计算机英语 第3版 课后习题答案 完整版.docx

计算机英语 第3版 课后习题答案 完整版.docx

《计算机英语 第3版 课后习题答案 完整版.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《计算机英语 第3版 课后习题答案 完整版.docx（12页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

计算机英语第3版课后习题答案完整版

参考答案

Unit1SectionA（P8）

I．Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:

1．CharlesBabbage;AugustaAdaByron

2．input;output

3．VLSI

4．workstations;mainframes

5．vacuum;transistors

6．instructions;software

7．digit;eight;byte

8．microminiaturization;chip

II．TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:

1．artificialintelligence人工智能

2．paper-tapereader纸空阅读机

3．opticalcomputer光学计算机

4．neuralnetwork神经网络

5．instructionset指令集

6．parallelprocessing平行处理

7．differenceengine差分机

8．versatilelogicalelement通用逻辑器件

9．siliconsubstrate硅基

10．vacuumtube真空管（电子管）

11．thestorageandhandlingofdata数据的存储与处理

12．verylarge-scaleintegratedcircuit超大规模集成电路

13．centralprocessingunit中央处理器

14．personalcomputer个人计算机

15．analoguecomputer模拟计算机

16．digitalcomputer数字计算机

17．general-purposecomputer通用计算机

18．processorchip处理器芯片

19．operatinginstructions操作指令

20．inputdevice输入设备

21．

III．Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:

Wecandefineacomputerasadevicethatacceptsinput,processesdata,storesdata,andproducesoutput.Accordingtothemodeofprocessing,computersareeitheranalogordigital.Theycanbeclassifiedasmainframes,minicomputers,workstations,ormicrocomputers.Allelse（forexample,theageofthemachine）beingequal,thiscategorizationprovidessomeindicationofthecomputer’sspeed,size,cost,andabilities.

Eversincetheadventofcomputers,therehavebeenconstantchanges.First-generationcomputersofhistoricsignificance,suchasUNIVAC,introducedintheearly1950s,werebasedonvacuumtubes.Second-generationcomputers,appearingintheearly1960s,werethoseinwhichtransistorsreplacedvacuumtubes.Inthird-generationcomputers,datingfromthe1960s,integratedcircuitsreplacedtransistors.Infourth-generationcomputerssuchasmicrocomputers,whichfirstappearedinthemid-1970s,large-scaleintegrationenabledthousandsofcircuitstobeincorporatedononechip.Fifth-generationcomputersareexpectedtocombinevery-large-scaleintegrationwithsophisticatedapproachestocomputing,includingartificialintelligenceandtruedistributedprocessing.

Unit2SectionA（P34）

I．Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:

1．input;output;storage

2．BasicInputOutputSystem

3．flatbedscanners;hand-heldscanners

4．LCD-based

5．dot-matrixprinters;inkjetprinters

6．diskdrives;memory

7．Volatile

8．serial;parallel

II．TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:

1．Functionkey功能键

2．voicerecognitionmodule语音识别模块

3．touch-sensitiveregion触感区，触摸区

4．addressbus地址总线

5．flatbedscanner平板扫描仪

6．dot-matrixprinter点阵打印机（针式打印机）

7．parallelconnection并行连接

8．cathoderaytube阴极射线管

9．videogame电子游戏（港台亦称电玩）

10．audiosignal音频信号

11．operatingsystem操作系统

12．LCD（liquidcrystaldisplay）液晶显示（器）

13．inkjetprinter喷墨打印机

14．databus数据总线

15．serialconnection串行连接

16．volatilememory易失性存储器

17．laserprinter激光打印机

18．diskdrive磁盘驱动器

19．BIOS（BasicInputOutputSystem）基本输入输出系统

20．videodisplay视频显示器

III．Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:

CD-ROMstandsforcompactdiskread-onlymemory.Unlikefloppyandharddisks,whichusemagneticchargestorepresent1sand0s,opticaldisksusereflectedlight.OnaCD-ROMdisk,1sand0sarerepresentedbyflatareasandbumpyareas（called“pits”）onitsbottomsurface.TheCD-ROMdiskisreadbyalaserthatprojectsatinybeamoflightontheseareas.Theamountofreflectedlightdetermineswhetherthearearepresentsa1ora0.

LikeacommercialCDfoundinmusicstores,aCD-ROMisa“read-only”disk.Read-onlymeansitcannotbewrittenonorerasedbytheuser.Thus,youasauserhaveaccessonlytothedataimprintedbythepublisher.

AsingleCD-ROMdiskcanstore650megabytesofdata.Thatisequivalentto451floppydisks.Withthatmuchinformationonasingledisk,thetimetoretrieveoraccesstheinformationisveryimportant.AnimportantcharacteristicofCD-ROMdrivesistheiraccessrate.

