雅思阅读分类词汇场景讲述.docx
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雅思阅读分类词汇场景讲述
IELTS阅读分类词汇
===阅读分类词汇===心理
theorem原理,定理v.s.theory
methodology方法论(method)
physiology生理学(physiological)
psychiatry精神病学psychology,psycho,psychosis,psychoanalysis
correlation相互关系correlationcoefficient
sensation感觉,知觉(另)轰动sensational
perception感知,认知
intuition知觉(intuitive)
ESP第六感(ExtrasensoryPerception)
motivate激励àmotivation(^bonus,commission,…)
incentive激励因素
stimulus刺激àstimulate,stimulation
disorder紊乱,失调
dysfunction机能障碍dys(=dis)+function
dissonance不和谐,不一致dis+son(sound)+ance
trauma创伤(traumatic)thetraumacausedbySept.11
anxiety焦虑(=anxiousness)
depression沮丧(de+press+ion)~depressedv.s.repression(压抑)
insomnia失眠
phobia恐惧(症)suffix:
-phobia
acrophobiaacronym:
IELTS,TOEFL…
enophobiaafearofforeignersorstrangers
claustrophobiaafearofbeingclosedinaconfinedplace
allergy过敏(症),反感(allergic)Heisallergictocardplaying.
propensityMostboyshaveapropensityofplayingwithmachinery.=tendency,inclination
paranoid偏执的paranoia(偏执狂)
workaholic工作狂(alcoholic)
symptom症状
diagnosis诊断(n.)diagnose(v.)ArthurHaily:
“TheFinalDiagnosis”
electroencephalogram脑电图^electrocardiogram(心电图)
assertive武断的(assert)
therapy治疗法grouptherapy
hypnotism催眠术(~hypnotize)
prescribe开药方v.s.subscribe,describe,inscribeàprescription:
~drugs
antidepressant抗抑郁药
tranquilizer镇静药(tranquil)
side-effect(+s)副作用
immune免疫的,免除的(immunity)
rehabilitation复原,康复
relapse旧病复发,故态复萌v.s.elapse子在川上曰:
逝者如斯夫,
不舍昼夜!
chronic慢性的
adulthood<>childhood
puberty青春发动期
adolescence青春期(thetimeoflifebetweenpubertyandadulthood)
emotional<>rational
affective情感的(affection)
sane神智健全的insane
superstition迷信superstitious
telepathy传心术,通灵术tele(faraway)+pathy(heart)^numerology,palmistry
apathy无感情,无兴趣,冷漠(=indifference)sympathy:
sym(same)+pathy
pathology病理学,病理,病变
delusion迷惑,欺瞒v.s.illusion
disorientation迷失(dis+orientation)~disoriented
pervert使反常/变态反常/变态者perversion
introspection内省v.s.retrospection(回顾,反省)
sublimation纯化,升华sublime
personality=personalcharacteristicsmultiplepersonality(多重人格)
innate天赋的in+nate(nature)=inborn,congenital
attribute属性(àattributable)
trait特征,品质nationaltraits国民性vs.traitor
===阅读分类词汇===科技
ubiquitous普遍存在的=omnipresent(omniscient,omnipotent)
versatile(人)多才多艺的,(物)通用的àversatility
alchemy炼金术
transmute变形,变质transmutesilverintogold(!
