高考英语一轮总复习 第一部分 教材知识梳理 Unit 3 A healthy life练习 新人教版选修6doc.docx

高考英语一轮总复习 第一部分 教材知识梳理 Unit 3 A healthy life练习 新人教版选修6doc.docx

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高考英语一轮总复习第一部分教材知识梳理Unit3Ahealthylife练习新人教版选修6doc

2019高考英语一轮总复习第一部分教材知识梳理Unit3Ahealthylife练习新人教版选修6

一、阅读理解（共8小题;每小题2分,满分16分）

A

Thereareanextremelylargenumberofantsworldwide.Eachindividual（个体的）anthardlyweighsanything,butputtogethertheyweighroughlythesameasallofmankind.Theyalsolivenearlyeverywhere,exceptonfrozenmountaintopsandaroundthepoles.Foranimalstheirsize,antshavebeenastonishinglysuccessful,largelyduetotheirwonderfulsocialbehavior.

Incolonies（群体）thatrangeinsizefromafewhundredtotensofmillions,theyorganizetheirliveswithacleardivisionoflabor.Evenmoreamazingishowtheyachievethisleveloforganization.Whereweusesoundandsighttocommunicate,antsdependprimarilyonpheromones（外激素）,chemicalssentoutbyindividualsandsmelledortastedbyfellowmembersoftheircolony.Whenanantfindsfood,itproducesapheromonethatwillleadothersstraighttowherethefoodis.Whenanindividualantcomesunderattackorisdying,itsendsoutanalarmpheromonetowarnthecolonytoprepareforaconflictasadefenseunit.

Infact,whenitcomestotheartofwar,antshavenoequal.Theyarecompletelyfearlessandwillreadilytakeonacreaturemuchlargerthanthemselves,attackinginlargegroupsandovercomingtheirtarget.Suchistheirdevotiontothecommongoodofthecolonythatnotonlysoldierantsbutalsoworkerantswillsacrificetheirlivestohelpdefeatanenemy. 

Behavinginthisselflessanddevotedmanner,theselittlecreatureshavesurvivedonEarthformorethan140millionyears,farlongerthandinosaurs.Becausetheythinkasone,theyhaveacollective（集体的）intelligencegreaterthanyouwouldexpectfromitsindividualparts.

（2015·安徽高考）

1.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatantsare　　　　. 

A.notwillingtosharefood

B.notfoundaroundthepoles

C.moresuccessfulthanallotheranimals

D.toomanytoachieveanyleveloforganization

2.Antscanusepheromonesfor　　　　. 

A.escapeB.communication

C.warningenemiesD.arranginglabor

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedexpression“takeon”inParagraph3mean?

A.Accept.B.Employ.

C.Playwith.D.Fightagainst.

4.Whichofthefollowingcontributesmosttothesurvivalofants?

A.Theirbehavior.B.Theirsize.

C.Theirnumber.D.Theirweight.

【文章大意】本文是说明文。

世界上,蚂蚁的数量繁多。

它们群体而居,分工明确,团结一致,共同御敌。

1.B　细节理解题。

根据第一段中“Theyalsolivenearlyeverywhere,exceptonfrozenmountaintopsandaroundthepoles.”可知,在冰封的山顶和地球的两极,人们没有发现蚂蚁。

2.B　细节理解题。

根据第二段中“Whereweusesoundandsighttocommunicate,antsdependprimarilyonpheromones”可知,蚂蚁可以利用外激素来交流。

3.D　词义推测题。

根据第三段中“Theyarecompletelyfearless”以及“attackinginlargegroupsandovercomingtheirtarget”可知,它们会攻击敌人。

4.A　细节理解题。

根据最后一段中“Behavinginthisselflessanddevotedmanner,theselittlecreatureshavesurvivedonEarth”可知,是它们的行为让它们在地球上得以生存。

B

ViennahasbeatenZurichtobecrownedtheplacewiththebestqualityoflivinginanannualsurveyinwhichEuropeancitieswereamongthetop10.

ManagementconsultancyMercersaidViennascoredthehighestforoverallqualityoflivinginthe215-citysurveyafterimprovementsinAustria’spoliticalandsocialenvironment,knockingtheSwisscityofZurichintosecondposition.ThirdinthelistcameanotherSwisscity,Geneva,followedbyVancouver,Canada,andAuckland,NewZealand,insharedfourthplace.Baghdad,Iraq,camelastdespiteslightimprovementsinitsinfrastructure（基础设施）andmovestoencourageinvestment.ThreeGermancitiesmadethetop10—Dusseldorf,MunichandFrankfurt—withthelistroundedoutbyBerninSwitzerlandandSydney,Australia.ThehighestUSrankingintheWorldwideQualityofLivingSurveywasHorioluluwhichcame29thwhileWashingtonandNewYorkremainedinpositions44and49respectively.Londoncame38thinthelistwhichisdesignedtohelpgovernmentsandcompaniesplaninternationalpackages（酬薪）fortheiremployees. 

“Asaresultofthecurrentfinancialcrisismultinationalsarelookingtoreviewtheirinternationalassignmentpolicieswithaviewtocuttingcosts,”saidSlaginParakatil,seniorresearcheratMercer,inastatement.“Manycompaniesplantoreducethenumberoftheirinternationalemployeesandlocalizetheirpackageswherepossible.”

Singaporewasthetop-scoringAsiancity,comingin26thwhichwasupsixplacesfromayearagoduetoitsgrowingimportanceasafinancialcenteranditswiderangeofinternationalandprivateschools.Beijingmovedupthreeplacesto113,boostedbyimprovementsinpublictransportfacilitiesfromtheOlympics.

1.Thepassageisaimedattellingus　　　　. 

A.globalrankingsofcitieswiththebestqualityofliving

B.Viennanamedtheplacewiththebestqualityofliving

C.thepackagesofinternationalemployees

D.thequalityoflivingoftheworld

2.Whichcitymoveduptheworldrankingsfaster?

A.Washington.B.Baghdad.

C.Singapore.D.Beijing.

3.Theunderlinedphrase“roundedout”inParagraph2