Unit3SectionA（P57）

I．Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:

1．artificial;instructions

2．low-level;high-level

3．low-level

4．Machine

5．functional;logic

6．Statement

7．Module

8．digital

II．TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:

1．storageregister存储寄存器

2．functionstatement函数语句

3．programstatement程序语句

4．object-orientedlanguage面向对象语言

5．assemblylanguage汇编语言

6．intermediatelanguage中间语言，中级语言

7．relationallanguage关系（型）语言

8．artificiallanguage人造语言

9．datadeclaration数据声明

10．SQL结构化查询语言

11．executableprogram可执行程序

12．programmodule程序模块

13．conditionalstatement条件语句

14．assignmentstatement赋值语句

15．logiclanguage逻辑语言

16．machinelanguage机器语言

17．procedurallanguage过程语言

18．programminglanguage程序设计语言

19．runacomputerprogram运行计算机程序

20．computerprogrammer计算机程序设计员

III．Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:

Aprogramminglanguageisalanguageusedtowriteinstructionsforthecomputer.Itletstheprogrammerexpressdataprocessinginasymbolicmannerwithoutregardtomachine-specificdetails.

Thedifficultyofwritingprogramsinthemachinelanguageof0sand1sledfirsttothedevelopmentofassemblylanguage,whichallowsprogrammerstousemnemonicsforinstructionsandsymbolsforvariables.Suchprogramsarethentranslatedbyaprogramknownasanassemblerintothebinaryencodingusedbythecomputer.Otherpiecesofsystemsoftwareknownaslinkingloaderscombinepiecesofassembledcodeandloadthemintothemachine’smainmemoryunit,wheretheyarethenreadyforexecution.Theconceptoflinkingseparatepiecesofcodewasimportant,sinceitallowed“libraries”ofprogramstobebuiltuptocarryoutcommontasks—afirststeptowardtheincreasinglyemphasizednotionofsoftwarereuse.Assemblylanguagewasfoundtobesufficientlyinconvenientthathigher-levellanguages（closertonaturallanguages）wereinventedinthe1950sforeasier,fasterprogramming;alongwiththemcametheneedforcompilers,programsthattranslatehigh-levellanguageprogramsintomachinecode.Asprogramminglanguagesbecamemorepowerfulandabstract,buildingefficientcompilersthatcreatehigh-qualitycodeintermsofexecutionspeedandstorageconsumptionbecameaninterestingcomputerscienceprobleminitself.

Unit4SectionA（P81）

I．Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:

1．application;operating

2．assemblers

3．compiler

4．interpreter

5．Debugger

6．Loop

7．devicedriver

8．JohnvonNeumann

II．TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:

1．inferenceengine推理机

2．systemcall系统调用

3．compiledlanguage编译语言

4．parallelcomputing平行计算

5．patternmatching模式匹配

6．freememory空闲内存

7．interpreterprogram解释程序

8．libraryroutine库程序

9．intermediateprogram中间程序，过渡程序

10．sourcefile源文件

11．interpretedlanguage解释（性）语言

12．devicedriver设备驱动程序

13．sourceprogram源程序

14．debuggingprogram调试程序

15．objectcode目标代码

16．applicationprogram应用程序

17．utilityprogram实用程序

18．logicprogram逻辑程序

19．inkcartridge墨盒

20．programstorageandexecution程序的存储与执行

III．Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:

Acompiler,incomputerscience,isacomputerprogramthattranslatessourcecodeintoobjectcode.Softwareengineerswritesourcecodeusinghigh-levelprogramminglanguagesthatpeoplecanunderstand.Computerscannotdirectlyexecutesourcecode,butneedacompilertotranslatetheseinstructionsintoalow-levellanguagecalledmachinecode.

Compilerscollectandreorganize（compile）alltheinstructionsinagivensetofsourcecodetoproduceobjectcode.Objectcodeisoftenthesameasorsimilartoacomputer’smachinecode.Iftheobjectcodeisthesameasthemachinelanguage,thecomputercanruntheprogramimmediatelyafterthecompilerproducesitstranslation.Iftheobjectcodeisnotinmachinelanguage,otherprograms—suchasassemblers,binders（联编程序）,linkers（连接程序）,andloaders（装入程序）—finishthetranslation.

Mostcomputerlanguagesusedifferentversionsofcompilersfordifferenttypesofcomputersoroperatingsystems,soonelanguagemayhavedifferentcompilersforpersonalcomputers（PC）andAppleMacintoshcomputers.Manydifferentmanufacturersoftenproduceversionsofthesameprogramminglanguage,socompilersforalanguagemayvarybetweenmanufacturers.

Unit7SectionA（P153）

I．Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:

1．Telegraph

2．dots;dashes

3．Media

4．point-to-point

5．Analog

6．Digital

7．text-based

8．modem

II．TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:

1．microwaveradio微波无线电

2．digitaltelevision数字电视

3．DSL数字用户线路

4．analogtransmission模拟传输

5．on-screenpointer屏幕（触摸屏）上的指示（器）

6．computerterminal计算机终端

7．radiotelephone无线电话

8．cellulartelephone蜂窝电话（移动电话）

9．decentralizednetwork分散的网络

10．wire-basedinternalnetwork基于普通网线的内部网络

11．fiber-opticcable光缆

12．faxmachine传真机

13．wirelesscommunications无线通信

14．point-to-pointcommunications点对点通信

15．modulatedelectricalimpulse调制电脉冲

16．communication（s）satellite通信卫星

17．telegraphkey电报电键

18．transmissionmedium传输媒体

19．cordlesstelephone无绳电话

20．metalconductor金属导体

III．Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist