版新高考英语一轮复习课时提能练34牛津译林版.docx

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版新高考英语一轮复习课时提能练34牛津译林版

课时提能练（三十四）

Unit4Helpingpeoplearoundtheworld

课时作业A:

基础层面

I.语境语法填空

A

TheUNisaninternationalorganizationconsistingofcountriesthatwanttopromoteworldpeace.It1.was_set（set）upjustaftertheSecondWorldWarby51countries2.whiletoday192countriesaltogether.TheUNhasfourmainfunctionstokeepinternationalpeace;todevelopfriendly3.relationships（relationship）

amongnations；toworktogetherin4.solving（solve）internationalpolitical

conflictsandinpromotingrespectforhumanrights；andtobeacentrefororganizingtheactions5.orworkofdifferentnations.

Apartfromtheurgentproblems6.caused（cause）bywarsanddisasters，theUN

helpscountries7.withotherproblemssuchaslackofeducation，8.starvation（starve），disasters，AIDSandotherdiseases.At9.aUNmeetingin2000，allofitsmembersagreedtotryandmeeteightdevelopmentgoalsbytheyear2015,oneofwhich10.is（be）toensurethatcleanwaterisavailabletoeveryoneandanotheristhatallchildrencompleteprimaryeducation.

B

Nowadaysmanypeoplelackhealthyfoodonaccountofenvironmentalpollution.

What'sworse，insomeplaces，itisimpossibleforpeople1.to_drink（drink）cleanwater.

Luckily，thegovernmentistryingeverymeanstohelpthemandthepublicalsocontributemoneytothem.Ontheotherhand，thenon-officialenvironmental

organization2.referred（refer）tojustadvocatestheuseofgreenpower，whichis

3.beneficial（benefit）toourenvironment，atthesametime，ifonlywecouldusesome

alternativemeansoftransportsuchasbusesandbikes，ourlivingenvironmentwould

becomebetter.

Inaword，whatwehavedonewillmakemuch4.differenee（differ）toourenvironment.

n.根据提示补全句子

1.外国学习者很难理解唐诗的真实含义和文化。

（sth.+be+adj.+todo）

ThetruemeaningandthecultureofTangpoemsaredifficult_to_understandfor

aforeignlearner.

2•我胃不舒服，我倒希望没有吃那么多。

（wouldrather）

IhaveanupsetstomachandIwould_ratherIhadn't_eatensomuch.

3•由于缺钱，可怜的女孩不能买这本书。

（lack）

Thepoorgirlcan'tbuythisbookfor_lack_of_money.

4.提醒我在出去之前给艾伦打个电话。

（remind）

Remind_me_to_phoneAlanbeforeIgoout.

课时作业B:

能力层面

I.阅读理解

（2019•昆明市诊断测试）Who'rehappier

menorwomen?

Researchshowsit'sa

complexquestionandthataskingwhether

malesorfemalesarehappier

isn't

really

thathelpful,becausebasically,happinessisdifferentforwomenandmen.

Women'shappinesshasbeendecliningforthepast30years,accordingtorecent

statistics.And

researchshowsthat

womenaretwiceaslikely

toexperienee

depressioncomparedwithmen.Gender（

性另U）differencesindepressionarewell

confirmedandstudieshavefoundthatbiological

psychological

andsocialfactors

contributetothedifferenee.

Earlystudiesongenderandhappinessfoundmenandwomenweresocializedtoexpressdifferentfeelings.Womenaremorelikelytoexpresshappiness,warmthand

fear,whichhelpwithsocialbondingandappearmoreconsistentwiththetraditional

roleasaprimarycaregiver,whilemendisplaymoreanger,prideanddisrespect.

whicharemoreconsistentwithaprotectorandproviderrole.

