职称英语B级完形填空.docx

职称英语B级完形填空.docx

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职称英语B级完形填空

2012年职称英语理工类B级

教材精讲班课程

第十一篇

Climatechangeposesmajorrisksforunpreparedcities

Anewexaminationofurbanpolicieshasbeen

（1）carriedoutbyPatriciaRomeroLankao.Sheisasociologistspecializinginclimatechangeand

（2）urbandevelopment.Shewarnsthatmanyoftheworld’sfast-growingurbanareas,especiallyindevelopingcountries,willlikelysufferfromtheimpactsofchangingclimate.Herworkalsoconcludesthatmostcitiesarefailingto（3）reduceemissionsofcarbondioxideandothergreenhouse（4）gases.Thesegasesareknowntoaffecttheatmosphere.“Climatechangeisadeeplylocalissueandposesprofoundthreatstothegrowingcitiesoftheworld,”saysRomeroLankao.“Buttoofewcitiesaredevelopingeffectivestrategiesto（5）protecttheirresidents”.

Citiesare（6）majorsourcesofgreenhousegases.Andurbanpopulationsarelikelytobeamongthosemostseverelyaffectedbyfutureclimatechange.Lankao’sfindingshighlightwaysinwhichcitypresidentsareparticularlyvulnerable,andsuggestpolicyinterventionsthatcouldofferimmediateandlong-term（7）threats.

Thelocationsanddenseconstructionpatternsofcitiesoftenplacetheirpopulationsatgreaterriskfornaturaldisasters.Potential（8）threatsassociatedwithclimateincludestormsurgesandprolongedhotweather.Stormsurgescanfloodcoastalareasandprolongedhotweathercanheat（9）pavedcitiesmorethansurroundingareas.Theimpactsofsuchnaturaleventscanbemoreseriousinanurbanenvironment.Forexample,aprolongedheatweavecanincreaseexistinglevelsofairpollution,causingwidespreadhealthproblems.Poorerneighborhoodsthatmay（10）lackbasicfacilitiessuchasdrinkingwateroradependablenetworkofroads,areespeciallyvulnerabletonaturaldisasters.Manyresidentsinpoorercountriesliveinsubstandardhousing（11）withoutaccesstoreliabledrinkingwater,roadsandbasicservices.

Localgovernments,_（12）therefore,shouldtakemeasurestoprotectresidents.“Unfortunately,theytendtomovetowardsrhetoric（13）ratherthanmeaningfulresponses,”RomeroLankaowrites.“Theydon’temphasizemasstransitandreduce（14）use.Infact,manylocalgovernmentsaretakingahands-offapproach.”Thus,sheurgesthemtochangetheir（15）idlepoliciesandtotakestrongstepstopreventtheharmfuleffectsofclimatechangeoncities.

Climatechange（n.气候变化）poses（v.造成）major（adj.较大的）risksforunprepared（adj.无准备的）cities

Anewexamination（n.审查）ofurban（adj.城市的）policies（n.政策）hasbeen

（1）carriedout（v.执行进行）byPatriciaRomeroLankao.Sheisasociologist（n.社会学家）specializingin（v.专门从事…）climatechangeand

（2）urban（adj.城市的）development（n.发展）.Shewarns（v.警告说）thatmanyoftheworld’sfast-growing（adj.迅速发展的）urbanareas,especially（adv.尤其）indevelopingcountries（n.发展中国家）,willlikely（adv.可能）sufferfrom（v.遭受到）theimpacts（n.影响）ofchanging（adj.不断变化的）climate.Herworkalso（adv.也）concludes（v.得出结论）thatmostcitiesarefailingto（v.未能）（3）reduce（v.减少）emissions（n.排放）ofcarbondioxide（n.二氧化碳）andother（adj.其他的）greenhouse（n.温室）（4）gases（n.气体）.Thesegasesareknown（v.知道）toaffect（v.影响）theatmosphere（n.大气层）.“Climatechangeisadeeply（adv.深刻地，严重地）local（adj.地方性的）issue（n.问题）andposes（v.造成）profound（adj.严重的）threats（n.威胁）tothegrowing（adj.不断发展的）citiesoftheworld（n.世界）,”saysRomeroLankao.“Buttoofew（adj.很少的）citiesaredeveloping（v.形成）effective（adj.有效的）strategies（n.策略）to（5）protect（v.保护）theirresidents（n.居民）”.

