六级阅读理解两篇.docx

六级阅读理解两篇.docx

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六级阅读理解两篇

ReadingComprehension

Passageone

TherewasatimenotlongagowhennewsciencePhDsintheUnitedStateswereexpectedtopursueacareerpathinacademia（学术界）.Buttoday,mostgraduatesendupworkingoutsideacademia,notonlyinindustrybutalsoincareerssuchassciencepolicy,communications,andpatentlaw.Partlythisisaresultofhowbleaktheacademicjobmarketis,butthere’salsoarisingawarenessofcareeroptionsthatPhDscientistshaven’ttrainedfordirectly—butforwhichtheyhaveusefulknowledge,skills,andexperience.Still,there’sahugedisconnectbetweenthewaywecurrentlytrainscientistsandtheactualemploymentopportunitiesavailableforthem,andanurgentneedfordramaticimprovementsintrainingprogramstohelpclosethegap.OnecriticalstepthatcouldhelptodrivechangewouldbetorequirePhDstudentsandpostdoctoralscientiststofollowanindividualdevelopmentplan（IDP）.

In2002,theU.S.FederationofAmericanSocietiesforExperimentalBiologyrecommendedthateverypostdoctoralresearcherputtogetheranIDPinconsultationwithanadviser.Sincethen,severalacademicinstitutionshavebeguntorequireIDPsforpostdocs.AndinJune,theU.S.NationalInstitutesofHealth（NIH）BiomedicalResearchWorkforceWorkingGrouprecommendedthattheNIHrequireIDPsfortheapproximately32,000postdoctoralresearcherstheysupport.Otherfundingagencies,publicandprivate,aremovinginasimilardirection.

IDPshavelongbeenusedbygovernmentagenciesandtheprivatesectortoachievespecificgoalfortheemployeeandtheorganization.Theaimistoensurethatemployeeshaveanexplicittooltohelpthemunderstandtheirownabilitiesandaspirations,determinecareerpossibilities,andset（usuallyshort-term）goals.Inscience,graduatestudentsandnewPhDscientistscanuseanIDPtoidentifyandnavigateaneffectivecareerpath.

AfreeWebapplicationforthispurpose,calledmyIDP,hasbecomeavailablethisweek.It’sdesignedtoguideearly-careerscientiststhroughaconfidential,rigorousprocessofintrospection（内省）tocreateacustomizedcareerplan.Guidedbyexpertknowledgefromapanelofsciencefocusedcareeradvisers,eachtrainee’sself-assessmentisusedtorankasetofcareertrajectories（轨迹）.Aftertheuserhasidentifiedalong-termcareergoal,myIDPwalksherorhimthroughtheprocessofsettingshort-termgoalsdirectedtowardaccumulatingnewskillsandexperiencesimportantforthatcareerchoice.

AlthoughsurveysrevealtheIDPprocesstobeuseful,traineesreportaneedforadditionalresourcestohelpthemidentifyalong-termcareerpathandcompleteanIDP.Thus,myIDPwillbemosteffectivewhenit’sembeddedinlargercareer-developmentefforts.Forexample,universitiescouldincorporateIDPsintotheirgraduatecurriculatohelpstudentsdiscuss,plan,preparefor,andachievetheirlong-termcareergoals.

56.WhatdowelearnaboutnewsciencePhDsintheUnitedStatedtoday?

A）Theylacktheskillsandexpertiseneededfortheirjobs.

B）Theycanchoosefromawiderrangeofwell-payingjobs.

C）Theyoftenhavetoseekjobsoutsidetheacademiccircle.

D）Theyareregardedasthenation’sdrivingforceofchange.

57.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutAmerica’sPhDtraining?

A）Itshouldbeimprovedtobettersuitthejobmarket.

B）Itiscloselylinkedtofuturecareerrequirements.

C）Itshouldbere-orientedtocareersoutsideacademia.

D）Itincludesagreatvarietyofpracticalcourses.

58.WhatwasrecommendedforPhDsandpostdoctoralresearchers?

A）Theymeettheurgentneedsofthecorporateworld.

B）Along-termcareergoalbesetasearlyaspossible.

C）AnIDPbemadeinconsultationwithanadviser.

D）Theyacquireanexplicittooltohelpobtainjobs.

59.GovernmentagenciesandtheprivatesectoroftenuseIDPsto.

A）bringintofullplaytheskillsandexpertiseoftheirpostdoctoralresearchers

B）helpemployeesmakethebestuseoftheirabilitiestoachievetheircareergoals

C）placeemployeesinthemostappropriatepositions

D）hirethemostsuitablecandidatestoworkforthem

60.WhatdoweknowaboutmyIDP?

A）Itisaneffectivetoolofself-assessmentandintrospectionforbettercareerplans.