Recentresearchsuggeststhatthesedifferencesarenotjustsocially,butalso

geneticallyrelated.Studieshavelookedintothesefindingsfurtheranddiscoveredthatfemalesusemoreareasofthebraincontainingmirrorneurons（镜像神经元）thanmaleswhentheyprocessfeelings.Mirrorneuronsallowustoexperieneetheworldfromotherpeople'sview,tounderstandtheiractionsandintentions.Thismayexplain

whywomencanexperieneedeepersadness.Womentendtoexperieneemorenegativefeelings,suchasmoreguilt,shameandtoalesserdegree,embarrassment.

Psychologicallyitseemsmenandwomendifferinthewaytheyprocessandexpressfeelings.Withtheexceptionofanger,womenexperieneefeelingsmorestronglyand

sharetheirfeelingsmoreopenlywithothers.Studieshavefoundinparticularthatwomenexpressmoreappreciation—whichhasbeenlinkedtogreaterhappiness.This

than

supportsthetheorythatwomen'shappinessismoredependentonrelationshipsmen's.

【语篇解读】本文是说明文。

文章从社会、生理和心理三个方面介绍了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异。

1．Whichfeelingaremenmorelikelytoshowcomparedwithwomen?

A．Warmth.B．Depression.

C．Happiness.D．Disrespect.

D[细节理解题。

根据第三段最后一句中的“whilemendisplaymoreanger，prideanddisrespect”可知，男性表现更多的是生气、骄傲和无礼，故选D。

]

2．Whatfactorscausewomentosharefeelingsmoreopenly?

A．Psychologicalfactors.

B．Biologicalfactors.

C．Educationalfactors.

D．Socialfactors.

A[细节理解题。

根据最后一段的内容可知，本段从心理方面介绍了男性和女性在处理和表达感情方面的不同：

与男性相比，女性更加公开地表露自己内心的情感。

]

3．Onecanprobablyreadthetextfrom.

A．asciencefiction

B．aculturebrochure

C．anurseryguide

D．ahealthmagazine

D[推理判断题。

根据本文内容可知，本文主要从社会、生理和心理三个方面分析了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异。

由此可推知，本文有可能摘自一本健康杂志，故选D项。

]

4．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A．Menandwomendifferinbiologyandpsychology.

B．Menandwomenexperiencehappinessdifferently.

C．Socialroleshaveagreateffectonmenandwomen.D．Women'shappinesshasdeclinedinthepastyears.

B[主旨大意题。

通读全文可知，本文从社会、生理和心理三个方面分析了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异，故B项最符合文意。

]

B

（2019•成都市毕业班摸底测试）Asevolutiontendstoremovewaste,howcomewe

evolvedsuchlarge，energy-consumingbrains?

Thedominanthypothesis（假设）suggeststhattoughsocialinteractionsarethedrivingforce.Butournewstudydoneinan

unusualwayshowsthathumanbrainexpansionislikelydrivenbyecology（

生态）．

Scientistshavetestedtheecologicalandsocialhypothesesbefore.Thecommonapproachistolookatmanyspeciesandinvestigatewhetherlargebrainsare

associatedwithspecificproblems.Forexample，doprimatesorotheranimalswith

largebrainshaveadietthatischallengingtofindbutnutritionallyrewarding?

Thiswouldindicateanecologicalorigin.Ordotheyliveinlargegroupswheretheyfacelotsofsocialproblems?

Whilemanystudieshavefoundsuchassociations，thereisaproblem.Itcannot

tellwhetherlargebrainsevolvedtosolvethedifficultproblemsorwhethertheyevolvedforotherreasonsandthenenabledtheirbearerstodealwiththehardproblems.

Tofindoutthecausesofbrainexpansion，werecreatedthescenarios（可能出

现的情况）ofthetwohypothesesusingamathematicalmodel.Wefoundthatacombinationofecologicalandsocialchallengesdoproducethebrainsizeweseeinhumans.Butitwasecologicalchallengesthatexpandedbrains.Incontrasttothedominantviewandourownexpectation，wefoundthatsocialchallengescontributedbydecreasingbrainsize.Butyouneedbothfactorstogetthebrainsizeweseetoday—iftherewerenosocialchallengesourbrainswouldhavebeenevenlargerbutlikelypoorlysuitedtosociallife.Biggerisn'tnecessarilybetter.

