职称英语等级考试试题及答案解析理工类B级.docx

职称英语等级考试试题及答案解析理工类B级.docx

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职称英语等级考试试题及答案解析理工类B级

2009年职称英语等级考试试题及答案解析理工类（B级）

第1部分：

词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）

   下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为

接近的选项。

1Wouldyoupleasecallmyhusbandassoonaspossible?

 Aphone   Bvisit

 Cconsult  Dinvite

2Wehadalongconversationaboutherparents

 Aspeech   Bquestion

 Cdebate   DtaIk

3Thechairmanproposedthatwestopthemeeting

 Astated   Bannounced

 CsuggestedDdemanded

4Obviouslythesepeoplecanbereliedoninacrisis.

 Adependedon Blivedon

 Cbelievedin  Djoinedin

5ThereisalwaysexcitementattheOlympicGameswhenanathlete—breaksarecord

   Amaintains   Bbeats

   C matches   Dtries

6Allthepupilsseemtobeverycheerful.

   Ahealthy   Bhappy

Cnaughty  Dbusy

7Thetraditionalpaintingsareexhibitedonthesecondfloor

 Adisplayed   Blaid

 Ckept       Dstored

8Shestoodthere，shakingwithfury.

 Amisery   Blaughter

 Ccry      Danger

9MaryevidentlyisthemostdiligentstudentamongUS

 Aintelligent   Bbeautiful

 Chardworking Dtalkative

10PersistentattemptstointerviewGarbowerefruitless．

 A Forceful   B Reasonable

 C Fjml      D Continuous

11Whycan’tyoustopyoureternalcomplaining?

 Along   Beverlasting

 CtemporaryDboring

12Hundredsofbuildingswerewreckedbytheeadhquake

 Adanlaged   Bshaken

 cfallen      Djumped

13Thesepaintingsareconsideredbymanytobeauthentic.

 Afaithful   Broyal

 Csincere   Dgenuine

14Manyeconomistshavegivenintothefatallureofmathematics

 Asimp]icity   Battraction

 Cpower      Drigor

15Tenyearsaftertheevent,herdeathstillremainsapuzzle

 Amist   Bfog

 Csecret   Dmystery

第2部分：

阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）

   下面的短文后列出了7个句于，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：

如果该句提

供的是正确信息，请选择A：

如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B：

如果该句的信息文中

没有提及，请选择C。

RadiocarbonDating

   Nowadaysscientistscananswermanyquestionsaboutthepastthroughatechniquecalledradiocarbon（放射性碳），orcarbon-14；datingOnekeytounderstandinghowandwhysomethinghappenedistodiscoverwhenithappenedRadiocarbondatingwasdevelopedinthelate1940sbyphysicistWillardF.LibbyattheUniversityofChicagoAnatomofordinarycarbon，calledcarbon-12，hassixprotons（质子）andsixneutrons（中子）initsnucleus.Carbon-14，orC-14．isaradioacliveunstableformofcarbonthathastwoextraneutrons（原子核）itreturnstoamorestablefromofcarbonthroughaprocesscalleddecay（衰减）Thisprocessinvolvesthelossoftheextraneutronsandenergyfromthenucleus

   InLibby’sradiocarbondatingtechnique，theweakradioactiveemissions（放射）fromthisdecayprocesserecountedbyinstrumentssuchasaradiationdetectorandcounterthedecayrateisusedtodeterminetheproportionofC-14atomsinthesamplebeingdated.

   Carbon-14isproducedintheEarth’satmospherewhennitrogen（氮）-14,orN-14,interactswithcosmicrays（宇宙射线）.ScientistsbelievesincetheEarthwasformedtheamountofnitrogenintheatmospherehasremainedconstant.ConsequentlyC-14formationisthoughttooccurataconstantrate.NowtheratioofC-14toothercarbonatomsintheatmosphereisknown.Mostscientistsagreethatthisradioisusefulfordatingitemsbacktoatleast50.000years.

   AlllifeonEarthismadeoforganicmolecules（分子）thatcontaincarbonatomscomingfromtheatmosphere.SoaIllivingthingshaveaboutthesameratioofC-14atomstoothercarbonatomsintheirtissues（组织）.Onceanorganism（有机体）diesitstopstakingincarboninanyform，andtheC-14alreadypresentbeginstodecay．OvertimetheamountofC-14inthematerialdecreases，andtheratioofC-14toothercarbonatomsgoesdown.Intermsofradiocarbondating，thefewerC-14atomsinasampletheolderthatsampleis

16Nowadaysmanyscientistsdepend013radiocarbonfordatingage-oldobjects

 ARight   BWrong   CNotmentioned

17Theradiocarbondatingtechniqueisonlyabout40yearsold

 ARight   BWrong   CNotmentioned

18Anatomofordinarycarbonhassixprotonsandeightneutrons

 ARight   BWrong   CNotmentioned

19Radarisusedtodeterminethecharacteristicsofradiocarbon

 ARight   BWrong   cNotmentioned

20Radiocarbonisreliableindatinganobjectbacktoatleast50．000years

 ARight   BWrong   CNotmentioned

21TheC-14 inanorganismbeginstodecaywhenitdies

 ARight   日Wrong   CNotmentioned

 22Thehalf-lifeofC-14isabout25．000years

ARight   BWrong   CNotmentioned

第3部分：

概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）

Chimpanzees

1 Chimpanzees（黑猩猩）willsoonbeextinct（灭绝）.Ifthepresentrateofhuntingandhabitat（栖息地）destructioncontinues，thenwithin20years，therewillbenochimpanzeeslivinginthewildButthisismorethananenvironmentalormoraltragedy（悲剧）Chimpanzeeextinctionmayalsohaveprofoundimplications（含意）forthesurvivaloftheirdistantrelatives—humanbeings

