职称英语B级完形填空.docx

1、职称英语B级完形填空2012年职称英语理工类B级教材精讲班课程第十一篇 Climate change poses major risks for unprepared cities A new examination of urban policies has been (1) carried out by Patricia Romero Lankao. She is a sociologist specializing in climate change and (2) urban development. She warns that many of the world s fast-gr

2、owing urban areas, especially in developing countries, will likely suffer from the impacts of changing climate. Her work also concludes that most cities are failing to (3) reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse (4) gases. These gases are known to affect the atmosphere. “Climate chan

3、ge is a deeply local issue and poses profound threats to the growing cities of the world,” says Romero Lankao. “But too few cities are developing effective strategies to (5) protect their residents”. Cities are (6) major sources of greenhouse gases. And urban populations are likely to be among those

4、 most severely affected by future climate change. Lankaos findings highlight ways in which city presidents are particularly vulnerable, and suggest policy interventions that could offer immediate and long-term (7) threats. The locations and dense construction patterns of cities often place their pop

5、ulations at greater risk for natural disasters. Potential (8) threats associated with climate include storm surges and prolonged hot weather. Storm surges can flood coastal areas and prolonged hot weather can heat (9) paved cities more than surrounding areas. The impacts of such natural events can b

6、e more serious in an urban environment. For example, a prolonged heat weave can increase existing levels of air pollution, causing widespread health problems. Poorer neighborhoods that may （10） lack basic facilities such as drinking water or a dependable network of roads, are especially vulnerable t

7、o natural disasters. Many residents in poorer countries live in substandard housing (11) without access to reliable drinking water, roads and basic services. Local governments, _(12) therefore, should take measures to protect residents. “Unfortunately, they tend to move towards rhetoric (13) rather

8、than meaningful responses, ” Romero Lankao writes. “They dont emphasize mass transit and reduce (14) use. In fact, many local governments are taking a hands-off approach. ”Thus, she urges them to change their (15) idle policies and to take strong steps to prevent the harmful effects of climate chang

9、e on cities. Climate change（n. 气候变化） poses(v. 造成) major（adj. 较大的） risks for unprepared（adj. 无准备的） cities A new examination（n. 审查） of urban（adj. 城市的） policies（n. 政策） has been (1) carried out （v. 执行 进行）by Patricia Romero Lankao. She is a sociologist（n. 社会学家） specializing in （v. 专门从事）climate change and

10、 (2) urban (adj. 城市的) development（n. 发展）. She warns（v. 警告说） that many of the world s fast-growing（adj. 迅速发展的） urban areas, especially（adv. 尤其） in developing countries（n. 发展中国家）, will likely（adv. 可能） suffer from （v. 遭受到）the impacts（n. 影响） of changing（adj. 不断变化的） climate. Her work also（adv. 也） conclud

11、es（v. 得出结论） that most cities are failing to（v. 未能）(3) reduce （v. 减少）emissions（n. 排放） of carbon dioxide （n. 二氧化碳）and other（adj. 其他的） greenhouse（n. 温室） (4) gases（n. 气体）. These gases are known（v. 知道） to affect（v. 影响） the atmosphere（n. 大气层）. “Climate change is a deeply（adv. 深刻地，严重地） local（adj. 地方性的） iss

12、ue（n. 问题） and poses（v. 造成） profound（adj. 严重的） threats（n. 威胁） to the growing（adj. 不断发展的） cities of the world（n. 世界）,” says Romero Lankao. “But too few(adj. 很少的) cities are developing（v. 形成） effective（adj. 有效的） strategies（n.策略） to (5) protect （v. 保护）their residents（n. 居民）”.Cities are (6) major(adj. 主要

13、的) sources(n. 来源) of greenhouse gases. Urban（adj. 城市的） populations（n. 居民） are likely（adj. 可能的） to be among（prep. 在之中） those most severely（adj. 严重地） affected（v. 影响） by climate（n. 气候） change（n. 变化）, Lankaos findings（n. 研究发现） highlight（v. 强调） ways（n. 方面） in which city-residents（n. 城市居民） are particularl

14、y（adv. 尤其） vulnerable(adj. 容易受到伤害的), and suggest（v. 建议） policy（n. 政策） interventions（n. 干预） that could offer（v. 提供） immediate（adj.当前的 ） and long-term （adj. 长期的）_(7) _benefits（n. 益处）. The locations（n. 位置） and dense（adj. 密集的） construction（n. 建造） patterns（n. 模式） of cities often place（v. 使） their populat

15、ions（n. 居民） at greater（adj. 更大的） risk（n. 风险） for（prep. 对于） natural disasters（n. 自然灾难）. Potential（adj. 潜在的） _(8) threats （n. 威胁）associated with （adj. 与相关的）climate（n. 气候） include （v. 包括）storm surges （n. 风暴潮）and prolonged（v. 延长） hot（adj. 炎热的） weather（n. 天气）. Storm surges （n. 风暴潮）can flood（v.淹没） coastal

16、（adj. 沿海的, 沿岸的） areas（n. 地区） and prolonged hot weather can heat（v. 加热） _(9) heavily（adv. 大量地） paved cities (n. 铺上沥青路面的城市)more than surrounding(adj. 周围的) areas. The impacts（n. 影响） of such natural events（n. 事件）can be more serious（adj. 严重的） in urban environment(n. 环境). For example（adv. 例如）, a prolonged

17、（v. 延长） heat wave （n. 热浪）can increase（v. 增加） existing（adj. 当前存在的） levels（n. 程度 ） of air pollution, causing（v. 造成） widespread（adj. 普遍的） health（n. 健康） problems（n. 问题）. Poorer （adj. 更贫穷的）neighborhoods（n. 社区） that may _(10) lack （v. 缺少）basic （adj. 基本的）faculties（n. 设施） such as （adv. 例如）drinking water （n.

