主谓一致知识讲解及专项练习.docx
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主谓一致知识讲解及专项练习
初中英语主谓一致语法专项训练
主谓一致的三条原则
1)语法一致原则。
主语是单数,谓语动词用单数形式;主语是复数,谓语动词用复数形式。
【例如】
Myfriendhasnointentionofgoingshoppingwithme.
Myfriendshavenointentionofgoingshoppingwithme.
2)意义一致原则。
主语和谓语的一致不是由主语的语法形式来决定,而是由主语所表达的意义决定。
【例如】
TheclassarebusyingwritingEnglishpassages.
TheUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountrywhichhasadvancedscienceandtechnology.
带有复数词尾的学科名称、国家等在意义是表示单数概念,用单数动词。
3)就近原则。
谓语动词的单、复数取决于最靠近它的主语。
由either...or,neither...nor,notonly...butalso连接或由here,there等引导的句子,谓语动词遵循这一原则。
【例如】NeithermyfriendsnorIwasabletopersuadehimtoacceptouradvice.
Eitherheorshehasbrokenthewindow,forthereisnooneelsethere.
Thereisateacherandfiftystudentsintheclassroom.
【考点聚焦】主谓一致是初中阶段的重要语法项目之一,从近年来中考的试题来看,对主谓一致的考查主要集中在以下内容:
1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语作主语时,谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时,谓语用复数。
2、由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
但并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数。
例如:
Thepoetandwriterhascome.
3、由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each,every,no修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。
例如:
Inourcountryeveryboyandeverygirlhastherighttoreceiveeducation.
4、主语是单数时,尽管后面跟有but,except,besides,with,aswellas,togetherwithalongwith,like等引导的介词短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语一致。
例如:
Thewomenwithtwochildrenismyaunt.
注意:
主语和谓语之间插入了分词短语,谓语要与主语保持一致。
MrSmith,followedbyhiswifeandthreechildren,hasjustarrived.
5、一些只有复数形式的名词,如people,police,cattle,clothes等作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。
6、集体名词family,class,team,group等看作整体时,谓语动词用单数;看作每一个成员时,谓语动词用复数。
7、当表示国家,城市,人名,书名,报纸,杂志,及组织机构等的专有名词做主语时,作为整体,谓语动词用单数形式。
TheNewYorkTimesisreadingallovertheUnitedStates.《纽约时报》
8、news,maths,physics,politics等词貌似复数,实为单数,其谓语动词用单数.
9、“the+形容词”(如thepoor,therich,theyoung,theold,thedead,thesick,thebrave等)作主语,谓语动词往往用复数
10、由each,some,any,no,every构成的复合代词作主语时,谓语动词都用单数。
11、有两部分构成的物体的名词,如glasses,shoes,trousers,chopsticks,scissors等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
注意:
如果这类名词前用了apairof等,则谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。
例如:
Herearesomenewpairsofshoes.
Mynewpairofsocksisonthebed.
12、表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。
13、不定代词由all,most,more,some,any,none作主语时,也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。
如果代词代表复数可数名词,谓语动词用复数;如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。
Alloftheworkhasbeenfinished.
Allofthepeoplehavegone.
14、疑问代词作主语时,其谓语动词也有两种情况:
主语表示复数意义,谓语动词用复数;主语表示单数意义,则谓语动词用单数。
Whoisyourbrother?
WhoareLeaguemembers?
15、分数(百分数)+of+名词做主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于of后面的名词的数。
但要注意population一词,用作整体时,谓语动词用单数,用其部分做主语时,谓语动词形式用复数。
Partoftheworkhasbeendonebyus.
Tenpercentoftheappleswerebad.
ThepopulationofChinais13.6billionand70%ofthepopulationarepeasants.
16、half,therest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时,如果所指为复数意义,动词用复数;如果所指为单数意义,动词用单数。
例如:
17、由what引出的从句作主语时,通常谓语动词用单数形式。
但如果所指内容为复数意义时,谓语动词用复数形式。
18、由连词not……but……,or,either……or,neither……nor,notonly…butalso,等连接的并列主语,如果一个是单数,一个是复数,则谓语动词按就近一致原则,与最靠近它的主语一致。
19、Therebe句型、以here开头的句子谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。
20、anumberof后面加复数名词或代词,其动词用复数形式;但thenumberof后面加复数名词或代词时,其谓语用单数。
21、“oneortwo+复数名词”做主语,谓语动词用复数。
22、manya+单数名词(许多……);morethanone+单数名词(不止一……)作主语,尽管意思是复数,但谓语动词还是用单数。
注意:
“morethan+基数词+复数名词”结构或“more+复数名词+thanone做主语时,谓语用复数。
Manyashiphasbeendamagedinthestorm.
Morethantwentystudentsareplayingfootballontheplayground.
Moremembersthanoneareagainstyourplan.
23、thiskindofbook=abookofthiskind(这种书),作主语,谓语用单数;thiskindofmen=menofthiskind=thesekindofmen(这类人,口语中用),但thiskindofmen的谓语用单数,menofthiskind=thesekindofmen的谓语用复数。
allkindsof后跟复数名词,谓语用复数。
Thiskindofmenisdangerous.
Menofthiskindaredangerous.