Citiesare（6）major（adj.主要的）sources（n.来源）ofgreenhousegases.Urban（adj.城市的）populations（n.居民）arelikely（adj.可能的）tobeamong（prep.在…之中）thosemostseverely（adj.严重地）affected（v.影响）byclimate（n.气候）change（n.变化）,Lankao’sfindings（n.研究发现）highlight（v.强调）ways（n.方面）inwhichcity-residents（n.城市居民）areparticularly（adv.尤其）vulnerable（adj.容易受到伤害的）,andsuggest（v.建议）policy（n.政策）interventions（n.干预）thatcouldoffer（v.提供）immediate（adj.当前的）andlong-term（adj.长期的）__（7）_benefits（n.益处）.

Thelocations（n.位置）anddense（adj.密集的）construction（n.建造）patterns（n.模式）ofcitiesoftenplace（v.使）theirpopulations（n.居民）atgreater（adj.更大的）risk（n.风险）for（prep.对于）naturaldisasters（n.自然灾难）.Potential（adj.潜在的）__（8）threats（n.威胁）associatedwith（adj.与…相关的）climate（n.气候）include（v.包括）stormsurges（n.风暴潮）andprolonged（v.延长）hot（adj.炎热的）weather（n.天气）.Stormsurges（n.风暴潮）canflood（v.淹没）coastal（adj.沿海的,沿岸的）areas（n.地区）andprolongedhotweathercanheat（v.加热）__（9）heavily（adv.大量地）pavedcities（n.铺上沥青路面的城市）morethansurrounding（adj.周围的）areas.Theimpacts（n.影响）ofsuchnaturalevents（n.事件）canbemoreserious（adj.严重的）inurbanenvironment（n.环境）.Forexample（adv.例如）,aprolonged（v.延长）heatwave（n.热浪）canincrease（v.增加）existing（adj.当前存在的）levels（n.程度）ofairpollution,causing（v.造成）widespread（adj.普遍的）health（n.健康）problems（n.问题）.Poorer（adj.更贫穷的）neighborhoods（n.社区）thatmay__（10）lack（v.缺少）basic（adj.基本的）faculties（n.设施）suchas（adv.例如）drinkingwater（n.饮用水）oradependable（adj.可靠的）network（n.网络）ofroads（n.公路）,areespecially（adv.尤其）vulnerable（adj.容易受到伤害的）tonaturaldisasters（n.灾难）.Manyresidents（n.居民）inpoorercountries（n.国家）lives（v.居住）insubstandard（adj.不符合标准的）housing（n.房子）__（11）without（prep.没有）accessto（n.使用…的机会）reliable（adj.可靠的）drinkingwater,roadsandbasicservices（n.服务设施）.

Local（adj.当地的）governments（n.政府）,__（12）therefore（adv.因此）,shouldtakemeasures（v.采取措施）toprotect（v.保护）theirresidents（n.居民）.“Unfortunately（adv.不幸的是）,theytendto（v.往往）movetowardsrhetoric（adj.作秀的）__（13）ratherthan（adv.而不是）meaningful（adj.有意义的）responses（n.反应）,”RomeroLankaowrites（v.写）.“Theydon’timpose（v.执行）construction（n.建筑）standards（n.标准）thatcouldreduce（v.减少）heating（adj.加热的，供暖的）andairconditioning（n.空调）needs（n.需要）.Theydon’temphasize（v.强调）masstransit（n.公共交通）andreduce（v.减少）__（14）__automobile（n.汽车）use.Infact（adv.事实上）,manylocalgovernmentsaretakingahands-off（adj.袖手旁观的）approach（n.方法）.”Thus（adv.因此）,sheurges（v.督促）themtochange（v.改变）their__（15）idle（adj.不作为的）policies（n.政策）andtotakestrong（adj.有力的）steps（n.措施）toprevent（v.防止）theharmful（adj.有害的）effects（n.影响）ofclimatechange（n.气候变化）oncities.

