雅思阅读分类词汇场景讲述.docx

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雅思阅读分类词汇场景讲述.docx

雅思阅读分类词汇场景讲述

IELTS阅读分类词汇

===阅读分类词汇===心理

theorem原理,定理v.s.theory

methodology方法论(method)

physiology生理学(physiological)

psychiatry精神病学psychology,psycho,psychosis,psychoanalysis

correlation相互关系correlationcoefficient

sensation感觉,知觉(另)轰动sensational

perception感知,认知

intuition知觉(intuitive)

ESP第六感(ExtrasensoryPerception)

motivate激励àmotivation(^bonus,commission,…)

incentive激励因素

stimulus刺激àstimulate,stimulation

disorder紊乱,失调

dysfunction机能障碍dys(=dis)+function

dissonance不和谐,不一致dis+son(sound)+ance

trauma创伤(traumatic)thetraumacausedbySept.11

anxiety焦虑(=anxiousness)

depression沮丧(de+press+ion)~depressedv.s.repression(压抑)

insomnia失眠

phobia恐惧(症)suffix:

-phobia

acrophobiaacronym:

IELTS,TOEFL…

enophobiaafearofforeignersorstrangers

claustrophobiaafearofbeingclosedinaconfinedplace

allergy过敏(症),反感(allergic)Heisallergictocardplaying.

propensityMostboyshaveapropensityofplayingwithmachinery.=tendency,inclination

paranoid偏执的paranoia(偏执狂)

workaholic工作狂(alcoholic)

symptom症状

diagnosis诊断(n.)diagnose(v.)ArthurHaily:

“TheFinalDiagnosis”

electroencephalogram脑电图^electrocardiogram(心电图)

assertive武断的(assert)

therapy治疗法grouptherapy

hypnotism催眠术(~hypnotize)

prescribe开药方v.s.subscribe,describe,inscribeàprescription:

~drugs

antidepressant抗抑郁药

tranquilizer镇静药(tranquil)

side-effect(+s)副作用

immune免疫的,免除的(immunity)

rehabilitation复原,康复

relapse旧病复发,故态复萌v.s.elapse子在川上曰:

逝者如斯夫,

不舍昼夜!

chronic慢性的

adulthood<>childhood

puberty青春发动期

adolescence青春期(thetimeoflifebetweenpubertyandadulthood)

emotional<>rational

affective情感的(affection)

sane神智健全的insane

superstition迷信superstitious

telepathy传心术,通灵术tele(faraway)+pathy(heart)^numerology,palmistry

apathy无感情,无兴趣,冷漠(=indifference)sympathy:

sym(same)+pathy

pathology病理学,病理,病变

delusion迷惑,欺瞒v.s.illusion

disorientation迷失(dis+orientation)~disoriented

pervert使反常/变态反常/变态者perversion

introspection内省v.s.retrospection(回顾,反省)

sublimation纯化,升华sublime

personality=personalcharacteristicsmultiplepersonality(多重人格)

innate天赋的in+nate(nature)=inborn,congenital

attribute属性(àattributable)

trait特征,品质nationaltraits国民性vs.traitor

===阅读分类词汇===科技

ubiquitous普遍存在的=omnipresent(omniscient,omnipotent)

versatile(人)多才多艺的,(物)通用的àversatility

alchemy炼金术

transmute变形,变质transmutesilverintogold(!

arduous艰巨的(=strenuous)anarduoustask

pitfall陷阱,未预见之困难

metallurgy冶金

alloy合金

aluminum=aluminium(BE)^calcium,uranium,radium,copper,brass,bronze

electrode电极

distill蒸馏distilledwater

quartz石英

phosphorus磷,磷光物质

inflammable易燃的(flame)

combustion燃烧(combustible)spontaneouscombustion(whitephosphorus)

ceramic陶瓷的瓷器(ceramics)

insulate隔离,绝缘insulator(<>conductor=

fiber纤维(BE:

fibre)fiberoptics(纤维光学)

optics光学(àoptical)

retina视网膜

iris虹膜

opaque不透明的v.s.transparent,translucent

microprocessor微处理器^CPU(CentralProcessingUnit),chip

binary二进制的

integrateintegration,integratedcircuit(IC),systemintegration(SI)

buffer缓冲区bufferstorage

browser浏览器(IE,Netscape)

hypertext超文本

envisage想象,看作en+vis(see)+agebeenvisagedas

momentous(极为)重要的v.s.momentary

reticular网状的

Ethernet以太网

domain域domainnames

cyberlaw网络法律“cyber-“:

