
故答案选D。
2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?
A.Somepeopleobjecttocullingbecauseitcostsmuchmoretotrapandshootbadgers.
B.Inthefollowingfourdecades,£9billionwillbespentonTB.
C.Basedonthesurvey,peopleofdifferentagegroups,regionsandbothgendersareagainstkillingthebadgers.
D.CarolineSpelmanthoughtbadgersshouldbeculleddespitepeople'sstrongreaction.
答案:
C 细节理解题。
根据倒数第二段第二句“Asurveysuggestsabouttwothirdsareagainstkillingthebadgers,withmajoritiesagainstkillingthemregardlessofage,regionandgender.”可知,一项调查表明来自不同年龄、地区和性别的人,大多数都反对屠杀獾。
故答案选C。
3.Whoisstronglyforkillingthebadgersaccordingthepassage?
A.Thegovernment.
B.Mostordinarypeople.
C.Conservationists.
D.Animalrightsactivists.
答案:
A 细节理解题。
根据文章第四、五、六段及文章最后一段中“it'seasytoseehowthegovernmentarrivedattheirdecision.Moneytalks!
”可知,政府对屠杀獾是非常支持的,因为这样做的代价最低。
故答案选A。
4.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardgovernment'sdecision?
A.Supportive.B.Critical.
C.Objective.D.Unconcerned.
答案:
B 推理判断题。
根据文章第一段最后一句中“actually,notforlongastheBritishgovernmenthasjustdecidedtokillthemtoo!
”及最后一段“So,withthatinmind,it'seasytoseehowthegovernmentarrivedattheirdecision.Moneytalks!
”可知,政府不顾多数人的反对,只考虑钱的问题。
从中可以看出,作者对政府的决定是持批评态度。
故答案选B。
5.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?
A.TheControlofTB
B.TheVoiceoftheBadgers
C.BadgerDanger
D.TheThreatoftheBadgers
答案:
C 标题概括题。
通读全文可知,文章主要讲了英国政府不顾人们的反对,已经决定杀死獾,从而使獾处于危险之中。
因此,短文的最佳标题应是BadgerDanger。
故答案选C。
B
(2016·贵阳市适应性检测考试)
Chooseyourwishlist
It'snormalforanystudent'scollegewishlisttochangethroughouthighschool.Butwhenitcomestimetoapply,manyseniorshaveahardtimenarrowingdowntheirchoices.
There'snohardandfastanswer,butthereareseveralthingsyoucandoandaskyourselftomakethedecisioneasier.Herearethreepiecesofadvicethatmighthelp.
Doyourresearch
Aboveall,it'simportanttofigureoutyourwantsandneeds.Whatdoyouexpectfromyoureducation?
Whatareyouwillingtogiveup?
VeronicaHauad,seniorassociatedirectorofadmissions(录取)attheUniversityofChicagointheUS,saidstudentsshouldstartbytakingtimetofigure_outthosequestions.
“Findthethingthat'smostimportanttoyou,andthenyoucanstartsearchingonthatfactorandsortthingsoutlater,”Hauadsaid.
Don'tfocusonrankings
It'seasytofocustoohardonschoolrankings,butdon'tletthatmakeyourdecisionforyouwhenyou'relookingatcolleges.Inthelongrun,rankingsprobablywon'thaveabigeffectonyoureducation.It'sOKtolookatrankings,butdon'tobsess(过于执着)overthem.Findcollegesthatreallyinterestyou.Iftheyendupbeingonatoplist,thinkofitasanextrapleasure.
Thinkaboutyourfuture
Here'sanimportantquestiontoaskallofthecollegesonyourlist:
Howmanyofyourstudentsfindjobsaftergraduation?
AnIvyLeagueschoolmaylookgoodonanapplication,butwhatwillthecollegedotohelpyoufindajob?
Studentsshouldalsomakesurethey'regoingtocollegefortherightreasons.
UniversityofIllinoissophomore(二年级学生)SteveWangsaidhehasmetstudentswhoaren'tlookingatthebiggerpicture.“Iseealotofstudentswhogotocollegeforthesakeofthecollegeexperience—notforahighereducation,”Wangexplained.“Sopeopleshowupandspendalotoftimeatpartiesandnotreallypayingattentiontoschoolwork.That'snotreallywhatcollegeisfor.”
1.Whenyouapplytoacollege,youshould________.
A.findoutwhatyoureallywant
B.choosethebestknowncollege
C.considerthethingsyoucando
D.quitachanceforfurtherstudy
2.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“figureout”inParagraph4probablymean?
A.Letout. B.Lookout.
C.Makeout.D.Checkout.
3.SteveWangspendshismaintimeon________.
A.parttimejobsB.schoolwork
C.partiesD.collegeexperiences
4.Whatisthepassagemainlyfor?
A.Researchers.B.Educators.
C.Applicants.D.Sophomores.
1.解析:
选A 细节理解题。
根据作者给即将步入大学的高中生所提供的三条建议的内容,尤其是第三段第一句“Aboveall,it'simportanttofigureoutyourwantsandneeds.”可知,高中生在申请大学时一定要做好相关调查,弄清楚自己的真正需求,不要太执着于大学的排名,要为自己的将来考虑,选那些能