英语科技论文写作第二版吴江梅答案.pdf

英语科技论文写作第二版吴江梅答案.pdf

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Unit1KeytoSectionA1.InformationSearchingbooks（!

Mlfrr）;articlesCt）;governmentdocuments（i&c!

ffiX）;manuscripts（-=ffiWi）;archivalmaterials（ftJf-t）;maps;visualmaterials;dissertations（1iziiX）;interviews;surveysreferenceliterature（）（ix）;scientificjournals;industryjournals;librarycatalogs（:

JR）;bibliographies（）（ix）;cardcatalogs（:

!

RT）;dictionaries;textbooks（t!

f-445）almanacs（4）;directories;factbooks（Fff-t-=fflfr）;guidebooks（iffi,-=fflfr）;indexes（5I）;abstracts;bibliographiesusedtolocateprimaryandsecondarysources;manuals2.1）Primarysources:

books;scientificjournals;industryjournals;governmentdocuments;manuscriptsandarchivalmaterials;maps;visualmaterials;dissertations;interviews;surveys2）Secondarysources:

referenceliterature;journalsofabstracts;librarycatalogs;bibliographies;dictionaries;textbooks3）Tertiarysources:

almanacs;chronologies;directories;factbooks;guidebooks;indexes;abstracts;bibliographiesusedtolocateprimaryandsecondarysources;manuals4）Aprimarysourceisanoriginalsourceoftheinformationbeingdiscussed.Itcanbeapersonwithdirectknowledgeofasituation,oradocumentcreatedbysuchaperson.Secondarysourcescite,commenton,orbuilduponprimarysources;however,thedistinctionbetweenthemisnotasharpone.Asecondarysourcemayalsobeaprimarysourcedependingonhowitisused.Insomeacademicdisciplinesthedistinctionbetweenasecondaryandtertiarysourceisrelative.Whatsomedefineasasecondarysource,othersdefineasatertiarysource.Contextiseverything.Astertiarysources,encyclopediasandtextbooksattempttosummarizeandconsolidatethesourcematerialsintoanoverview,butmayalsopresentsubjectivecommentaryandanalysis（whicharecharacteristicsofasecondarysource）.13.1）Peopledependedonmanualretrievalbeforecomputerswerewidelyused.2）Openquestion.3）Openquestion.4）Electronicinformationsourcesaremainlydividedintothefollowingtwotypes:

electronicperiodicalindex&databaseandInternetsearchengine.Electronicperiodicalindex&databasereferstovariousdatabasesincomputerizedretrievalsystems,suchastheitemsintherighthandbox;InternetsearchenginesreferstoWorldWideWebsearchengines,suchastheitemsinthelefthandbox.4.Materialslocatedusingtheelectronicperiodicalindex&databaseareofacademiclevel.However,mostmaterialsontheWWWhavenotgonethroughapeer-revieworevaluation.Therefore,generallyspeaking,informationobtainedusingdatabasejournaltoolsismorereliableandaccurate.5.1）ScienceCitationIndex;SocialSciencesCitationIndex;ArtsandHumanitiesCitationIndex.6.TIAUJNsoISSNLAYRAB2SearchFieldsTitleofthearticleAuthorofthearticleJournaltitleSource-adifferentwayofindicatingthejournaltitleInternationalStandardSerialNumberLanguageofthearticleYearofpublicationAbstract-abriefsummaryofthearticlecontentgovernmentagencieseducationalinstitutionsorganizations（nonprofit）commercialbusinessUnit1InformationS.mil.intworkorganizationsmilitaryinternational1）Theitemsincludepublicationtime,publishingsource,researchproject,citedfrequency,downloadedfrequency,etc.2）Theresultsarenarroweddownduetothespecificresearchfieldordatabase.3）Theresultsarerankedaccordingtodownloadedfrequency,citedfrequencyandarticlespublishedtime.9.1）Correct.2）Correct.3）Incorrect.Simplesearchesarequickandhandy;theymayreturntoomanyresults.Moreadvancedtechniqueswillnarrowthesearchtohelpyoufindwhatyoureallywant.KeytoSectionB1.Booleanlogicoperators;Truncationoperators;Wildcardoperators;Proximityoperators2.l）ABC2）OperatorANDORNOT3）InterpretationssearchonlydocumentsthatcontaineveryoneofthewordsyouenterreturndocumentsinwhicheitherorbothwordsappearreturnonlyyourfirstwordbutnotthesecondANDORNOT33.1）Correct.2）Correct.3）Incorrect.OperatorNOTisgenerallyusedtonarrowthesearchresult,butitmaynotimprovetheaccuracyofthesearchresult.Besides,sinceithasthepossibilitytoexcludesomerelateddocuments,weshoulduseitwithcaution.4.1）Ifyouwanttosearchfortermswithandinaphrase,suchasblackandblue,youshouldtypethephraseintothesearchboxandencloseitindoublequotesasblackandblue.2）Wecanuseparenthesestoclarifyrelationshipsbetweensearchterms.Forexample,（TVorradio）andoldpeopleThissearchretrievesbothTVandoldpeopleandradioandoldpeople.5.1）Asterisk（*）isusedasthesymbolofTruncationoperators.2）Thefunctionofthisoperatoristoretrievedocumentscontainingvariationsonasearchterm.3）Questionmark（?

）isthesymbolofwildcardoperators.4）Thefunctionofthisoperatoristoretrievealltermsmatchingyoursearchtermthathaveanysinglecharacterinthepositionoccupiedby?

