雅思阅读分类词汇场景讲述.docx

1、雅思阅读分类词汇场景讲述IELTS阅读分类词汇 =阅读分类词汇=心理theorem 原理，定理v.s. theorymethodology 方法论 (method)physiology 生理学 (physiological)psychiatry 精神病学psychology, psycho, psychosis, psychoanalysiscorrelation 相互关系correlation coefficientsensation 感觉，知觉 (另)轰动 sensationalperception 感知，认知intuition 知觉 (intuitive)ESP 第六感 (Extrase

2、nsory Perception)motivate 激励 motivation ( bonus, commission, )incentive 激励因素stimulus 刺激 stimulate, stimulationdisorder 紊乱，失调dysfunction 机能障碍dys(=dis) + functiondissonance 不和谐，不一致dis + son(sound) +ancetrauma 创伤(traumatic)the trauma caused by Sept. 11anxiety 焦虑 (= anxiousness)depression 沮丧 (de + press

3、 + ion) depressedv.s. repression (压抑)insomnia 失眠phobia 恐惧(症) suffix: -phobiaacrophobia acronym: IELTS, TOEFLenophobia a fear of foreigners or strangersclaustrophobia a fear of being closed in a confined placeallergy 过敏(症)，反感 ( allergic)He is allergic to card playing.propensity Most boys have a prope

4、nsity of playing with machinery.= tendency, inclinationparanoid 偏执的 paranoia (偏执狂)workaholic 工作狂 ( alcoholic)symptom 症状diagnosis 诊断(n.) diagnose (v.)Arthur Haily: “The Final Diagnosis”electroencephalogram 脑电图 electrocardiogram (心电图)assertive 武断的 ( assert)therapy 治疗法group therapyhypnotism 催眠术 ( hypno

5、tize)prescribe 开药方v.s. subscribe, describe, inscribe prescription: drugsantidepressant 抗抑郁药tranquilizer 镇静药 ( tranquil)side-effect (+s) 副作用immune 免疫的，免除的 ( immunity)rehabilitation 复原，康复relapse 旧病复发，故态复萌v.s. elapse 子在川上曰：逝者如斯夫，不舍昼夜！chronic 慢性的adulthood childhoodpuberty 青春发动期adolescence 青春期 (the time

6、of life between puberty and adulthood)emotional rationalaffective 情感的 ( affection)sane 神智健全的 insanesuperstition 迷信superstitioustelepathy 传心术，通灵术tele(far away) + pathy(heart) numerology, palmistryapathy 无感情，无兴趣，冷漠 (= indifference) sympathy: sym(same) + pathypathology 病理学，病理，病变delusion 迷惑，欺瞒v.s. illus

7、iondisorientation 迷失 (dis + orientation) disorientedpervert 使反常/变态 反常/变态者 perversionintrospection 内省v.s. retrospection (回顾，反省)sublimation 纯化，升华 sublimepersonality = personal characteristicsmultiple personality (多重人格)innate 天赋的 in + nate(nature)= inborn, congenitalattribute 属性 ( attributable)trait 特征

8、，品质national traits 国民性vs. traitor =阅读分类词汇=科技ubiquitous 普遍存在的= omnipresent (omniscient, omnipotent)versatile (人)多才多艺的，(物)通用的 versatilityalchemy 炼金术transmute 变形，变质transmute silver into gold (!)arduous 艰巨的 (=strenuous)an arduous taskpitfall 陷阱，未预见之困难metallurgy 冶金alloy 合金aluminum = aluminium (BE) calciu

9、m, uranium, radium ,copper, brass, bronzeelectrode 电极distill 蒸馏 distilled waterquartz 石英phosphorus 磷，磷光物质inflammable 易燃的 ( flame)combustion 燃烧 (combustible)spontaneous combustion (white phosphorus)ceramic 陶瓷的 瓷器 (ceramics)insulate 隔离，绝缘insulator ( conductorfiber 纤维 (BE: fibre)fiber optics (纤维光学)opti