B）Itenablespeopletolookintovariouspossibilitiesandchoosethecareertheylove.

C）Itpromisesalong-termcareerpath.

D）Itispartofthegraduatecurricula.

答案：

CACBA（更换字体颜色可见）

Passagetwo

Justoveradecadeintothe21stcentury,women’sprogresscanbecelebratedacrossarangeoffields.TheyholdthehighestpoliticalofficesfromThailandtoBrazil,CostaRicatoAustralia.AwomanholdsthetopspotattheInternationalMonetaryFund;anotherwontheNobelPrizeineconomics.Self-madebillionairesinBeijing,techinnovatorsinSiliconValley,pioneeringjusticesinGhana—intheseandcountlessotherareas,womenareleavingtheirmark.

Butholdtheapplause.InSaudiArabia,womenaren’tallowedtodrive.InPakistan,1,000womendieinhonorkillingseveryyear.Inthedevelopedworld,womenlagbehindmeninpayandpoliticalpower.ThepovertyrateamongwomenintheU.S.roseto14.5%lastyear.

Tomeasurethestateofwomen’sprogress,Newsweekranked165countries,lookingatfiveareasthataffectwomen’slives:

treatmentunderthelaw,workforceparticipation,politicalpower,andaccesstoeducationandhealthcare.AnalyzingdatafromtheUnitedNationsandtheWorldEconomicForum,amongothers,andconsultingwithexpertsandacademics,wemeasured28factorstocomeupwithourrankings.

CountrieswiththehighestscorestendtobeclusteredintheWest,wheregenderdiscriminationisagainstthelaw,andequalrightsareconstitutionallyenshrined（神圣化）.Butthereweresomesurprises.Someotherwisehigh-rankingcountrieshadrelativelylowscoresforpoliticalrepresentation.Canadarankedthirdoverallbut26thinpower,behindcountriessuchasCubaandBurundi.Doesthissuggestthatawomaninanation’stopofficetranslatestobetterlivesforwomeningeneral?

Notexactly.“Tryingtoquantifyormeasuretheimpactofwomeninpoliticsishardbecauseinveryfewcountrieshavetherebeenenoughwomeninpoliticstomakeadifference.”saysAnne-MarieGoetz,peaceandsecurityadviserforU.N.Women.

Ofcourse,noindexcanaccountforeverything.Declaringthatonecountryisbetterthananotherinthewaythatittreatsmorethanhalfitscitizensmeansrelyingonbroadstrokesandgeneralities.Somethingssimplycan’tbemeasured.Andcross-culturalcomparisonscan’taccountfordifferencesofopinion.

Certainconclusionsarenonethelessclear.Foronething,ourindexbacksupasimplebutprofoundstatementmadebyHillaryClintonattherecentAsia-PacificEconomicCooperationsummit.“Whenweliberatetheeconomicpotentialofwomen,weelevatetheeconomicperformanceofcommunities,nations,andtheworld,”shesaid.“There’sastimulativeeffectthatkicksinwhenwomenhavegreateraccesstojobsandtheeconomiclivesofourcountries:

Greaterpoliticalstability.Fewermilitaryconflicts.Moreeducationalopportunityforchildren.Byharnessingtheeconomicpotentialofallwomen,weboostopportunityforallpeople.”

61.Whatdoestheauthorthingaboutwomen’sprogresssofar?

A）Itstillleavesmuchtobedesired.

B）Itistooremarkabletobemeasured.

C）Ithasgreatlychangedwomen’sfate.

D）Itisachievedthroughhardstruggle.

62.Inwhatcountrieshavewomenmadethegreatestprogress?

A）Wherewomenholdkeypostsingovernment.

B）Wherewomen’srightsareprotectedbylaw.

C）Wherewomen’sparticipationinmanagementishigh.

D）Wherewomenenjoybettereducationandhealthcare.

63.WhatdoNewsweekrankingsrevealaboutwomeninCanada?

A）Theycarelittleaboutpoliticalparticipation.

B）Theyaregenerallytreatedasequalsbymen.

C）Theyhaveasurprisinglylowsocialstatus.

D）Theyareunderrepresentedinpolitics.

64.WhatdoesAnne-MarieGoetzthingofawomanbeinginanation’stopoffice?

A）Itdoesnotnecessarilyraisewomen’spoliticalawareness.

B）Itdoesnotguaranteeabetterlifeforthenation’swomen.

C）Itenhanceswomen’sstatus.

D）Itboostswomen’sconfidence.

65.WhatdoesHillaryClintonsuggestwedotomaketheworldabetterplace?

A）Givewomenmorepoliticalpower.

B）Stimulatewomen’screativity.

C）Allowwomenaccesstoeducation.

D）Tapwomen’seconomicpotential.

答案：

ABDBD（更换字体颜色可见）