陆引论文定稿0623.docx

陆引论文定稿0623.docx

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陆引论文定稿0623

梧州学院

本科毕业论文

LexicalFeaturesandTranslationStrategiesofAmericanSitcomsfromtheFunctionalEquivalenceTheory——ACaseStudyof2BrokeGirls

从功能对等角度探讨美国情景喜剧的词汇特点及翻译策略

——以《破产姐妹》为例

系部：

外语系

专业：

英语

班级：

2010级英本经贸4班

作者：

陆引

学号：

1000301405

指导老师：

秦莹陈国娟

完成时间：

2014年3月

LexicalFeaturesandTranslationStrategiesofAmericanSitcomsfromtheFunctionalEquivalenceTheory——ACaseStudyof2BrokeGirls

By

LuYin

AThesisSubmittedto

theDepartmentofForeignLanguages

ofWuzhouUniversity

inPartialFulfilmentfortheRequirements

fortheDegreeofBachelorofArts

Supervisedby

QinYingandChenGuojuan

March,2014

梧州学院

学位论文原创性声明

本人郑重声明：

所呈交的论文是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研究所取得的研究成果。

除了文中特别加以标注引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写的成果作品。

对本文的研究所做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式表明。

本人完全意识到本声明的后果由本人承担。

论文作者签名：

日期：

摘要

随着中国与世界文化交流的频繁和深入,大量英语影片如潮水般涌入中国,其中美国的影视剧尤其受到欢迎。

随着英语的普及,很多年轻人偏爱欣赏配有字幕的原语影片,并将其作为学习英语的途径和一种时尚潮流。

字幕作为沟通原剧与观众的桥梁变得至关重要。

字幕翻译,作为影视翻译的主要形式之一,也受到越來越多的关注,成为翻译研究的热点。

本文作者以奈达的功能对等翻译理论为指导,研究情景喜剧的字幕翻译。

功能对等理论以读者反应为核心,将译语读者的反应与源语读者的反应是否对等作为衡量翻译的标准。

《破产姐妹》是一部风靡全球的经典美国情景喜剧,在中国也拥有众多粉丝。

本文以《破产姐妹》为研究对象，讨论美国情景喜剧的词汇特点。

以《破产姐妹》中台词为例，分析非正式词、短词、模糊语和俗语的运用。

其次，作者结合其词汇特点，从直译、意译和增减词汇方面进行了探讨，并提出相关翻译策略。

关键词：

《破产姐妹》；功能对等理论；词汇特点；翻译策略

Abstract

Ascross-culturalcommunicationbetweenChinaandothercountriesbecomesfrequentlyandgoesdeeper,moreandmoreforeignmoviesandTVserieshavefloodedintoChina.Amongthem,AmericanmoviesandTVseriesareparticularlypopular.WiththepopularityoflearningEnglishlanguage,manyyoungChinesepeopleprefertowatchtheoriginalshowwithtranslatedsubtitles,whichconsideredasafashionandagoodwayoflearningEnglish.Consequently,translatedsubtitles,functioningasabridgebetweentheoriginalshowsandthetargetreceptors,becomeincreasinglyimportant.Subtitling,oneofthemaintypesofaudiovisualtranslation,hasbecomeahotsubjectintranslationstudiesattractingmoreandmoreattention.ThisthesisattemptstoresearchintotranslationofsitcomsubtitlewithintheframeworkofNida’sfunctionalequivalencetheory.Functionalequivalencetheoryfocusesonreceptorresponse,measuringtranslationbywhetherthereceptorsofthetranslatedtexthaveequivalentresponseastheoriginalreceptors.

2BrokeGirlsisaclassicAmericansitcomwhichhasachievedtremendoussuccessallovertheworld,andtherearealsonumerousfansof2BrokeGirlsinChina.ThisthesisattemptstoresearchthelexicalfeaturesofAmericansitcom,with2BrokeGirlsasacasestudy.Thisthesistakesthedialoguesin2BrokeGirlsasexamplesandanalyzestheusingofinformalwords,smallwords,vaguetermsandvulgarwords.Then,theauthoranalyzesthethreewaysoftranslationwiththecombinationofitslexicalfeatures:

literaltranslation,freetranslationaswellasreductionandaddition,also,makerelevantstrategies.

