高中英语外研版必修1Unit 5 Section 1课时达标训练含答案.docx

高中英语外研版必修1Unit 5 Section 1课时达标训练含答案.docx

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高中英语外研版必修1Unit5Section1课时达标训练含答案

话题背景抢先知

Howtogetchildreninterestedinscience

It'sespeciallyfunandeasytotakepartinyourchild'sscienceeducation.Youdon'tneedtobeascientist,orhavelotsoffactsinyourhead.Allyouneedisaloveofdiscovery.Showyourchildthatit'sgoodtobecuriousandtoaskquestions.Thiswillgivehimconfidenceinhisownabilitytoexplore.Herearesomewaystogetinvolved：

Betheexample

Showhimhowcuriousyouare.Letyourownsenseofdiscoveryguideyourexploration.Showanattitudeofopennesstolearning.Showthefunofexplorationandthejoyoflearningnewthings.

Pointitout

Scienceisallaroundyou.Findfunwaysofshowingyourchildthescienceofhereverydaylife.It'sincooking,cleaning,buildingafireinthefireplace.It'sintheyard,thegarageandthebasement.Thenightsky,themorningdew,therisingandsettingofthemoonandsun;it'sallscience.

Teachobservation

Childrenaresurroundedwithnewinformation.Itcanbealottotakein.Butthey'realwayslooking,andalwayslistening.Teachyourchildtopaycloserattentiontodetails.Whenheseessomethingnew,askhimtonoticethesize,theshape,thecolor,thesmell,andthesound.Teachhimtotakeamomenttonoticethings.Youcanevenencouragehimtotakenotesofthethingsheseeseachday.,

[阅读障碍词]

discoveryn．发现，发觉；被发现的事物

confidencen．信心；信任；秘密

explorev．勘查；探索

attituden.态度；看法

surroundvt.包围，围绕

observationn．观察

encouragevt.促进；支持；鼓励

Ⅰ.Matchthewordwithitsmeaning.

1．conclusion　A．普通的；平常的

2．reactB．阶段；时期

3．mixtureC．膨胀

4．electricityD．液体

5．floatE．设备；装备

6．expandF．煮；煮沸

7．ordinaryG．结论

8．boilH．反应

9．equipmentI．电

10．liquidJ．收缩

11．contractK．漂浮

12．stageL．混合物

答案：

1～6　GHLIKC　7～12　AFEDJB

Ⅱ.Writedownthemeaningofphrasesineachsentence.

1．YouknowthefirstthingIthoughtofwhenIwokeup?

想起；想到

2．Theyneedtointerviewsomepeopleandfindoutiftheyliketheirjobs._查明

3．Hehadevenbeenkeptoutofschoolduringthebusiestseasons.置身于外

4．Hehurriedmeintoputtingmyownhouseinorderfirst.整理

5．Inconclusion,Iwishthismeetingeverysuccess.　最后

6．Ironreactswithwaterandairtoproducerust.与……发生反应

7．Doyouwanttoaddyournametothelist?

把……加到……

Matchthefollowingobjectswiththeirnames.

A．crucible　　　　B．beaker&glassrod

C．alcoholburnerD．microscope

E．tongs　　　F．testtube　　　G．balance

答案：

①～⑦　EDBCFGA

Ⅰ.Fast-reading

1．SkimthepassageAandwritedownthemainideaofit.

The_reaction_of_metals_with_different_substances.

2．SkimpassageBandwritedownthemainideaofeachpart.

（1）Part1　Iron_in_dry_air．

（2）Part2　Iron_in_airfree_water．

（3）Part3　Iron_in_ordinary_water．

Ⅱ.Carefulreading

Readthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.

PassageA

1．Thefirstsentence“Itishardtothinkofaworldwithoutmetals.”willmakeusthink_______．

A．metalsmakeuptheworld

B．metalsplayagreatlyimportantroleintheworld

C．therewouldbenoworldiftherewerenometals

D．itisdifficultforustoliveintheworldofmetals

2．Thetableinthepassageisarrangedinorderof________．

A．metalkinds

B．reactionactivities

C．valuesofmetal

D．thefirstlettersofthewords

3．Anoxideisa________．

A．newkindofmetals

B．kindofgases

C．productofthereaction

D．factor（因素）ofachemicalreaction

4．Accordingtothetable,whichmetalismostsuitabletomakeourdailykitchenware（厨房）?

