词汇学.docx

词汇学.docx

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词汇学

题库

（1）

I.Eachofthestatementsbelowisfollowedbyfourchoices.Pleasechoosetheonethatbestcompleteseachstatement.（10%）

1.Inthewordinternationalists,nationis________.

A.rootB.StemC.baseD.root,stem,base

2.________isthemostimportantofallcharacteristicsofthebasicwordstock.

A.ProductivityB.StabilityC.CollocabilityD.Allnationalcharacter

3.Nonbasicvocabularyincludesallofthefollowingexcept________.

A.slangB.Anglo-SaxonwordsC.argotsD.neologisms

4.Itisassumedthattheworldhas3000languages,whichcanbegroupedintoroughly_languagefamiliesonthebasisofsimilaritiesintheirbasicwordstockandgrammar.

A.200B.300C.400D.500

5.ThefollowinglanguagesallbelongtotheEasternsetexcept________.

A.Balto-SlavicB.Indo-IranianC.ArmenianD.Italic

6.IntheEasternset,Armenianand________arethesolemodernlanguagesinthetworespectivefamilies.

A.AlbanianB.RussianC.SlovenianD.Lithuanian

7.Theminimalmeaningfulunitsinalanguageareknownas__________.

A.wordsB.AllomorphsC.morphemesD.morphs

8.The________are"actualspoken,minimalcarriersofmeaning".

A.morphsB.AllomorphsC.morphemesD.allophones

9.Morphemesare_____units,whicharerealizedinspeechbydiscreteunitsknownas_______

A.concrete;allomorphsB.abstract;morphs

C.abstract;lexemesD.concrete;morphs

10.30%to40%ofthetotalnumberofnewwordsinEnglishareproducedthrough_________.

A.compoundingB.affixation

C.conversionD.shortening

11.Theprefixesmal-inmaltreat,mis-inmisleadingandpseudo-inpseudo-scientificare________prefixes.

A.negativeB.reversative

C.pejorativeD.locative

12.Awordisthecombinationof________and________.

A.spelling,soundB.form,meaning

C.spelling,meaningD.sound,meaning

13.Byformwereferto________.

A.itssymbolsB.itsspelling

C.itspronunciationD.bothitspronunciationandspelling

14.Referenceistherelationshipbetweenlanguageand________.

A.theworldB.theconcept

C.thesenseD.themotivation

15.Allofthefollowingaresenserelationsexcept________.

A.polysemyB.amelioration

C.homonymyD.antonymy

16.________isacommonfeaturepeculiartoallnaturallanguagesbecausethemajorityofwordshavemorethanonemeaning.

A.HyponymyB.Synonymy

C.PolysemyD.Homonymy

17.Whichofthefollowingwordsdoesnotundergotheprocessofnarrowingofmeaning?

A.Meat.B.Liquor.

C.Disease.D.Journal.

18.________factoristheonethatoftencontributestotheassociatedtransferofmeaningandeuphemisticuseofwords,etc.

A.ScientificB.Psychological

C.HistoricalD.Internal

19.Thechangeofwordmeaningisachievedbymodesof____

A.degradationandelevationB.transferenceandeuphemism

C.extensionandnarrowingD.alltheabove

20.Awordhasmeaningonlywhenaconnectionhasbeenestablishedbetweenthelinguisticsignanda________.

A.referenceB.referent

C.conceptD.sense

II.Completethefollowingstatementswithproperwordsorexpressionsaccordingtothecoursebook.（10%）

21.Lexicologyisabranchoflinguistics,studyingtheoriginsand________ofwords.

22.Awordisaminimalfreeformofalanguagethathasagivensound,meaningand________function.

23.ModernEnglishexpandsitsvocabularychieflythrough________.

24.ThethreemainmeansofcreatingnewwordsinmodernEnglishare________,compoundingandconversion.

25.Theoverwhelmingmajorityofblendsare________.

26.Wordsimitatingnaturalsoundsare________words.

27.Everywordthathasmeaninghassensebutnoteverywordhas_______.

28.Therelationshipbetweenthewordformandmeaningisconventionalandarbitrary,andmostwordscanbesaidtobe_______.

29.Componentialanalysis,accordingtoLeech,istheprocessofbreakingdownthesenseofawordintoits________components.

30.Atthetimewhenthewordswerecreated,itwasendowedwithonlyonemeaning.Thefirstmeaningisthe________meaningandthelattermeaningsare________meaning.

31.________isasemanticprocessinwhichtheprimarymeaningstandsatthecenterandthesecondarymeaningsproceedoutofitineverydirectionlikerays.

32.Extensionand______arethemostcommonmodesofwordmeaningchanges.

33.Narrowingofmeaningisalsoknownas______,whichistheoppositeof______.

34.Theextra-linguisticcontextreferstothe________situation,whichmayextendtoembracetheentire________.

35.Linguisticcontextcanbesubdividedinto_______contextand_____context.

36.Contextcanbedividedinto____and_____context.

37.Regardedasaderivationalprocesswithouttheadditionofanaffix,conversioncanbecalledas_______.

38.________arethemostcompletedescriptionofwordsavailabletous.Theyarelargeinscopeandsize,containingatleast200000headwords.