KeyWords:

2BrokeGirls;FunctionalEquivalenceTheory;Lexicalfeatures;Translationstrategies

Contents

摘要i

Abstractii

Ⅰ.Introduction1

Ⅱ.LiteratureReview1

2.1PreviousStudiesonLexicalFeaturesofAmericanSitcoms2

2.2StudiesonSubtitleTranslation2

Ⅲ.TheoreticalFramework3

3.1EugeneA.Nida3

3.2FunctionalEquivalenceTheory4

Ⅳ.LexicalFeaturesandTranslationStrategiesofAmericanSitcomsfromtheFunctional

EquivalenceTheory——ACaseStudyof2BrokeGirls5

4.12BrokeGirls5

4.1.1ABriefIntroductionof2BrokeGirls5

4.1.2TheSitcomLanguageof2BrokeGirls6

4.2LexicalFeaturesof2BrokeGirls6

4.2.1InformalWords6

4.2.2SmallWords8

4.2.3VagueTerms9

4.2.4VulgarWords10

4.3SubtitleTranslationof2BrokeGirlsfromtheFunctionalEquivalenceTheory10

4.3.1LiteralTranslationin2BrokeGirls11

4.3.2FreeTranslationin2BrokeGirls11

4.3.3ReductionandAdditioninTranslationin2BrokeGirls12

4.4SuggestionsforFutureTranslators13

Ⅴ.Conclusion14

Bibliography16

Acknowledgments17

LexicalFeaturesandTranslationStrategiesofAmericanSitcomsfromtheFunctionalEquivalenceTheory——ACaseStudyof2BrokeGirls

Ⅰ.Introduction

SinceChinabegantopursuethepolicyofreformandopeningup,especiallysinceChina’senteringintoWTO,therelationshipbetweenChinaandothercountrieshasbeenstrengthenedandtherelationshaddevelopedfromtradeandtraveltoculture.MoviesandTVseries,asacarrierofculturedissemination,isoneofthemostbasicelementsandhashadafar-reachingimpactondevelopment.Culture,localcustomsandcommunicationfromdifferentcountriesareshowtopeoplebymoviesandTVseries.Itisworthnoticingthatforthelasttwodecades,AmericansitcomshavebecomemoreandmorepopularinChina,especiallyamongyoungpeople.AgoodmovieandTVseries,nomatterthelanguage,vocabularyorexpressionisnovel;asuccessfultranslationisthebesttorestorethese.Thuspeople’srequirementsonthetranslationofmovieandTVseriesbecomehigherandhigher,researchingthelexicalfeaturesandtranslationstrategiesarenecessary.Thisthesiswilltake2BrokeGirlsasanexampletodiscussesit.

FunctionalEquivalenceTheory,aninfluentialtranslationtheorywhichoriginatedinthelate1960s,playsasignificantguidingroleintranslationpractice.ItproposedbyafamousAmericanlinguistEugeneA.Nida.Hepointedoutthattranslationislexicalequivalence,semantic,styleandstylisticequivalencethesame,translationconveyinformationbothlexicalinformationanditsdeepculturalinformation.Withthehelpofthistheory,thisthesishopestoanalyzethelexicalfeaturesof2BrokeGirlstohelpmoreandmorepeopleunderstandtheexpress,also,studyitstranslationstrategiestotrytogivetranslatorssomesuggestions.

Ⅱ.LiteratureReview

Inthischapter,theauthorisgoingtotalkaboutlexicalfeaturesofAmericansitcomsandsubtitletranslationwhichwasanalyzedbyothers.Theauthorcouldeasiertoknowaboutthatbylearningothers’researches.