Internetrelatedcyberlove,cybercafe,…

patent专利(patented)v.s.copyright,^piratedsoftware/VCD’s

chronological按时间顺序的“chron”:

time^chronic,chronicle,chronograph

robot机器人(“肉包它”)robotics

artificial人造的,做作的artificialsatellite/smile

cone圆锥体,锥形物thenoseconeofamissile

Jupiter木星Mercury,Venus,Mars,Saturn

exorbitant过度的,过分的,过高的ex(out)+orbit+ant

centripetal向心(力)的<>centrifugal

high-rise高楼(~skyscraper)

cathedral大教堂

dome圆顶(ahemisphericalroof)

infrastructure基础设施<>superstructure

sewage污水,下水道

hydraulic水力的,水压的

landfill垃圾掩埋(地)

ventilation通风

thermostat温控器thermo(hot)+stat(steady)^thermos,thermometer,

thermonuclear

prefabricate预先制造prefab(预制的)

polytechnic各种工艺的理工学校HongKongPolytechnic

geometric几何(学)的geometry,geo(land)+metry(measure)

asymmetry不对称a(not)+sym(same)+metry(↑)<>symmetry

concave凹的<>convex=

bilateral双边的,两方面的<>unilateral

paradoxical“似非而是”的paradox(悖论)

empirical经验的empiricallaw/formula

clockwise顺时针的(<>anticlockwise

===阅读分类词汇===教育

accommodation(膳宿)供应=roomandboard

lodging寄宿(处)

lease出租“forlease”,“tolet”v.s.rent

tenant房客,佃户

landlord房东àlandlady(f)ßLord,<>tenant,housemate~roommate,dormmate,schoolmate,classmate

dormitory寝室(abbrev.dorm)

aupairAyoungforeignerwholiveswithafamilyinreturnfordoinglighthousework(另)=reciprocal

reciprocal相互的,互惠的

hostelyouthhostel~hotel

realestate房地产

vicinity=neighborhood

flat平的,瘪的flattire公寓(=apartment)^condo,studio

bond=deposit

linen亚麻的亚麻织品,床单(=bedlinen)

utensil器皿

stationery文具(v.s.stationary)

laundry洗衣,洗衣店

cafeteria自助餐厅~canteen

cater满足(需要)

aerobics有氧健身操“aero”:

air

badminton羽毛球(运动)

baseball棒球baseballbat

squash壁球(运动)

amateur<>professional

gathering聚会v.s.meeting,reunion

excursion远足(=outing,expedition)

commonwealth共和国,联邦Commonwealth:

英联邦

tertiary第三的Afterpurchasingahouseandacar,thenextmajorlife

expenditureisalmostcertainlythecostoftertiaryeducation.

primaryàsecondaryàtertiary

post-secondary“post”:

afterpostgraduate,postdoctoral,post-sale,postwar

illiterate文盲不识字的il(no)+literate(words)àilliteracy(<>literacy=

discipline学科,纪律v.s.subject

terminology术语

facultydepartmentandstaffofacollege/university

dean(大学)教务长

curriculum课程(=course)àextracurricular课外的

syllabus课程提纲

calendar日历,日程(~schedule,agenda,timetable)

compulsory强制的,必修的<>elective(选修的)

examiner<>examinee^take/sit,pass/getthrough,fail,retake/resit

recruit招生,招募recruitment=enroll

prestige声望,威信àprestigious

esteem尊敬(n.&v.)youresteemedschool/company

aptitude智力SAT:

SchoolAptitudeTest

matriculation录取入学

vocation职业(=calling,occupation,career)àvocational

vocationaleducation

TAFETechnicalAndFurtherEducation(Australian)

abbreviation缩略(词)~abridge(缩短,删节)

transferable(学分等)可转换的

scholarship奖学金=fellowship

tutorial辅导(课)ßtutor(=lecturer,instructor)

pedagogue教员,学究~pedagogy(教育学,教学法)demagogue(政治煽动家)

lexicography词典编撰(àlexicographer)

assignment任务,(课外)作业

dissertation论文(=thesis)

credential证明,文凭“cred”:

creditlinguisticcredentials

alumni校友(男)<>alumnae

overestimate高估(<>underestimate=

decipher解码,解释(=decode)decipherworkplaceculture

caliber才干

===阅读分类词汇===文化

homogeneous同质的homo+gene+ous(<>heterogeneous=^homosexual,heterosexual

mainstream主流主流的

dialect方言(v.s.accent)

discrepancy差异

misconception误解(mis+concept+ion)=misunderstanding

barrier障碍(物)~bar,=barricade

discrimination区别,歧视racial/sexualdiscriminationßdiscriminate(+against)

hierarchy等级制度heir+arch(govern)+y

insularity岛国性质(ßinsular,^island).

microcosm小天地micro+cosm(os)

nostalgia=homesickness

patriot爱国者(<>traitor=àpatriotic,patriotism

compatriot同胞同胞的com+patriot

vernacular本地的,本国的本地话,本国话thevernacularlanguagesofIndia

HispanicAnAmericanwhosefirstlanguagewasSpanish

immigration移入~immigrant,immigratev.s.emigration(~emigrant,emigrate)

antipodesAnytwoplacesorregionsondiametricallyoppositesides

oftheEarth“fromNorthAmericatotheAntipodes”

permeate渗透,弥漫Smokepermeatedthehouse.

entrepreneur企业家(~enterprise)àentrepreneurship

practitioner开业者,从业者praction(practice)+er

celebrityafamousperson=luminary,VIP

proxy代理人

anecdote轶事(àanecdotal)

notoriety恶名(ßnotorious)

counterpart对应人,对等物Who’sGeorgeBush’scounterpartinChina

counterculture,counterbalance

peer同等的人凝视,窥视(~peep)

subordinate下级下级的<>superior

tactics战术,技巧v.s.strategy(战略,策略)marketingstrategyv.s.selling

tactics

nuanceasubtledifferenceinmeaning

benchmarking类比分析

punctual准时的,守时的(àpunctuality)

absenteeism旷工absentàabsenteeàabsenteeism

flextime弹性工作时间flex(flexible)+time

harass骚扰(àharassment)MarysaidthatGaryhadsexuallyharassedher.

redundancy冗余,冗员networkredundancy

downsize裁员(~layoff)

ballot投票(=vote)

impartial不偏不倚的(<>partial=

lobby大堂(n.)游说(v.)

shortlist(BE)alistofapplicantswhohavebeendeemedsuitableandfrom

whichthesuccessfulpersonwillbechosenà(v.)

equilibrium平衡,均衡

questionnaire调查表,问卷

quantitative定量的(<>qualitative=

contingency偶然性,偶然事件

incur招致incurdebts/hatred/dangerv.s.occur,concur,recur

ethical伦理的,符合伦理的~ethics,<>unethical

dubious疑惑的,可疑的(~doubt)Peopleweredubiousabouttheresult.

manifestation显示,证明(ßmanifest)

subtitle字幕,副标题(sub+title)^subsidiary,submarine,subway(BE:

underground,tube),suburb(~downtown,uptown,outskirts)

dubbing配音录制

vogue时尚^chic

bizarre奇异的v.s.weird(怪异的)

mediocre平庸的

dietitian饮食学家(~diet)

connoisseur行家,鉴赏家^entrée,alacarte

===雅思阅读分类词汇===-生物/生理

molecule分子àmolecular

cellcellular

aminoàaminoacids(氨基酸)

protein蛋白质

enzyme酶(proteinsthatareproducedbycellsandactascatalystsin

specificbiochemicalreactions)

catalyst催化剂

chlorophyll叶绿素“chloro-”:

Cl

photosynthesis光合作用(photo+synthesis)àphotosynthetic

botany植物学(<>zoology=àbotanist,botanical

flora植物群

fauna动物群

bacteriumbacteria(pl.)细菌

fungusfungi(p

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