10、cs 光学 ( optical)retina 视网膜iris 虹膜opaque 不透明的v.s. transparent, translucentmicroprocessor 微处理器 CPU(Central Processing Unit), chipbinary 二进制的integrate integration ,integrated circuit (IC), system integration (SI)buffer 缓冲区buffer storagebrowser 浏览器 ( IE, Netscape)hypertext 超文本envisage 想象，看作 en + vis(see

11、) + age be envisaged as momentous (极为)重要的v.s. momentaryreticular 网状的Ethernet 以太网domain 域 domain namescyberlaw 网络法律 “cyber-“: Internet relatedcyberlove, cybercafe, patent 专利 ( patented)v.s. copyright, pirated software/VCDschronological 按时间顺序的 “chron”: time chronic, chronicle, chronographrobot 机器人(“肉包

12、它”) roboticsartificial 人造的，做作的artificial satellite/smilecone 圆锥体，锥形物the nose cone of a missileJupiter 木星 Mercury, Venus, Mars, Saturnexorbitant 过度的，过分的，过高的ex(out) + orbit + antcentripetal 向心(力)的 centrifugalhigh-rise 高楼 ( skyscraper)cathedral 大教堂dome 圆顶 (a hemispherical roof)infrastructure 基础设施 super

13、structuresewage 污水，下水道hydraulic 水力的，水压的landfill 垃圾掩埋(地)ventilation 通风thermostat 温控器thermo(hot) + stat(steady) thermos, thermometer, thermonuclearprefabricate 预先制造 prefab (预制的)polytechnic 各种工艺的 理工学校Hong Kong Polytechnicgeometric 几何(学)的 geometry, geo(land) + metry(measure)asymmetry 不对称 a(not) + sym(sa

14、me) + metry() symmetryconcave 凹的 convexbilateral 双边的，两方面的 unilateralparadoxical “似非而是”的 paradox (悖论)empirical 经验的empirical law/formulaclockwise 顺时针的 ( anticlockwise =阅读分类词汇=教育accommodation (膳宿)供应= room and boardlodging 寄宿(处)lease 出租 “for lease”, “to let”v.s. renttenant 房客，佃户landlord 房东 landlady(f) L

15、ord, tenant ,housemate roommate, dormmate, schoolmate, classmatedormitory 寝室 (abbrev. dorm)au pair A young foreigner who lives with a family in return for doing light housework (另) = reciprocalreciprocal 相互的，互惠的hostel youth hostel hotelreal estate 房地产vicinity = neighborhoodflat 平的，瘪的 flat tire公寓(= a

16、partment) condo, studiobond = depositlinen 亚麻的 亚麻织品，床单(= bed linen)utensil 器皿stationery 文具 (v.s. stationary)laundry 洗衣，洗衣店cafeteria 自助餐厅 canteencater 满足(需要)aerobics 有氧健身操 “aero”: airbadminton 羽毛球(运动)baseball 棒球 baseball batsquash 壁球(运动)amateur professionalgathering 聚会v.s. meeting, reunionexcursion 远

17、足 (= outing, expedition)commonwealth 共和国，联邦Commonwealth: 英联邦tertiary 第三的After purchasing a house and a car, the next major life expenditure is almost certainly the cost of tertiary education.primary secondary tertiarypost-secondary “post”: afterpostgraduate, postdoctoral, post-sale, postwarilliterat

18、e 文盲 不识字的il(no) + literate(words) illiteracy ( literacydiscipline 学科，纪律v.s. subjectterminology 术语faculty department and staff of a college/universitydean (大学)教务长curriculum 课程 (= course) extracurricular 课外的syllabus 课程提纲calendar 日历，日程 ( schedule, agenda, timetable)compulsory 强制的，必修的 elective (选修的)exam

19、iner examinee take/sit, pass/get through, fail, retake/resitrecruit 招生，招募 recruitment= enrollprestige 声望，威信 prestigiousesteem 尊敬 (n. & v.)your esteemed school/companyaptitude 智力SAT: School Aptitude Testmatriculation 录取入学vocation 职业 (= calling, occupation, career) vocational vocational educationTAFE