2 lnl975thebiologistMade-ClaireKingandAllanWilsondiscoveredthatthehumanandchimpanzeegenomes（基因组）matchbyover98％Comparethistothemouse．usedasmodelforhumandiseaseinlabtests，whichsharesonly60％ofitsDNAwithusinfactchimpanzeesarefarmoresimilartohumansthantheyaretoanyotherspeciesofmonkeyAswellasresemblingusgenetically,chimpsarehighlyintelligentandabletousetootsThesefactsaloneshouldbeenoughtomakeprotectionofchimpsanurgentpriority（优先）.Butthereisanother，moreselfishreasontopreservethechimp

3Thechimpanzees’trumpcard（王牌）comesinthefieldofmedicalresearch.Chimpanzeesaresosimilartohumansthatvetednarians（兽医）oftenrefertohumanmedicaltextbookswhentreatingthem.Yetchimpanzeesdoshowdifferencesinseveralkeyareas.Inparticular,chimpsaremuchmoreresistanttoanumberofmajordiseasesItisthisabilitythatissointeresting.

4 Forexample，chimpsseemtoshowamuchhigherresistancethanhumanstoHIV,theviresthatcausesAIDS.Indeed，theiruseasexperimentalanimalsinAIDSresearchhasdeclinedbecausetheyaresoresistant.

5 Bysequencingthechimpgenomeandpinpointing（找到）theplacewherethechimpanzeeDNAsequencediffersfromthatofhumans,scientistshopetobeabletodiscoverwhichpartofthegeneticcodegiveschimpstheirincreasedresistancetosomediseases.This，theyhope，willallowthemtodevelopnewandmoreeffectivetreatmentsforthehumanformsofthesediseases.Suchtreatmentscouldincludetheproductionofnewdrugsoreventhealteration（改变）ofthehumangeneticsequence.Therecentlycompletedhumangenomesequencingprojecthasshownthatsuchaneffortisnowwellwithinourreach.

23Paragraph l  ________     

24Paragraph 2  ________     

25Paragraph 3  ________     

26Paragraph 4  ________      

AGeneticdifferencesbetweenchimpsandhumans

BReasonsforHIVresistance

CImplicationsofchimpanzeeextinctionforhumans

DEffectiveAIDStreatment

EGeneticsimilaritiesbetweenchimpsandhumans

F Chimps’resistancetoHIV

27Chimpanzeeextinctionmayaffect________             

28Thereisadifferenceoflessthan2％betweenthechimpand ________         

29Scientistssuspectthatgenesplayasignificantroleinprotectingchimpsfromgetting ________     

30Thediscoveryofthegeneticcodeofchimpswillbehelpfulto ________      

A healthierlifestyle

B somehumandiseasetreatments

C somediseases

D humansurvival

E humangenomes

F keyareas

第4部分：

阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文．每篇短文后有5道题。

请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项

第一篇 Water

 Thesecondmostimportantconstituent（构成成份）ofthebiosphere（生物圈）isliquidwaterThiscanonlyexistinaverynarrowrangeoftemperatures，sincewaterfreezesat100Candboilsat100CLifeasweknowitwouldonlybepossibleonthesurfaceofaplanetwhichhadtemperaturessomewherewithinthisnarrowrange.

 Theearth’ssupplyof waterprobablyremainsfairlyconstantinquantity．Thetotalquantityofwaterisnotknownveryaccurately,butitisaboutenoughtocoverthesurfaceoftheglobetoadepthofabouttwoandthree-quarterkilometersMostof itisintheformofthesaltwateroftheoceans—about97percent.Therestisfresh．Butthree-quartersofthisisinthefomoficeatthePolesandonmountainsandcannotbeusedbylivingsystemsuntilmelted.Oftheremainingfraction，whichissomewhatlessthanonepercentofthewhole．thereis10—20timesasmuchstoredundergroundwaterasthereisactuallyonthesurfaceThereisalsoatiny,butextremelyimportantfractionofthewatersupplywhichispresentaswatervapourintheatmosphere

 Watervapourintheatmosphereisthechannelthroughwhichthewholewatercirculation（循环）ofthebiospherehastopassWaterevaporated（蒸发）fromthesurfaceoftheoceans，fromlakesandriversandfrommoist（潮湿的）earthisaddedtoit.Fromitthewatercomesoutagainasrainorsnow，fallingoneithertheseaortheland.Thereis，asmightbeexpecte,amoreintensiveevaporationperunitareaovertheseaandoceansthanovertheIand，butthereIsmorerainfallovertheIandthanovertheoceansandthebalanceisrestoredbytherunofffromthelandintheformofrivers

31Liquidwateronlyexists

 Ainthecenteroftheearth

 Bonthesurfaceofourplanet

 Cinthecoastalareasoftheearth

 Dinaverynarrowrangeoftemperatures

32ThetotalquantityofwateronEarth

 Ahasgreatlyincreasedinrecentyears

 Bremainsalmostunchanged

 Cisdecreasingconstantly

 Disaffectedbyglobalwarming

33MostofthefreshwateronEarth

 AisintheformoficeatthePolesandonmountains

 Bisstoredunderground

 Cisfoundinriversandlakes

 Dcomesfromtherain

34Theword“fraction”inthesecondparagraphmeans

   Aalargearea

   Baverysmallamount

   Canimportantsystem

   Damajorsource