Butmanyanimalsfacehardecologicalproblems.Whydon'ttheyallhavelargebrains?

Wefoundthatecologicalproblemsonlyleadtohuman-sizedbrainswhenindividualscankeeplearninghardskillsastheygrow.Soourresultsandthoseofothers'suggestthathardecologyandtheaccumulationofculturalknowledgecouldacttogethertoproduceahuman-sizedbrain.

Willthehumanbrainexpandfurther?

Thecomplexityofthesystemsinvolvedmakesitimpossibletosaymuchwithcertaintyatpresent.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。

科学研究发现，人类大脑的大小是由生态环境和文化知识的积累的共同作用决定的；大脑并非越大越好，如果大脑过大，则人类将无法适应社会交往活动。

5．Inmostpeople'sview，whatmakeshumanevolvelargebrains?

A．Socialchallenges.

B．Socialandecologicalchallenges.

C．Ecologicalchallenges.

D．Competitionwithotherlargeanimals.

A［细节理解题。

根据第一段第二句"Thedominanthypothesis（假设［suggeststhat

toughsocialinteractionsarethedrivingforce”并结合第一段内容可知，大部分人

认为棘手的社会交往活动是人类大脑进化的动力，故A项正确。

］

6.What'stheproblemofthecommonapproach?

A.Itsmodelisnotreliableenough.

B.Itdoesn'ttellthecauseandeffectclearly.

C.Itshypothesiscannotbeprovedeffectively.

D.Itdoesn'tfindbrainsizeisconnectedwithproblems.

B［细节理解题。

根据第三段第二句"Itcannottellwhetherlargebrainsevolvedtosolvethedifficultproblemsorwhethertheyevolvedforotherreasonsandthen

enabledtheirbearerstodealwiththehardproblems”可知，传统的研究方法无法解

释清楚大脑进化的原因和影响，故B项正确。

］

7.Whydon'tmanyanimalshavelargebrains?

A.Theydon'tlearnfromeachother.

B.Theydon'tfacehardecologicalproblems.

C.Theydon'tneedtocooperatewitheachother.

D.Theydon'tkeeplearningtoughskillsastheygrow.

D［推理判断题。

根据第五段第二、三句"Whydon'ttheyallhavelargebrains?

Wefoundthatecologicalproblemsonlyleadtohuman-sizedbrainswhenindividualscan

keeplearninghardskillsastheygrow”可知，只有当个体在成长过程中不断学习艰难

的技能时，生态环境才会导致人类特定大小的大脑。

据此可以判断，动物在成长过程中并没

有持续学习艰难的技能，所以动物没有大的大脑，故D项正确。

］

8.Whichofthefollowingdotheresearchersfindmostsurprising?

A.Animalsdon'thavelargebrains.

B.Socialchallengesdecreasebrainsize.

C.Ecologicalchallengesincreasebrainsize.

D.It'sunclearwhetherhumanbrainswillexpandfurther.

B［细节理解题。

根据第四段第四句"Incontrasttothedominantviewandourown

expectation,wefoundthatsocialchallengescontributedbydecreasingbrainsize”

可知，与主流观点及我们自己的预期相反，我们发现社会挑战导致大脑变小。

据此可知，社会挑战导致大脑变小是令人惊讶的发现，故B项正确。

］

n.完形填空

（2019•石家庄市重点高中摸底考试）OnmywaybackhomeIwasstoppedattraffic

lightsbysomepeoplewhoaskedforhelp.Awoman—inherattempttogive__1__toLanambulanee—haddrivenhercaroverstonyobstaclesthatseparatedthebikelinefromthestreet,and,asaresult,hadgottenhercar__2__.Shecouldn'tmovethe

carinanydirectionwithoutdamagingit.Acoupleofpeopletriedto___3__thecar

backbuttheobstaclesweretoohigh.Seeingthattheycouldn'tdomuchaboutit,

theyleft.Thewomaninthecartriedto__4__someservice,andwast