A．Zinc.B．Iron.

C．Copper.D．Magnesium.

PassageB

5．WhichisNOTtheapparatus（仪器）thatisrequiredintheexperimentof“Ironindryair”？

A．Cottonwool.B．Oil.

C．Ironnails.D．Testtubeholder.

6．Whichisrequiredasoneoftheapparatusintheexperimentof“Ironinordinarywater”？

A．Oil.B．Cotton.

C．Bunsenburner.D．Testtubeholder.

7．Thepurposeofthesethreeexperimentsistofindouthow________．

A．ironreactswithwaterandair

B．importantironis

C．dotheexperimentofiron'sreactionwithwaterandair

D．tokeepironrustless

答案：

1～4　BBCC　5～7　BDD

Ⅲ.Study-reading

Analyzethedifficultsentencesinthetext.

1．Differentmetalshavedifferentuses,forexample,steelisusedincars,andironisusedinelectricalequipment.

[句式分析]　在该句中forexample为插入语，后面接的是由并列连词and连接的两个简单句，其中两个简单句中“主语＋isused...”是被动语态。

[尝试翻译]　不同的金属有不同的用途，比如，钢材被用于汽车中，铁被用于电器设备中。

2．Whenweusemetals,itisimportanttoknowhowtheyreactwithdifferentsubstances,forexample,waterandoxygen.

[句式分析]　Whenweusemetals是时间状语从句，it为形式主语，真正的主语是后边的动词不定式toknowhow...。

[尝试翻译]　当我们使用金属时，了解它们与不同的物质如何反应很重要，比如，水和氧气。

3．Hereisatablewiththemetalsthatreactmostatthetop,andthemetalsthatreactleastatthebottom.

[句式分析]　此句为倒装句。

here置于句首，主语为名词，此时要将谓语动词放在主语前构成倒装。

两个that从句都是定语从句，修饰前面的先行词metals。

atthetop和atthebottom在句中作宾补。

[尝试翻译]　这里有一个表格，反应最强的金属在上面，反应最弱的在下面。

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　[对应学生课时达标训练（十七）]

阅读理解

A

ChemicalChangeandPhysicalChange

Therearetwokindsofchanges—chemicalchangeandphysicalchange.

Inachemicalchange,thereisalwaysanewsubstanceformed.Breakingupwaterintohydrogenandoxygenisachemicalchange.Ineachofthechemicalchangeatleastonenewsubstanceisformed.Achangeisnotachemicalchangeifitdoesn'tformanewsubstance.

Physicalchangesareverycommon,too.Therearemanyexamples.Youcanmakeaphysicalchangebytearingapieceofpaperintotwo,orbycuttingapieceofironwithlathe（机床）.Herepaperisstillpaper,andtheironisstilliron.

Anotherwayofmakingphysicalchangeisdissolvingsomethinginwater.Whenyoudissolvesaltinwater,thesaltdisappears.Youmaythinkthatanewsubstancehasbeenformed.Butreallythereisnonewsubstance.Thesaltisstillsalt.Youcanstilltasteit.Sothedissolvingofanythingisaphysicalchange.

Whenwaterfreezes,thechangeisalsoaphysicalone.Thewaterchangesfromliquidtosolid,butitisstillthesamesubstance.Thatiswhythefreezingofanythingisaphysicalchange.