39.________aremedium-sizedonescontainingwordsrangingfrom50000to150000.Andtheyaremostusedondesk.

40.Basedonthedegreeofsimilarity,homonymsfallintothreetypes:

________,homographsand________.

题库

（2）

I.Eachofthestatementsbelowisfollowedbyfourchoices.Pleasechoosetheonethatbestcompleteseachstatement.（10%）

1.Accordingtotheoriginsofthewords,Englishwordscanbeclassifiedinto_________.

A.contentwordsandfunctionalwords

B.nativewordsandborrowedwords

C.basicwordsanddialectalwords

D.loanwordsanddialectalwords

2.Borrowingscanbedividedinto_______.

A.aliens,semanticloans,translationloans,denizens

B.emptywords,notionalwords,formwords,contentwords

C.blends,portmanteauwords,acronyms,initialisms

D.derivatives,compounds,convertedwordsandclippedwords

3.Apartfromthecharacteristicsofbasicvocabulary,nativewordshavetwootherfeatures,namely________.

A.productivityandstability

B.neutralityinstyleandhighfrequencyinuse

C.collocabilityandpolysemy

D.formalityandarbitrariness

4.WhichlanguagedoesnotbelongtotheItalic?

A.Portuguese.B.Spanish.

C.Welsh.D.French.

5.TheearlyinhabitantsoftheBritishIslesspoke________.

A.EnglishB.Celtic

C.ScandinavianD.Hellenic

6.TheGermanicspeakerstookpermanentcontrolofthelandthatwaslatercalled________（thelandofAngles）.

A.GermanB.Greece

C.EnglandD.American

7.Whichwordisnotamono-morphemicword?

A.Tree.B.Desire.

C.Look.D.Different.

8.Mostmorphemeswhichcan________bythemselvesand________freelyinasentencearerealizedbysinglemorphs.Wordsofthiskindarecalledmonomorphemicwords.

A.establish;changeB.stand;change

C.stand;functionD.establish;function

9.A________isaformtowhichaffixesofanykindcanbeadded.

A.rootB.stem

C.baseD.headword

10.Theprefixeslikeun-anddis-canberegardedbothasnegativeprefixesandasprivativeprefixes.Thejustificationoftheircategoryliesin________.

A.meaningB.function

C.collocationD.word-class

11.Someprefixesarecategorizedas________sincetheirchieffunctionistochangethebasefromonewordclasstoanother.

A.conversionprefixesB.prefixesoforientationandattitude

C.inflectionalprefixesD.prefixesoftimeandorder

12.Theconnectionbetweenthereferenceofawordandthethingoutsidethelanguageistheresultof________and________.

A.generalization,specificationB.generalization,abstraction

C.abstraction,specificationD.generalization,convention

13.Althoughreferenceisakindofabstraction,yetwiththehelpof________,itcanrefertosomethingspecific.

A.conceptB.sense

C.motivationD.context

14.Thetwoapproachestothedevelopmentofpolysemyare______and________..

A.diachronic;synchronicB.synchronic;syntagmatic

C.synchronic;paradigmaticD.diachronic;syntagmatic

15.Synchronically,thebasicmeaningofawordisthecoreofwordmeaning;itiscalledthe_______meaning.

A.primaryB.secondary

C.centralD.derived

16.Churlusedtobe"apeasant"or"freeman"hasnowcometodenote"uncultivatedormeanperson",whichbelongsto________ofwordmeaning.

A.elevationB.narrowing

C.extensionD.degradation

17.Ministeroriginallymeans"servant"whileinmoderntimeitrefersto"headofthegovernmentalministry".Thismodeofwordmeaningchangeis________.

A.extensionB.elevation

C.degradationD.transfer

18.Contextisofparamountimportancefortheunderstandingofwordmeaningbecausethemeaningisinfluencedimmediatelybythe________environment,andinmanycasesbythewhole________aswell.

A.linguistic;speechsituationB.grammatical;lexicalcontext

C.lexical;linguisticcontextD.lexical;extra-linguisticcontext

19.Contextinitsnarrowsenserefersto________context,andinitsbroadsense,itreferstobothlinguisticandnon-linguisticcontext.

A.lexicalB.non-linguistic

C.linguisticD.grammatical

20.Withcontextthereisgenerallynodangerof________,formeaninglivesincontextandthecontextthrowslighton________.

A.misinterpretation;conceptB.misinterpretation;meaning

C.interpretation;meaningD.understanding;reference

II.Completethefollowingstatementswithproperwordsorexpressionsaccordingtothecoursebook.（10%）

21.Verbcompoundsaregenerallycreatedeitherthrough________orbackformation.

22.Compoundsarelargelytheresultsof________ofphrases.

23.Ifweneedawordwhichisnotfound,wecaneasilymakeonethrough________orrearrangementofword-formingelements.

24.Affectivemeaningindicatesthespeaker's________towardsthepersonorthinginquestion.

25.Inthesentence,"Knowledgeofinequalityhasstimulatedenvy,ambitionandgreed.",ambitionhasa________connotation.

26.Suchwordsasgoody-goody,willy-nillyandfi