18、 饮用水）or a dependable（adj. 可靠的） network（n. 网络） of roads（n. 公路）, are especially（adv. 尤其） vulnerable（adj. 容易受到伤害的） to natural disasters（n. 灾难）. Many residents（n. 居民） in poorer countries（n. 国家） lives（v. 居住） in substandard （adj. 不符合标准的）housing（n. 房子） _(11) without （prep. 没有）access to （n. 使用的机会）reliable（a

19、dj. 可靠的） drinking water, roads and basic services（n. 服务设施）. Local（adj. 当地的） governments（n. 政府）, _(12) therefore（adv. 因此）, should take measures （v. 采取措施）to protect（v. 保护） their residents（n. 居民）. “Unfortunately（adv. 不幸的是）, they tend to （v. 往往）move towards rhetoric（adj.作秀的） _(13) rather than （adv. 而不是）

20、meaningful（adj. 有意义的） responses（n. 反应）,” Romero Lankao writes（v. 写）. “They dont impose（v.执行） construction（n. 建筑） standards（n. 标准） that could reduce（v. 减少） heating（adj. 加热的， 供暖的） and air conditioning （n. 空调）needs（n. 需要）. They dont emphasize（v. 强调） mass transit（n. 公共交通） and reduce（v. 减少） _(14) _automo

21、bile （n. 汽车） use. In fact(adv. 事实上), many local governments are taking a hands-off （adj. 袖手旁观的）approach（n. 方法）. ” Thus（adv. 因此）, she urges（v. 督促） them to change（v. 改变） their _(15) idle （adj.不作为的）policies（n. 政策） and to take strong（adj. 有力的） steps（n. 措施） to prevent（v. 防止） the harmful（adj. 有害的） effects

22、（n. 影响） of climate change （n. 气候变化）on cities. 2012年职称英语理工类B级教材精讲班课程*第十二篇 Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart RiskFast food outlets could provide statin drugs free of (1) charge so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food, researchers at Imperial College London

23、 (2) suggest in a new studyStatins reduce the (3) amount of unhealthy ”LDL” cholesterol in the blood. A wealth of trial data has proven them to be highly effective at lowering a persons heart attack (4)risk.In a paper published in the American Journal of Cardiology，Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues c

24、alculate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered by a statin is(5)enough to offset the increase in heart attack risk from (6)eating a cheeseburger and drinking a milkshakeDr Francis，from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London，who is the senior author of the study, s

25、aid:”Statins dont cut out a11 of the (7) unhealthy effects of cheeseburgers and French friesIts better to avoid fatty food altogetherBut weve worked out that in terms of your (8) possibility of having a heart attack. Taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or less the same (9) degree as a fast

26、food meal increases it.” “Its ironic that people are free to take as many unhealthy condiments in fast food outlets as they （10）like, but statins, which are beneficial to heart health, have to be prescribed. It makes sense to make risk-reducing statins available just as easily as the unhealthy condi

27、ments that are (l1) provided free of chargeIt would cost less than 5 pence per (12) customer 一not much different to a sachet of sugar.” Dr Francis saidWhen people engage in risky behaviours like driving or smoking, theyre encouraged to take (13) measures that lower their risk, 1ike (14) wearing a se

28、atbelt or choosing cigarettes with filters. Taking a statin is a rational way of (15) lowering some of the risks of eating a fatty meal2010年理工A/B概括大意与完成句子考题Natural GasNatural gas is produced from reservoirs deep beneath the earths surfaceIt is a fossil fuel，meaning that it is derived from organic ma

29、terial buried in the earth millions of years main component of natural gas is methane(甲烷).The popularity and use of clean natural gas has increased dramatically over the past 50 years as Dipeline infrastructure(基础设施)has been installed to deliver it conveniently and economically to millions of reside

30、ntial，commercial and industrial customers worldwideToday，natural gas service is available in all 50 states，and is the leading energy choice for fueling American homes and industriesMore than 65 million American homes use natural gasIn fact，natural gas is the most economical source for home energy ne

31、eds，costing one-third as much as electricity. In addition to heat-ing homes，much of the gas used in the United States is used as a raw material to manufacture a wide variety of products，from paint，to fibers for clothing，to plastics for healthcare，computing and furnishings Natural gas is also used in

32、 a significant number of new electricity-generating power plants.Natural gas is one of the safest and cleanest fuels available It emits less pollution than other fossil fuelsdioxide(二氧化碳)and water vaporthe same substances emitted when humans ex-haleCompared with some other fossil fuels，natural gas e

33、mits the least amount of carbon dioxide in-to the air when combusted(燃烧)-making natural gas the cleanest burning fossil fuel of allThe industry also is subject to substantial federal regulation in the areas of production and distribution，which help ensure it is provided to consumers safely and cleanly