句子简化18.docx

句子简化18.docx

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句子简化18

a

（1）

Iftheporesarelarge,thewaterinthemwillexistasdropstooheavyforsurfacetensiontohold,anditwilldrainaway;butiftheporesaresmallenough,thewaterinthemwillexistasthinfilms,toolighttoovercometheforceofsurfacetensionholdingtheminplace;thenthewaterwillbefirmlyheld.

12.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?

Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.

○Surfacetensionisnotstrongenoughtoretaindropsofwaterinrockswithlargeporesbutitstrongenoughtoholdontothinfilmsofwaterinrockswithsmallpores.

○Waterinrocksisheldinplacebylargeporesanddrainsawayfromsmallsizeporesthroughsurfacetension.

○Smallporesandlargeporesbothinteractwithsurfacetensiontodeterminewhetherarockwillholdwaterasheavydropsorasathinfilm.

○Iftheforceofsurfacetensionistooweaktoholdwaterinplaceasheavydrops,thewaterwillcontinuetobeheldfirmlyinplaceasathinfilmwhenlargeporesexist.

d

（2）

Forexample,someearlysocietiesceasedtoconsidercertainritesessentialtotheirwell-beingandabandonedthem,nevertheless,theyretainedaspartsoftheiroraltraditionthemythsthathadgrownuparoundtheritesandadmiredthemfortheirartisticqualitiesratherthanfortheirreligioususefulness.

12．Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?

Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.

○Asociety’sritesweremorelikelytoberetainedintheoraltraditionifitsmythswereadmiredforartisticqualities.

○Theartisticqualityofamythwassometimesanessentialreasonforasocietytoabandonitfromtheoraltradition.

○Someearlysocietiesstoppedusingmythsintheirreligiouspracticeswhenritesceasedtobeseenasusefulforsocialwell-being.

○Mythssometimessurvivedinasociety’straditionbecauseoftheirartisticqualitiesevenaftertheywerenolongerdeemedreligiouslybeneficial.

c（3）

Windvelocityalsoincreaseswithaltitudeandmaycauseseriousstressfortrees,asismadeevidentbythedeformedshapesathighaltitudes.

9.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpresstheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?

Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.

○Becauseoftheirdeformedshapesathighaltitudes,treesarenotlikelytobeseriouslyharmedbythestrongwindstypicalofthosealtitudes.

○Asaltitudeincreases,thevelocityofwindsincrease,leadingtoaseriousdecreaseinthenumberoftreesfoundathighaltitudes.

○Thedeformedshapesoftreesathighaltitudesshowthatwindvelocity,whichincreasewithaltitude,cancauseserioushardshipfortrees.

○Increasedwindvelocityathighaltitudesdeformstheshapesoftrees,andthismaycauseseriousstressfortrees.

c（4）

Thestructureofthebackboneshows,however,thatAmbulocetusswamlikemodernwhalesbymovingtherearportionofitsbodyupanddown,eventhoughaflukewasmissing.

10.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?

Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.

○EventhoughAmbulocetusswambymovingitsbodyupanddown,itdidnothaveabackbone.

○ThebackboneofAmbulocetus,whichallowedittoswim,providesevidenceofitsmissingfluke.

○AlthoughAmbulocetushadnofluke,itsbackbonestructureshowsthatitswamlikemodernwhales.

○Bymovingtherearpartsoftheirbodiesupanddown,modernwhalesswiminadifferentwayfromthewayAmbulocetusswam.

a（5）

Theextremeseriousnessofdesertificationresultsfromthevastareasoflandandthetremendousnumbersofpeopleaffected,aswellasfromthegreatdifficultyofreversingorevenslowingtheprocess.

10.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?

Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.

○Desertificationisasignificantproblembecauseitissohardtoreverseandaffectslargeareasoflandandgreatnumbersofpeople.

○Slowingdowntheprocessofdesertificationisdifficultbecauseofpopulationgrowththathasspreadoverlargeareasofland.

○Thespreadofdesertsisconsideredaveryseriousproblemthatcanbesolvedonlyiflargenumbersofpeopleinvariouscountriesareinvolvedintheeffort.

○Desertificationisextremelyhardtoreverseunlessthepopulationisreducedinthevastareasaffected.

c（6）

Herefusedtodevelopprojectiontechnology,reasoningthatifhemadeandsoldprojectors,thenexhibitorswouldpurchaseonlyonemachine-aprojector-fromhiminsteadofseveral.