20、Technical And Further Education (Australian)abbreviation 缩略(词) abridge (缩短，删节)transferable (学分等)可转换的scholarship 奖学金= fellowshiptutorial 辅导(课) tutor (= lecturer, instructor)pedagogue 教员，学究 pedagogy (教育学，教学法) demagogue (政治煽动家)lexicography 词典编撰 ( lexicographer)assignment 任务，(课外)作业dissertation 论文 (= the

21、sis)credential 证明，文凭 “cred”: creditlinguistic credentialsalumni 校友(男) alumnaeoverestimate 高估 ( underestimatedecipher 解码，解释 (= decode)decipher workplace culturecaliber 才干 =阅读分类词汇=文化homogeneous 同质的 homo + gene +ous( heterogeneous homosexual, heterosexualmainstream 主流 主流的dialect 方言 (v.s. accent)discrep

22、ancy 差异misconception 误解 (mis + concept + ion)= misunderstandingbarrier 障碍(物) bar, = barricadediscrimination 区别，歧视racial/sexual discrimination discriminate (+against)hierarchy 等级制度heir + arch(govern) + yinsularity 岛国性质 ( insular, island) .microcosm 小天地 micro + cosm(os)nostalgia = homesicknesspatriot

23、爱国者 ( traitor patriotic, patriotismcompatriot 同胞 同胞的com + patriotvernacular 本地的，本国的 本地话，本国话the vernacular languages of IndiaHispanic An American whose first language was Spanishimmigration 移入 immigrant, immigratev.s. emigration ( emigrant, emigrate) antipodes Any two places or regions on diametrical

24、ly opposite sides of the Earth“from North America to the Antipodes”permeate 渗透，弥漫Smoke permeated the house.entrepreneur 企业家 ( enterprise) entrepreneurshippractitioner 开业者，从业者praction(practice) + ercelebrity a famous person= luminary, VIPproxy 代理人anecdote 轶事 ( anecdotal)notoriety 恶名 ( notorious)count

25、erpart 对应人，对等物Whos George Bushs counterpart in China counterculture, counterbalancepeer 同等的人 凝视，窥视( peep)subordinate 下级 下级的 superiortactics 战术，技巧v.s. strategy (战略，策略) marketing strategy v.s. selling tacticsnuance a subtle difference in meaningbenchmarking 类比分析punctual 准时的，守时的 ( punctuality)absenteei

26、sm 旷工absent absentee absenteeismflextime 弹性工作时间flex(flexible) + timeharass 骚扰 ( harassment)Mary said that Gary had sexually harassed her.redundancy 冗余，冗员network redundancydownsize 裁员 ( lay off)ballot 投票 (= vote)impartial 不偏不倚的 ( partiallobby 大堂(n.) 游说(v.)shortlist (BE) a list of applicants who have

27、been deemed suitable and fromwhich the successful person will be chosen (v.)equilibrium 平衡，均衡questionnaire 调查表，问卷quantitative 定量的 ( qualitativecontingency 偶然性，偶然事件incur 招致incur debts/hatred/dangerv.s. occur, concur, recurethical 伦理的，符合伦理的 ethics, unethicaldubious 疑惑的，可疑的 ( doubt)People were dubious

28、about the result.manifestation 显示，证明 ( manifest)subtitle 字幕，副标题 (sub + title) subsidiary, submarine, subway (BE:underground, tube), suburb( downtown, uptown, outskirts)dubbing 配音录制vogue 时尚 chicbizarre 奇异的v.s. weird (怪异的)mediocre 平庸的dietitian 饮食学家 ( diet)connoisseur 行家，鉴赏家 entre, a la carte =雅思阅读分类词汇

29、=-生物/生理molecule 分子 molecularcell cellularamino amino acids (氨基酸)protein 蛋白质enzyme 酶(proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts inspecific biochemical reactions)catalyst 催化剂chlorophyll 叶绿素“chloro-”: Clphotosynthesis 光合作用 (photo + synthesis) photosyntheticbotany 植物学 ( zoology botanist, botanicalflora 植物群fauna 动物群bacterium bacteria (pl.) 细菌fungus fungi (p