24、在定语从句中主语是关系代词who,that,which,谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。
注意:
在“oneof+复数名词+who/that/which”引导的定语从句中,从句谓语的单复数取决于one前是否有the(only)、thevery。
如果有,从句的谓语动词用单数,如没有theonly,就用复数形式。
Thisisoneofthemostinterestingquestionsthathavebeenasked.
Hewastheonlyoneofthestudentswhowaslateforschool.
【技巧点拨】中考主谓一致方面的考题主要考知识的记忆情况。
考查主谓一致的常见题型有单项选择,完型填空,翻译句子,单句改错,短文改错、同义句转换,时态填空等。
做这类题时,必须找出句子的真正主语,然后根据记忆的知识作出判断。
同时,要遵循三个原则:
语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。
1.NeitherhenorI___fortheplan.()
a.were b.is c.are d.am
2. MyfamilyaswellasI___gladtoseeyou.()
a.was b.is c.are d.am
3. Myfather,togetherwithsomeofhisoldfriends,___therealready.()
a.willbe b.hadbeen c.hasbeen d.havebeen
4. Therearetworoadsandeither___tothestation.()
a.isleading b.areleading c.lead d.leads
5. Nineplusthree___twelve.()
a.aremaking b.ismaking c.make d.makes
6. Twentymiles___alongwaytocover.()
a.seemtobe b.is c.are d.were
7. Veryfew___hisaddressinthetown.()
a.hasknown b.areknowing c.know d.knows
8. Whenandwherethistookplace___stillunknown.()
a.has b.is c.were d.are
9. Iknowthatall___gettingonwellwithher.()
a.were b.are c.is d.was
10.Therestofthenovel___veryinteresting.()
a.seem b.is c.are d.were
11.Ourfamily___ahappyone.()
a.are b.was c.are d.is
12.Theboysittingbythewindowistheonlyoneofthestudentswho___fromthecountrysideinourschool.()
a.was b.were c.is d.are
13.Morethanoneanswer___tothequestion.()
a.hadgiven b.weregiven c.hasbeengiven d.havebeengiven
14.Thestudentsinourschooleach___anEnglishdictionary.()
a.arehaving b.had c.has d.have
15.Thepairofshoes___wornout.()
a.hadbeen b.havebeen c.were d.was
16.Aprofessorandawriter___presentatthemeeting.()
a.hadbeen b.were c.is d.was
17.Thosewho___singingmayjoinus.()
a.isfondof b.enjoy c.likes d.areliking
18.There___aknifeandforkonthetable.()
a.are b.isseemingtobe c.seemtobe d.seemstobe
19.Over80percentofthepopulation___workers.()
a.willbe b.are c.is d.was
20.Thewholeclass___greatlymovedathiswords.()
a.is b.had c.were d.was
21.Thewounded___goodcareofherenow. ()
a.istaking b.aretaking c.arebeingtaken d.istaken
22.Deer___fasterthandogs.()
a.willrun b.arerunning c.runs d.run
23.Thepolice___aprisoner.()
a.aresearchedfor b.issearching c.aresearchingfor d.issearchingfor
24.Itwasreportedthatsix___includingaboy.()
a.hadkilled b.waskilling c.werekilled d.waskilled
25.TheUnitedNations___in1945.()
a.wasfound b.wasfounded c.werefounded d.werefound
26.I,who___yourgoodfriend,willshareyourjoysandsorrows.()
a.was b.are c.is d.am
27.Betweenthetwobuildings___amonument.()
a.isstanding b.standing c.stands d.stand
28.Layingeggs___theantqueen’sfull-timejob.()
a.have b.has c.are d.is
29.Peter,perhapsJohn,___playingwiththelittledog.()
a.seems b.were c.are d.is
30.Manyastudent___thatmistakebefore.()
a.hadmade b.hasbeenmade c.havemade d.hasmade
31.TheArabianNights___wellknowntoEnglishlovers.()
a.isbeing b.are c.were d.is
32.Yournewclothesfityou,butmine___me.()
a.don’tfitfor b.doesn’tfitfor c.don’tfit d.doesn’tfit
33.Tom’steacherandfriend___MrSmith.()
a.has b.arebeing c.is d.are
34.Allthatcanbeeaten___eatenup.()
a.havebeen b.hadbeen c.hasbeen d.arebeing
35.Someperson___callingforyouatthegate.()
a.willbe b.isbeing c.is d.are
36.Oneachsideofthestreet___alotoftrees.()
a.aregrown b.isstanding c.grow d.stands
37.Thenumberofthepeoplewho___cars___ increasing.()
a.own….are b.own…is c.owns…is d.owns…are
38.NooneexceptJackandTom___ theanswer.()
a.areknows b.isknowing c.knows d.know
39.Nothingbutcars___ intheshop.()
a.aregoingtosell b.weresold c.aresold d.issold
40.Hereisamessageofimportancetoeverymanandwomanwho___.()
a.votes b.vote c.voting d.arevoting
41.Politics___oneofthesubjectsthatIstudy.()
a.are b.is c.were d.was
42.___alreadybeeninterviewed.()
a.Anumberofapplicantshave b.Anumberofapplicantshas
c.Thenumberofapplicantshave d.Thenumberofapplicantshas
43.___ismisusedinthesentence.()
a.Awordortwo b.Oneortwowords c.Oneandtwowords d.Manywords
44.There___pricelessjewelleryondisplayattheexhibitionhall.()
a.are b.have c.is d.has
45.Iamtheonewho___wrong.()
a.am b.is c.are d.haveb