2.1PreviousStudiesonLexicalFeaturesofAmericanSitcoms

Comparedtootherformsoftelevisionprograms,thesitcomhasitsowndistinctivecharacteristics.Forexample,relaxedandhumorousatmosphere,eachepisodeisastory,adramaaboutthesamelengthoftime,relativelyfixedscenesandcharacters.Thesefeaturesnotonlymaketheaudienceformedastableviewinghabitsandexpectations,thisprogramalsoshowsitsoriginalartform.Thereisnodoubtthatlanguageisoneofthekeyfactorsofasitcomwhetheritcanattractaudiencesandachievetheiraesthete’seffectornot.Forthesitcom,therelativelyfixedscenegreatlylimitsthescopeofactivitiesofthecharacters,thethemesmakesitsnarrativefocusesonthethingsofdailylife,whileintenseconflictorwonderfulvisualscreenisnotcommoninthesitcom.Therefore,character’shumorouslanguageisoneofthemostbasicmeanstoachievesitcom’saestheticeffect.

Humorouslanguageinsitcomcanenhancethecharmofthedramawhichcouldpleaseaudiences,letthemknowthemselvesinarelaxedandhumorousatmosphere.Meanwhile,thehumorisnotonlyauniquelinguisticphenomenon,whichservesasaculturalform.ItreflectsthecultureofAmericansociety,thenationalcharacterandwiththetimes.Sitcomfocusingonpeopledailylives,also,therelationshipbetweenpeoplebeing.Interpersonalcommunicativeactivitiesofdailylivesareallbuiltonlanguagewhichasthebasicmeans.Therefore,thelanguageinsitcom,themostconcentratedreflectionoftheuniquecultureandthespiritofthetimesofAmericansociety.

Therearetwokeyelementstomakeupasentence,vocabularyandgrammar.However,accordingtoD.A.Wilkins,“whathumanbeingscanexpressislimitedwithoutgrammar,butwithoutvocabulary,whathumanbeingscanexpressisnothing.”Vocabularyisanindispensablepartoflanguage.Itisprimarytosocialcapabilityandisaintermediumforthought,selfexpression,translationandcommunication.Therefore,understandingtheessenceandimportanceofvocabularyplaysavitalroleinthematteroflanguagelearning.

2.2StudiesonSubtitleTranslation

Obviously,thefunctionofsubtitlesistoprovideinformation.Buttherearetwouniquefeaturesofthiskindofinformation.Thelinguisticinformation,visualinformationandauditoryinformationwhichisprovidedbysubtitleswerecomplementary.Thisfeaturemadeusrealizethat,notonlycouldthelinguisticnotationsbethetoolsfortranslator,butpictureandsoundstillcanbeatool.Uninterruptedinformationflowssenttothelistenerinthistranslationways.

Subtitlesaredisappearinginaflash;differfromtextbookswhichreaderscouldreadagainandagain.Thisparticularwayofinformationtransmittingbringsaboutanewrestrictionforsubtitling.Translatorsmustensuretheconvergenceandcoherenceofthisprogressiveinformation,andensurethattheaudiencecangettheclearmessagewiththeleasteffort.Andtorealizethatlargelydependsontheliteraryformofthetranslation.Subtitlesshoulduseinformalwords,smallwordsandvaguetermswhilethesentenceshouldbeconciseandavoidusingclauses.

Subtitlingisoneoftheemergingfieldsoftranslation.It'samajorpartofthefilmandTVseriestranslatedseemsparticularlyimportant.Unfortunately,thefilmandTVseriestranslationhasnocompletetranslationsystem.FilmsandTVseriestranslationplayanindispensablepositionincontemporarysociety,withitscorrespondingtranslationstudiescannotbeignored.

InadditiontothecommonofotherTVseriessubtitling,sitcomhasitsowncharacteristics.Themostimportantfeaturesarethefollowingtwoaspects:

first,thelanguagetendstofocusonentertainment.Sitcomaimstoentertainthepublic,sodifferentfromotherTVdramatr