最新英语B级考试阅读理解专项练习题及答案解析.docx
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最新英语B级考试阅读理解专项练习题及答案解析
2011年上半年英语B及考试就要开考了,阅读理解在考试中占了很大的比重,为了帮助大家拿到阅读的高分,下面给大家整理了阅读理解专项练习题及答案解析,供大家参考。
WhenonelooksbackuponthefifteenhundredyearsthatarethelifespanoftheEnglishlanguage,heshouldbeabletonoticeanumberofsignificanttruths.Thehistoryofour beenahistoryofconstantchange—attimesaslow,almostimperceptiblechange,atothertimesaviolentcollisionbetweentwolanguages.Our beenalivinggrowingorganism,ithasneverbeenstatic.Anothersignificanttruththatemergesfromsuchastudyisthatlanguageatalltimeshasbeenthepossessionnotofoneclassorgroupbutofmany.『Atoneextremeithasbeenthepropertyofthecommon,ignorantfolk,whohaveuseditinthedailybusinessoftheirliving,muchastheyhaveusedtheiranimalsorthekitchenpotsandpans.』①Attheotherextremeithasbeenthetreasureofthosewhohaverespecteditasaninstrumentandasignofcivilization,andwhohavestruggledbywritingitdowntogiveitsomepermanence,order,dignity,andifpossible,alittlebeauty.
Asweconsiderourchanginglanguage,weshouldnoteheretwodevelopmentsthatareofspecialandimmediateimportancetous.OneisthatsincethetimeoftheAnglo-Saxonstherehasbeenanalmostcompletereversalofthedifferent relationshipofwordsinasentence.Anglo-Saxon(oldEnglish)wasalanguageofmanyinflections.ModernEnglishhasfewinflections.Wemustnowdependlargelyonwordorderandfunctionwordstoconveythemeaningsthattheolderlanguagedidbymeansofchangesintheformsofwords.Functionwords,youshouldunderstand,arewordssuchasprepositions,conjunctions,andafewothersthatareusedprimarilytoshowrelationshipsamongotherwords.Afewinflections,however,havesurvived.Andwhensomewordinflectionscomeintoconflictwithwordorder,theremaybetroublefortheusersofthelanguage,asweshallseelaterwhenweturnourattentiontosuchmatersasWHOorWHOMandMEorI.Thesecondfactwemustconsideristhataslanguageitselfchanges,ourattitudestowardlanguageformschangealso.『Theeighteenthcentury,forexample,producedfromvarioussourcesatendencytofixthelanguageintopatternsnotalwayssetinandgrew,untilatthepresenttimethereisastrongtendencytorestudyandre-evaluatelanguagepracticesintermsofthewaysinwhichpeoplespeakandwrite.』②
1.Incontrasttotheearlierlinguists,modernlinguiststendto.
A.attempttocontinuethestandardizationofthelanguage
B.evaluatelanguagepracticesintermsofcurrentspeechratherthanstandardsorproperpatterns
C.bemoreconcernedabout languagethanitsanalysisorhistory
D.bemoreawareoftherulesofthelanguageusage
2.Choosetheappropriatemeaningfortheword“inflection”usedinline4ofparagraph2.
A.Changesintheformsofwords.
B.Changesinsentencestructures.
C.Changesinspellingrules.
D.Wordsthathavesimilarmeanings.
3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnotmentionedinthepassage?
A.Itisgenerallybelievedthattheyear1500canbesetasthebeginningofthemodernEnglishlanguage.
B.SomeotherlanguageshadgreatinfluenceontheEnglishlanguageatsomestagesofitsdevelopment.
C.TheEnglishlanguagehasbeenandstillinastateofrelativelyconstantchange.
D.ManyclassesorgroupshavecontributedtothedevelopmentoftheEnglishlanguage.
4.Theauthoroftheseparagraphsisprobablya(an).
A.historianB.philosopher
C.anthropologistD.linguist
5.Whichofthefollowingcanbebestusedasthetitleofthepassage?
A.ThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.
B.OurchangingattitudetowardstheEnglishlanguage.
C.Ourchanginglanguage.
D.SomecharacteristicsofmodernEnglish.
Vocabulary
1.spann.跨度,范围,一段时间,期间
2.imperceptibleadj.感觉不到的,觉察不到的,极细微的
3.organismn.生物体,有机体
4.possessionn.拥有,占有,领土,领地
5.ignorantadj.无知的
6.folkn.人们,民族
7.permanencen.永久,持久
8.Anglo-Saxonsn.盎格鲁—撒克逊语,盎格鲁—撒克逊人,地道的英国人
9.reversaln.颠倒,反向,逆转
10.inflectionn.词尾变化
11.prepositionn.前置词,介词
12.conjunctionn.联合,关联,连接词
13.intermsof根据,按照,用……的话,在……方面
长难句解析
①【解析】“who”引导非限制性定语从句,修饰“thecommon,ignorantfolk”。
“muchas”引导状语从句。
“kitchenpotsandpans”意为“锅碗瓢盆”。
【译文】一方面它是那些普通人甚至无知民众的财产,他们每天都像使唤他们的牲畜和锅碗瓢盆一样用着语言。
②【解析】此句为一个复合倒装句。
“until”引导一个并列句,前一句的主语是“atendency”,“tofixthelanguageintopatternsnotalwayssetinandgrew”作“tendency”的定语,第二句的主语也是“atendency”,“to”后面的句子作“tendency”的定语,“inwhich”引导的定语从句修饰“ways”。
【译文】例如在18世纪一种产生于各种在一个不常使用和不利于语言发展的模式中,而到了当今,主流是要反复研究、评价人们说话、写作中的语言实践。
答案与详解
【短文大意】本文主要讲述英语演变过程的一些特点,指出了古英语与现代英语的不同,以及语言学家对待语言形式的态度的变化。
1.B细节题。
根据题干回原文中定位,阅读文章时注意首末段及各段开头的句子,这往往都是考点所在。
这篇文章讲的主要是英语语言演变的一些特点,指出了古英语与现代英语的不同,以及语言学家态度的转变。
本题问的正是现代语言学家与早期语言学家不同的倾向。
根据文章末尾Theeighteenthcentury,forexample,producedfromvarioussourcesatendencytofixth