语篇解读：

本文主要讲了两种变化——化学变化和物理变化。

1．Thedissolvingofsaltinwateris________．

A．aphysicalchange

B．achemicalchange

C．hydrogenandoxygen

D．breakingup

解析：

选A　细节理解题。

根据文章第四段，尤其是最后一句可知：

溶解任何东西都是物理变化。

2．Thechangeofthethreestatesofwateris________．

A．achemicalchange

B．differentsubstances

C．aphysicalchange

D．thesamestate

解析：

选C　细节理解题。

从文章最后一段得知水从液体变为固体或变为气体，并没有生成一种新的物质，仍是同一种物质，因此水的三种形态变化属于物理变化。

3．Wecanseparateachemicalchangefromaphysicaloneby________．

A．thechangeofshape

B．thechangeofcolor

C．newlyproducedsmoke

D．newlyformedsubstances

解析：

选D　推理判断题。

由第二段可知在化学变化中有新物质产生，只要没有新物质产生就不是化学变化。

由此得知：

判断是化学变化还是物理变化的依据是看是否有新物质产生。

4．Ifyouchangewaterintohydrogen,itis________．

A．aphysicalchange

B．achemicalchange

C．aphysicalandchemicalchange

D．notachange

解析：

选B　细节理解题。

根据第二段可知：

把水分解成氢气和氧气，是一个化学变化。

B

Therearemanyinterestingscienceexperimentsoutthereforyoungkids.Youcanwowyourfriendsandteacherswiththem.Allyouhavetodoistoputalittleeffortintoitandyoushouldhavenoproblemcomingupwithaninterestingscienceexperiment.Onesuchexperimentistoshowyourfriendsandteachersthatyoucanmakemothballs（樟脑丸）dance!

Ifyouwanttodoit,first,besurethatyouhavegotallthenecessarysciencekitsforyourscienceexperiment.

Whatyouneedforthisexperimentisaglassfilledhalffullwithwater.Addalittlebitofvinegar（醋）toyourglassofwater,about1/3or1/4ofacup（60ml）,andoneteaspoon（10ml）ofbakingsoda,andthencarefullystirthemixture.Dropafewmothballsintotheglassandhaveyouraudiencewatch.Aslongasthesurfacesofthemothballsbecomefairlyrough,theyshouldbegintobounceupanddownintheglass.

Youcanalsodoasimilarexperimentwithraisins（葡萄干）andclearpop,_suchasSprite.Inthisexperiment,allyouhavetodoistofillaglasswithSpriteanddropafewraisinsintoit.TheraisinsshouldbegintobounceupanddownintheglassofSprite.YoucanalsoreplacetheraisinswithmothballsandyoushouldgetthesameeffectintheSprite.ThisprojectworksbecausetheirregularsurfacesofthemothballsandtheraisinsholdsomeCO2bubbles（气泡）,causingthemtobounceupanddowninadancingmotion.

语篇解读：

文章向我们介绍了如何做简单且有趣的科学实验。

5．Thewriterwrotethispassageto________．

A．explainwhysomescienceexperimentsareeasy

B．encouragepeopletospendmoretimeonscience

C．tellushowgoodheisatdoingscienceexperiments

D．teachkidshowtodoaneasyandinterestingscienceexperiment

解析：

选D　作者意图题。

通读全文，可知作者主要向我们介绍怎么做一个简单而有趣的科学实验，故选D。

6．Whatisthemostprobablenameoftheexperiment?

A．Producingmothballs.　　B．Dancingmothballs.

C．Changingmothballs.D．Swimmingmothballs.

解析：

选B　推理判断题。

根据第一段的“Onesuchexperimentistoshowyourfriendsandteachersthatyoucanmakemothballs（樟脑丸）dance！

”可知选“跳舞的樟脑丸”最好。

7．Whichofthefollowingthingsareneededintheexperiment?

a．bakingsoda　　　b．water　　　c．mothballs

d．salt　　　　　　e．vinegar　　f．sugar

A．bcefB．acde

C．abcdD．abce

解析：

选D　细节理解题。

根据第三段的“aglassfilledhalffullwithwater.Addalittlebitofvinegar（醋）toyourglassofwater,about1/3or1/4ofacup（60ml）,andoneteaspoon（10ml）ofbakingsoda”可知应选D。

8．Theunderlinedword“pop”inParagraph4probablyrefersto“________”．

A．amothballB．akindofvinegar

C．adrinkwithbubblesD．aspecialkindofraisin

解析：

选C　词义猜测题。

根据画线词后“suchasSprite”以及“holdsomeCO2bubbles”可知pop在这里是指含有二氧化碳的饮料。

C

MonthlyTalksatLondonCanalMuseum

Ourmonthlytalksstartat19：

30onthefirstThursdayofeachmonthexceptAugust.Admissionisatnormalchargesandyoudon'tneedtobook.Theyendaround21：

00.

November7th

TheCanalPioneers,byChrisLewis.JamesBrindleyisrecognizedasoneoftheleadingearlycanalengineers.Hewasalsoamajorplayerintrainingothersintheartofcanalplanni