2012年职称英语理工类B级

教材精讲班课程

*第十二篇FreeStatinsWithFastFoodCouldNeutralizeHeartRisk

Fastfoodoutletscouldprovidestatindrugsfreeof

（1）chargesothatcustomerscanreducetheheartdiseasedangersoffattyfood,researchersatImperialCollegeLondon

（2）suggestinanewstudy．

Statinsreducethe（3）amountofunhealthy”LDL”cholesterolintheblood.Awealthoftrialdatahasproventhemtobehighlyeffectiveatloweringaperson’sheartattack（4）risk.

InapaperpublishedintheAmericanJournalofCardiology，DrDarrelFrancisandcolleaguescalculatethatthereductioninheartattackriskofferedbyastatinis（5）enoughtooffsettheincreaseinheartattackriskfrom（6）eatingacheeseburgeranddrinkingamilkshake．

DrFrancis，fromtheNationalHeartandLungInstituteatImperialCollegeLondon，whoistheseniorauthorofthestudy,said:

”Statinsdon’tcutouta11ofthe（7）unhealthyeffectsofcheeseburgersandFrenchfries．It’sbettertoavoidfattyfoodaltogether．Butwe’veworkedoutthatintermsofyour（8）possibilityofhavingaheartattack.Takingastatincanreduceyourrisktomoreorlessthesame（9）degreeasafastfoodmealincreasesit.”“It’sironicthatpeoplearefreetotakeasmanyunhealthycondimentsinfastfoodoutletsasthey（10）like,butstatins,whicharebeneficialtohearthealth,havetobeprescribed.Itmakessensetomakerisk-reducingstatinsavailablejustaseasilyastheunhealthycondimentsthatare（l1）providedfreeofcharge．Itwouldcostlessthan5penceper（12）customer一notmuchdifferenttoasachetofsugar.”DrFrancissaid．

Whenpeopleengageinriskybehaviourslikedrivingorsmoking,they’reencouragedtotake（13）measuresthatlowertheirrisk,1ike（14）wearingaseatbeltorchoosingcigaretteswithfilters.Takingastatinisarationalwayof（15）loweringsomeoftherisksofeatingafattymeal．

2010年理工A/B概括大意与完成句子考题

NaturalGas

Naturalgasisproducedfromreservoirsdeepbeneaththeearth’ssurface．Itisafossilfuel，meaningthatitisderivedfromorganicmaterialburiedintheearthmillionsofyearsmaincomponentofnaturalgasismethane（甲烷）.

Thepopularityanduseofcleannaturalgashasincreaseddramaticallyoverthepast50yearsasDipelineinfrastructure（基础设施）hasbeeninstalledtodeliveritconvenientlyandeconomicallytomillionsofresidential，commercialandindustrialcustomersworldwide．Today，naturalgasserviceisavailableinall50states，andistheleadingenergychoiceforfuelingAmericanhomesandindustries．Morethan65millionAmericanhomesusenaturalgas．Infact，naturalgasisthemosteconomicalsourceforhomeenergyneeds，costingone-thirdasmuchaselectricity.Inadditiontoheat-inghomes，muchofthegasusedintheUnitedStatesisusedasarawmaterialtomanufactureawidevarietyofproducts，frompaint，tofibersforclothing，toplasticsforhealthcare，computingandfurnishings．Naturalgasisalsousedinasignificantnumberofnewelectricity-generatingpowerplants.

Naturalgasisoneofthesafestandcleanestfuelsavailable．Itemitslesspollutionthanotherfossilfuels．dioxide（二氧化碳）andwatervapor—thesamesubstancesemittedwhenhumansex-hale．Comparedwithsomeotherfossilfuels，naturalgasemitstheleastamountofcarbondioxidein-totheairwhencombusted（燃烧）-makingnaturalgasthecleanestburningfossilfuelofall．Theindustryalsoissubjecttosubstantialfederalregulationintheareasofproductionanddistribution，whichhelpensureitisprovidedtoconsumerssafelyandcleanly