)
arduous艰巨的(=strenuous)anarduoustask
pitfall陷阱,未预见之困难
metallurgy冶金
alloy合金
aluminum=aluminium(BE)^calcium,uranium,radium,copper,brass,bronze
electrode电极
distill蒸馏distilledwater
quartz石英
phosphorus磷,磷光物质
inflammable易燃的(flame)
combustion燃烧(combustible)spontaneouscombustion(whitephosphorus)
ceramic陶瓷的瓷器(ceramics)
insulate隔离,绝缘insulator(<>conductor=
fiber纤维(BE:
fibre)fiberoptics(纤维光学)
optics光学(àoptical)
retina视网膜
iris虹膜
opaque不透明的v.s.transparent,translucent
microprocessor微处理器^CPU(CentralProcessingUnit),chip
binary二进制的
integrateintegration,integratedcircuit(IC),systemintegration(SI)
buffer缓冲区bufferstorage
browser浏览器(IE,Netscape)
hypertext超文本
envisage想象,看作en+vis(see)+agebeenvisagedas
momentous(极为)重要的v.s.momentary
reticular网状的
Ethernet以太网
domain域domainnames
cyberlaw网络法律“cyber-“:
Internetrelatedcyberlove,cybercafe,…
patent专利(patented)v.s.copyright,^piratedsoftware/VCD’s
chronological按时间顺序的“chron”:
time^chronic,chronicle,chronograph
robot机器人(“肉包它”)robotics
artificial人造的,做作的artificialsatellite/smile
cone圆锥体,锥形物thenoseconeofamissile
Jupiter木星Mercury,Venus,Mars,Saturn
exorbitant过度的,过分的,过高的ex(out)+orbit+ant
centripetal向心(力)的<>centrifugal
high-rise高楼(~skyscraper)
cathedral大教堂
dome圆顶(ahemisphericalroof)
infrastructure基础设施<>superstructure
sewage污水,下水道
hydraulic水力的,水压的
landfill垃圾掩埋(地)
ventilation通风
thermostat温控器thermo(hot)+stat(steady)^thermos,thermometer,
thermonuclear
prefabricate预先制造prefab(预制的)
polytechnic各种工艺的理工学校HongKongPolytechnic
geometric几何(学)的geometry,geo(land)+metry(measure)
asymmetry不对称a(not)+sym(same)+metry(↑)<>symmetry
concave凹的<>convex=
bilateral双边的,两方面的<>unilateral
paradoxical“似非而是”的paradox(悖论)
empirical经验的empiricallaw/formula
clockwise顺时针的(<>anticlockwise
===阅读分类词汇===教育
accommodation(膳宿)供应=roomandboard
lodging寄宿(处)
lease出租“forlease”,“tolet”v.s.rent
tenant房客,佃户
landlord房东àlandlady(f)ßLord,<>tenant,housemate~roommate,dormmate,schoolmate,classmate
dormitory寝室(abbrev.dorm)
aupairAyoungforeignerwholiveswithafamilyinreturnfordoinglighthousework(另)=reciprocal
reciprocal相互的,互惠的
hostelyouthhostel~hotel
realestate房地产
vicinity=neighborhood
flat平的,瘪的flattire公寓(=apartment)^condo,studio
bond=deposit
linen亚麻的亚麻织品,床单(=bedlinen)
utensil器皿
stationery文具(v.s.stationary)
laundry洗衣,洗衣店
cafeteria自助餐厅~canteen
cater满足(需要)
aerobics有氧健身操“aero”:
air
badminton羽毛球(运动)
baseball棒球baseballbat
squash壁球(运动)
amateur<>professional
gathering聚会v.s.meeting,reunion
excursion远足(=outing,expedition)
commonwealth共和国,联邦Commonwealth:
英联邦
tertiary第三的Afterpurchasingahouseandacar,thenextmajorlife
expenditureisalmostcertainlythecostoftertiaryeducation.
primaryàsecondaryàtertiary
post-secondary“post”:
afterpostgraduate,postdoctoral,post-sale,postwar
illiterate文盲不识字的il(no)+literate(words)àilliteracy(<>literacy=
discipline学科,纪律v.s.subject
terminology术语
facultydepartmentandstaffofacollege/university
dean(大学)教务长
curriculum课程(=course)àextracurricular课外的
syllabus课程提纲
calendar日历,日程(~schedule,agenda,timetable)
compulsory强制的,必修的<>elective(选修的)
examiner<>examinee^take/sit,pass/getthrough,fail,retake/resit
recruit招生,招募recruitment=enroll
prestige声望,威信àprestigious
esteem尊敬(n.&v.)youresteemedschool/company
aptitude智力SAT:
SchoolAptitudeTest
matriculation录取入学
vocation职业(=calling,occupation,career)àvocational
vocationaleducation
TAFETechnicalAndFurtherEducation(Australian)
abbreviation缩略(词)~abridge(缩短,删节)
transferable(学分等)可转换的
scholarship奖学金=fellowship
tutorial辅导(课)ßtutor(=lecturer,instructor)
pedagogue教员,学究~pedagogy(教育学,教学法)demagogue(政治煽动家)
lexicography词典编撰(àlexicographer)
assignment任务,(课外)作业
dissertation论文(=thesis)
credential证明,文凭“cred”:
creditlinguisticcredentials
alumni校友(男)<>alumnae
overestimate高估(<>underestimate=
decipher解码,解释(=decode)decipherworkplaceculture
caliber才干
===阅读分类词汇===文化
homogeneous同质的homo+gene+ous(<>heterogeneous=^homosexual,heterosexual
mainstream主流主流的
dialect方言(v.s.accent)
discrepancy差异
misconception误解(mis+concept+ion)=misunderstanding
barrier障碍(物)~bar,=barricade
discrimination区别,歧视racial/sexualdiscriminationßdiscriminate(+against)
hierarchy等级制度heir+arch(govern)+y
insularity岛国性质(ßinsular,^island).
