How to Write a Great Research Paper.docx

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How to Write a Great Research Paper.docx

HowtoWriteaGreatResearchPaper

Content

Key01FindaTopic8

WhichTopicsWork(andWhichOnesDon’t)8

WhatInterestsYou8

WhatYouCanHandle9

WhatYouCanFindEnoughInformationAbout9

TheRightTopicforYou10

AnIdeaWeb10

Brainstorming11

Freewriting12

NarrowYourTopic12

AskQuestions12

MakeaPyramidChart13

MakeaTargetDiagram13

ScheduleYourWork14

Key02LookItUp16

WheretoBegin16

Encyclopedias16

ChoosinganEncyclopedia16

UsinganEncyclopedia17

TheInternetforExploration17

ResearchQuestions:

The5Ws+H18

TheLibraryCatalog19

ThePeriodicalIndex19

MoreSources20

TVandRadio20

PersonalInterviews20

SourceCards20

SourceNumber21

CallNumber21

InformationAbouttheSource21

Key03TakeNotes25

UseSourcesEfficiently25

MethodsforNoteTaking25

TakingNotesonIndexCards26

TakingNotesonYourComputer27

readingnote:

2013.9.911:

3228

EffectiveNoteTaking29

NotTooMuchorTooLittle29

ToNoteorNottoNote29

Paraphrasing—NotCopying30

ToQuoteorNottoQuote30

OrganizeYourNotes31

OrganizingNoteCards31

OrganizingNotesonaComputer32

Key04TakeNotes34

WhatIsanOutline?

34

FromNotestoOutline35

RulesforOutlining36

PlanningYourBeginningandEnding37

YourThesisStatement37

YourConclusion38

Key05CreatYourFirstDraft42

FollowaFormat42

StartWriting43

DraftYourIntroduction43

DrafttheBodyofYourPaper45

Relevance45

Support45

Logicalorder45

Transitions45

DraftYourConclusion46

CiteYourSources46

ToCiteorNottoCite46

HowtoCiteSources46

ChooseaTitle47

Key06ReviseandEditYourDraft49

CheckEachPart49

CheckYourIntroduction49

CheckYourConclusion50

AimforExcellence50

SpellCheck50

CheckGrammarandPunctuation50

Sentences50

Subject-verbagreement50

Usingpronounscorrectly50

Misplacedanddanglingmodifiers51

Irregularverbs52

Missingcommas52

AvoidRepetition52

BreakUpParagraphsThatAreTooLong53

Proofread55

TakePrideinYourBibliography56

BibliographyEntryforaBook56

BibliographyEntryforaPeriodical57

BibliographyEntryforaNonprintSource57

Key07PresentYourPaper59

NeatnessCounts59

UsingVisuals59

PresentinginPublic61

UsingNoteCardsAsYouPresent61

SpeakingSlowlyandLoudly62

HowtoWriteaGreatResearchPaper

BeverlyAnnChin,Ph.D

BeverlyAnnChinisProfessorofEnglish,DirectoroftheEnglishTeachingProgram,formerDirectoroftheMontanaWritingProject,andaformerPresidentoftheNationalCouncilofTeachersofEnglish.

Dr.ChinisanationallyrecognizedleaderinEnglishlanguageartsstandards,curriculuminstruction,andassessment.Manyschoolsandstatescalluponhertohelpthemdevelopprogramsinreadingandwrit-ingacrossthecurriculum.Dr.ChinhaseditedandwrittennumerousbooksandarticlesinthefieldofEnglishlanguagearts.Sheistheauthorof<

Writing>>and<

Grammar>>.

Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaper.

Copyright©2004byBOOKBUILDERSLLC.Allrightsreserved.

LimitofLiability/Disclaimer免责声明ofWarranty:

Whilethepublisherandtheauthorhaveusedtheirbesteffortsinpreparingthisbook,theymakenorepresentationsorwarrantieswithrespecttotheaccuracyorcompletenessofthecontentsofthisbookandspecificallydisclaimanyimpliedwarrantiesofmerchantabilityorfitnessforaparticularpurpose.Nowarrantymaybecreatedorextendedbysalesrepresentativesorwrittensalesmaterials.Youshouldconsultwithaprofessionalwhereappropriate.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorshallbeliableforanylossofprofitoranyothercommercialdamages,includingbutnotlimitedtospecial,incidental,consequential,orotherdamages.

DearStudents

WelcometotheWILEYKEYSTOSUCCESSseries!

Thebooksinthisseriesarepracticalguidesdesignedtohelpyoubeabetterstudent.Eachbookfocusesonanimportantareaofschoolwork,includingbuildingyourvocabulary,studyinganddoinghomework,writingresearchpapers,takingtests,andmore.

Eachbookcontainssevenchapters—thekeystohelpingyouimproveyourskillsasastudent.Asyouunderstandanduseeachkey,you’llfindthatyouwillenjoylearningmorethaneverbefore.Asaresult,you’llfeelmoreconfidentinyourclassesandbebetterpreparedtodemonstrateyourknowledge.

IinviteyoutousetheWILEYKEYSTOSUCCESSseriesatschoolandathome.Asyouapplyeachkey,youwillopenthedoorstosuccessinschoolaswellastomanyotherareasofyourlife.Goodluck,andenjoythejourney!

BeverlyAnnChin,SeriesConsultant

ProfessorofEnglish

UniversityofMontana,Missoula

NotetoTeachers,Libararians,andParents

TheWILEYKEYSTOSUCCESSseriesisaseriesofhandbooksdesignedtohelpstudentsimprovetheiracademicperformance.Happily,thekeyscanopendoorsforeveryone—athome,inschool,atwork.