.6.1）TheproximityoperatorWITHisusedtoretrievedocumentswheretheproximitylocationofthetwosearchtermsappearsintheordertyped.2）TheproximityoperatorNEARisusedtoretrievedocumentswheretheproximitylocationofthetwosearchtermsappearsinanyorder.3）ThenumberprecedingWITHrequiresthetermstooccurwithuptothatnumberofotherwordsbetweenthetwotermsintheordertyped.4）ThenumberprecedingNEARrequiresthetermstooccurwithuptothatnumberofotherwordsbetweenthetwotermsineithertheordertypedorthereverseorder.4Unit1InformationSearching7.1）TheyareAltavista,Google,andCNKI.2）TheusageofoperatorNOT.3）OperatorNOTmanifestsasNOTinAltavista;13inCNKI,however,itdoesntworkinGoogle.4）Togettheexactusageoftheseoperatorsinaspecificdatabaseorengine,youcanconsultthehelppagesofthedatabaseyouareusingtoseewhatproximityoperatorsworkforit.KeytoSectionC1.1）ThisfactindicatesthatsearchinGoogleisnotcasesensitive.2）Thisfactindicatesthat,generally,symbolssuchas#$%A&,etc.areignoredinGooglesearch.3）SpacekeycanbeusedtoreplaceoperatorANDinGooglesearch.2.1）Openquestion.2）ImFeelingLuckyisanothersearchbuttonbesidesGoogleSearch.ComparedwithGoogleSearch,thesearchresultsobtainedthroughImFeelingLuckyaremoreprecisebecausesomeunrelatedinformation,suchasadvertisements,areeliminatedautomatically.3）GoogleScholarprovidesasimplewaytobroadlysearchforscholarlyliterature.Fromoneplace,youcansearchacrossmanydisciplinesandsources:

articles,theses,books,abstractsandcourtopinions,fromacademicpublishers,professionalsocieties,onlinerepositories,universitiesandotherwebsites.GoogleScholarhelpsyoufindrelevantworkacrosstheworldofscholarlyresearch.4）Whenweclicktheitem:

fllkX*showninScreenshot3,wewillgettherelatedsixarticlesasshowninScreenshot4.53.OperatorsExamplesFunctionsitegraduatesite:

edu.enGooglewillrestricttheresultstothesiteordomainyouspecify.linklink:

Googlewillshowpagesthatpointtothatuniformresourcelocator（URL）.relatedrelated:

Googlewilllistwebpagesyouspecified.filetypeforestryfiletype:

pdfGooglecanrestricttheresultstopageswhosenamesendinthissuffix.6Unit2KeytoSectionA1.Omitted.2.ResearchPaperandTitleResearcharticle:

theresearchpaperdefinedinex1.Academicdissertation:

aresearchpaperonacourse-relatedsubjectforauniversitydegree.Scientificthesis:

writingbasedonastudentsownresearchforgraduationoracademicdegree.ReviewCt:

i）:

anexaminationanddiscussionofarangeofinformationrelevanttoaparticularsubject.Communication:

importantinformationexchangeinarelevantjournalorwebsite.Rapidreport:

anewoccurrencereportedinthemediumofarelevantscientificfield.Lettertotheeditor:

pointscommunicatedtotheeditorofacertainjournal.Paperofempiricalresearch（iili-liJf）:

paperontheresearchbasedonthedatacollectedfromexperimentsorexperienceratherthanideasortheories.Paperoftheoreticalresearch:

paperonaresearchconcernedwiththeideasonwhichaparticularsubjectisbased,ratherthanwithpracticeandexperiments.Paperoftheoreticalapplication:

paperonaresearchtouseortofurtherunderstandacertaintheoryinpracticalfields.Paperoftextualresearch:

paperonresearchofatopicconcludedfromdataofliterature.Paperoftechnicalcompetence:

paperonresearchofpracticaltechnologyproblemsorapplication.Generallyspeaking,theempiricalresearchiscommoninscienceandengineeringandincreasinglypopularinsomedisciplinesofliberalarts,whiletheoreticalderivationisageneralapproachinpurescienceandtextualdataarestudiedinsomehumanities.1）Anargumentativeresearchpaper3）Ananalyticalresearchpaper2）Apersuasiveresearchpaper4）Aninformativeresearchpaper73.researchquality6）originality4）creativity2）academicsignificance11）academicproperty7）repeatabilitywritingskills8）sufficientevidence5）standardization12）logicaldevelopmentofmeaning2）formalstyle4）complexsentences1）correctgrammar10）accurateexpressions13）correctjoumalformat14）convincingandvalid15）complete,concise,clearandcoherent4.1）,3）,4）,8）5.Ascientistmustnotestablishahypothesisboldlywithoutcarefulthinkingandoverallunderstandingabouttheresearchwork.Asamatteroffact,hypothesisisavitalstepinresearchbasedonthoughtfulanalysisofpreviousresearchesandtheirlimitationsorproblems,andapossiblesolution.However,ascientistshouldbecreative,innovativeandpioneeringtobreakthroughthepreviousresearch.Thatmaybethemeaningofboldhypothesis.6.1）,2）,4）,6）,8）3）:

Tofocusontheproposalwritingratherthanonthedevelopmentofresearchideas.5）:

Letthequalityofyourresearchworkspeak.7）:

Thedisciplinethesiscommitteehastherighttodecidewhetheritcanbecontinued.7.a）-6,b-1,c）-5,d）-2,e）-4,f）-38.Thegeneralorderis:

2）9）6）1O）7）1）3）4）5）11）8）121314.Althoughitmaycoincid