microcosm小天地micro+cosm(os)
nostalgia=homesickness
patriot爱国者(<>traitor=àpatriotic,patriotism
compatriot同胞同胞的com+patriot
vernacular本地的,本国的本地话,本国话thevernacularlanguagesofIndia
HispanicAnAmericanwhosefirstlanguagewasSpanish
immigration移入~immigrant,immigratev.s.emigration(~emigrant,emigrate)
antipodesAnytwoplacesorregionsondiametricallyoppositesides
oftheEarth“fromNorthAmericatotheAntipodes”
permeate渗透,弥漫Smokepermeatedthehouse.
entrepreneur企业家(~enterprise)àentrepreneurship
practitioner开业者,从业者praction(practice)+er
celebrityafamousperson=luminary,VIP
proxy代理人
anecdote轶事(àanecdotal)
notoriety恶名(ßnotorious)
counterpart对应人,对等物Who’sGeorgeBush’scounterpartinChina
counterculture,counterbalance
peer同等的人凝视,窥视(~peep)
subordinate下级下级的<>superior
tactics战术,技巧v.s.strategy(战略,策略)marketingstrategyv.s.selling
tactics
nuanceasubtledifferenceinmeaning
benchmarking类比分析
punctual准时的,守时的(àpunctuality)
absenteeism旷工absentàabsenteeàabsenteeism
flextime弹性工作时间flex(flexible)+time
harass骚扰(àharassment)MarysaidthatGaryhadsexuallyharassedher.
redundancy冗余,冗员networkredundancy
downsize裁员(~layoff)
ballot投票(=vote)
impartial不偏不倚的(<>partial=
lobby大堂(n.)游说(v.)
shortlist(BE)alistofapplicantswhohavebeendeemedsuitableandfrom
whichthesuccessfulpersonwillbechosenà(v.)
equilibrium平衡,均衡
questionnaire调查表,问卷
quantitative定量的(<>qualitative=
contingency偶然性,偶然事件
incur招致incurdebts/hatred/dangerv.s.occur,concur,recur
ethical伦理的,符合伦理的~ethics,<>unethical
dubious疑惑的,可疑的(~doubt)Peopleweredubiousabouttheresult.
manifestation显示,证明(ßmanifest)
subtitle字幕,副标题(sub+title)^subsidiary,submarine,subway(BE:
underground,tube),suburb(~downtown,uptown,outskirts)
dubbing配音录制
vogue时尚^chic
bizarre奇异的v.s.weird(怪异的)
mediocre平庸的
dietitian饮食学家(~diet)
connoisseur行家,鉴赏家^entrée,alacarte
===雅思阅读分类词汇===-生物/生理
molecule分子àmolecular
cellcellular
aminoàaminoacids(氨基酸)
protein蛋白质
enzyme酶(proteinsthatareproducedbycellsandactascatalystsin
specificbiochemicalreactions)
catalyst催化剂
chlorophyll叶绿素“chloro-”:
Cl
photosynthesis光合作用(photo+synthesis)àphotosynthetic
botany植物学(<>zoology=àbotanist,botanical
flora植物群
fauna动物群
bacteriumbacteria(pl.)细菌
fungusfungi(p