Eachbookisaninvaluableresourcethatofferssevensimple,practicalstepstomasteringanimportantaspectofschoolwork,suchasbuildingvocabulary,studyinganddoinghomework,takingtests,andwritingresearchpapers.Wehandreaderssevenkeys—orchapters—thatshowthemhowtoincreasetheirsuccessaslearners—aplanintendedtobuildlifelonglearningskills.Reader-friendlygraphics,self-assessmentquestions,andcomprehensiveappendicesprovideadditionalinformation.

Helpfulfeaturesscatteredthroughoutthebooksinclude“WritingitRight,”whichexpandsonthetextwithcharts,graphs,andmodels;“InsideSecret,”whichrevealsallimportanthints,rules,definitions,andevenwarnings;and“Ready,Set,Review,”whichmakesiteasyforstudentstorememberkeypoints.

WILEYKEYSTOSUCCESSaredesignedtoensurethatallstudentshavetheopportunitytoexperiencesuccess.Oncestudentsknowachievement,theyaremorelikelytobecomeindependentlearners,effectivecommunicators,andcriticalthinkers.Manyreaderswillwanttouseeachguidebookbybeginningwiththefirstkeyandprogressingsystematicallytothelastkey.Somereaderswillselectthekeystheyneedmostandintegratewhattheylearnwiththeirownroutines.

Aseducatorsandparents,youcanencouragestudentstousethebooksinthisseriestoassesstheirownstrengthsandweaknessesaslearners.Usingstudents’responsesandyourownobservationsoftheirstudyskillsandhabits,youcanhelpstudentsdeveloppositiveattitudes,setrealisticgoals,formsuccessfulschedules,organizematerials,andmonitortheirownacademicprogress.Inaddition,youcandiscusshowadultsusesimilarstudystrategiesandcommunicationskillsintheirpersonalandprofessionallives.

WehopeyouandyourstudentswillenjoytheWILEYKEYSTOSUCCESSseries.Wethinkreaderswillturntotheseresourcestimeandtimeagain.Byshowingstudentshowtoachieveeverydaysuccess,wehelpchildrengrowintoresponsible,independentyoungadultswhovaluetheireducation—andintoadultswhovaluelearningthroughouttheirlives.

BeverlyAnnChin,SeriesConsultant

ProfessorofEnglish

UniversityofMontana,Missoula

Introduction

WhatIsaResearchPaperandWhatDoYouGainbyWritingOne?

Soyouhavetowritearesearchpaper?

Ifthisassignmentmakesyoufeelnervousoroverwhelmed,youmaysimplybefeelingafearoftheunknown.Calmdown!

Takeiteasy!

Let’sbeginbydiscussingjustwhataresearchpaperis.Onceyouknowmoreaboutwhatyouwanttodo,thechancesareitwon’tseemsodaunting.

Aresearchpaperisapieceofwritingthatprovidesinformationaboutaparticulartopicthatyou’veresearched.It’snotassimpleaswritingapaperaboutyoursummervacation,becauseyoudon’thavetodoresearchtofindoutaboutyourownpersonalexperience.Ontheotherhand,apaperaboutatopicsuchasdolphins,cavepaintings,ancientcivilizations,orthehistoryofaparticularsportdoesqualifyasaresearchpaper.Thesearetopicsaboutwhichyou,yourself,arenotanexpert,butthatyoucanlearnaboutbyreadingtheworkofexperts—inotherwords,bydoingresearch.Thenyoucancommunicateinwritingwhatyouhavelearned.Ideally,youwilldothatinawaythatisclearandinteresting.

Ifyou’reconcernedthatyouwon’tknowhowtogoaboutwritingaresearchpaper,don’tworry.Thisbookisheretohelpyouwriteagreatresearchpaper.Itmakeswritingyourpapereasy,becauseitleadsyouthroughthewholeprocesseverystepoftheway.Thisbookpromisestogiveyouplentyofhelp—inawaythat’seasytounderstand—soyou’lldojustfine.

Beforewegetstarted,weshouldansweraquestionmanystudentsaskaboutresearchpapers:

“What’sthepoint?

WhatwillIgainfromdoingthis?

”Oneansweristhatyou’llgainexperienceinwritingresearchpapers!

Thismaysoundsilly,butit’snot.Chancesare,you’llhavetodothismorethanonce—andprobablyalotasyougetolder!

—soafteryou’vedoneitthefirsttime,itwillgetaloteasier.Butyou’llgainmorethanthat.

You’lllearnagreatdealaboutatopicthatinterestsyou.You’llstartoutknowingonlyalittleaboutthattopicandendupanexpertinyourownright.Andperhapsmostimportantly,you’lllearnhowtodoresearch.Thisisaskillyou’lluseallyourlife.It’sbeensaidthatthemarkofagoodeducationisnothowmuchyouknow,buthowgoodyouareatfindingoutwhatyouneedtoknow.Clearly,knowinghowtodoresearchisanimportantskilltohave.

Finally,you’llgaintheexperienceoftakingonatask,seeingitthroughtotheend,andbeingproudofyouraccomplishment.Afteryou’vecompletedyourpaper,you’llknowjusthowrewardingthiscanbe.

Key01FindaTopic

WhichTopicsWork(andWhichOnesDon’t)

⏹TheRightTopicforYou

⏹NarrowYourTopic

⏹ScheduleY

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