3.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentencefromthepassage?

Incorrectanswerchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.

○Edisonwasmoreinterestedindevelopingavarietyofmachinesthanindevelopingatechnologybasedononlyone.

○Edisonrefusedtoworkonprojectiontechnologybecausehedidnotthinkexhibitorswouldreplacetheirprojectorswithnewermachines.

○Edisondidnotwanttodevelopprojectiontechnologybecauseitlimitedthenumberofmachineshecouldsell.

○Edisonwouldnotdevelopprojectiontechnologyunlessexhibitorsagreedtopurchasemorethanoneprojectorfromhim.

d（7）

Inorderforthestructuretoachievethesizeandstrengthnecessarytomeetitspurpose,architectureemploysmethodsofsupportthat,becausetheyarebasedonphysicallaws,havechangedlittlesincepeoplefirstdiscoveredthem----evenwhilebuildingmaterialshavechangeddramatically.

3.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?

Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.

○Unchangingphysicallawshavelimitedthesizeandstrengthofbuildingsthatcanbemadewithmaterialsdiscoveredlongago.

○Buildingmaterialshavechangedinordertoincreasearchitecturalsizeandstrength,butphysicallawsofstructurehavenotchanged.

○Whenpeoplefirststartedtobuild,thestructuralmethodsusedtoprovidestrengthandsizewereinadequatebecausetheywerenotbasedonphysicallaws.

○Unlikebuildingmaterials,themethodsofsupportusedinarchitecturehavenotchangedovertimebecausetheyarebasedonphysicallaws.

a（8）

EstimatesindicatethattheaquifercontainsenoughwatertofillLakeHuron,butunfortunately,underthesemiaridclimaticconditionsthatpresentlyexistintheregion,ratesofadditiontotheaquiferareminimal,amountingtoabouthalfacentimeterayear.

3.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?

Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.

○DespitethecurrentimpressivesizeoftheOgallalaaquifer,theregion’sclimatekeepstheratesofwateradditionverysmall.

○Althoughtheaquiferhasbeenaddingwaterattherateofonlyhalfacentimeterayear,itwilleventuallyaccumulateenoughwateroffillLakeHuron.

○Becauseoftheregion’spresentclimaticconditions,waterisbeingaddedeachyeartotheaquifer.

○Evenwhentheregionexperiencesunfortunateclimaticconditions,theratesofadditionofwatercontinuetoincrease.

d（9）

Manyecologistsnowthinkthattherelativelong-termstabilityofclimaxcommunitiescomesnotfromdiversitybutfromthe“patchiness”oftheenvironment,anenvironmentthatvariesfromplacetoplacesupportsmorekindsoforganismsthananenvironmentthatisuniform.

11．Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?

Incurredchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.

○Ecologistsnowthinkthatthestabilityofanenvironmentisaresultofdiversityratherthanpatchiness.

○Patchyenvironmentsthatvaryfromplacetoplacedonotoftenhavehighspeciesdiversity.

○Uniformenvironmentscannotbeclimaxcommunitiesbecausetheydonotsupportasmanytypesoforganismsaspatchyenvironments.

○Apatchyenvironmentisthoughttoincreasestabilitybecauseitisabletosupportawidevarietyoforganisms.

b（10）

Inadditiontofindinganincreaseofsuitablebrowse,likehuckleberryandvinemaple,ArthurEinarsen,longtimegamebiologistinthePacificNorthwest,foundqualityofbrowseintheopenareastobesubstantiallymorenutritive.

11．Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?

Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.

○ArthurEinarsen’slongtimefamilywiththePacificNorthwesthelpedhimdiscoverareaswheredeerhadanincreaseinsuitablebrowse.

○ArthurEinarsenfoundthatdeforestedfeedinggroundsprovideddeerwithmoreandbetterfood.

○BiologistlikeEinarsenbelieveitisimportanttofindadditionalopenareaswithsuitablebrowsefordeertoinhabit.

○AccordingtoEinarsen,huckleberryandvinemapleareexamplesofvegetationthatmaysomedayimprovethenutritionofdeerintheopenareasofthePacificNorthwest.

c（11）

Perhaps,likemanycontemporarypeoples,UpperPaleolithicmenandwomenbelievedthatthedrawingofahumanimagecouldcausedeathofinjury,andifthatwereindeedtheirbelief,itmightexplainwhyhumanfigures