高一英语阅读理解专讲专练 unit 10 the world around us 推理.docx

高一英语阅读理解专讲专练 unit 10 the world around us 推理.docx

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高一英语阅读理解专讲专练unit10theworldaroundus推理

Unit10Theworldaroundus

推理

　　推理是在理解文章表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定的判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义的方法。

有时作者并未把意图说出来，我们可根据字面意思，通过研究语篇的逻辑关系和细节的暗示，来推敲作者的态度，进行深层理解。

推理是一种创造性的思维活动。

　　由于推理是在已知的基础上来推断未知的，因此我们必须忠实于原文，要以文章提供的事实和线索为依据来进行推理和判断，不能凭空想象，随意揣测，把自己的臆断强加给作者。

正确推理包括这几个方面：

①弄清作者的意图，以及写作的缘由。

②分析材料所提供的信息。

③注意字、词的原意及引申含意。

④根据句子的含意推断作者的言外之意。

总之，只有吃透文章的字面意思，推理才有前提和基础。

　　PassageA

　　阅读理解

　　Millionsofyearsagothereweremanytypesofdinosaursonearth.Mostdinosaurswereplanteaters.TheApatosaurus,forexample,hadalongthinnecksothatitcouldeatleavesfromtrees.Otherdinosaursweremeateaters.TheTyrannosaurusRexkilledsmallerdinosaursforfood.

　　Dinosaurswererealanimalsthatoncelivedontheearth,buttheydiedoutabout65millionyearsago.Thedisappearanceofthedinosaursisinsomewayagreatmystery（谜）.①Somescientiststhinkthattheclimate（气候）changedsuddenly.Fossils（化石）oftreestellusthatthetemperaturedroppedalotandthattheleveloftheseadroppedaswell.②Thismeansthatitgotsuddenlymuchcolder.Perhapsthedinosaursweretooslowtochangewiththeclimate.

　　Anewideaisthatameteor（流星）crashedintotheearth.ScientistsdiscoveredaplaceinMexicowheretheythinkthemeteorcrashed.Theythinkthattherewasalotofdustfromthemeteor.Thedustlandedontheplants.Alsothedustblocked（阻挡）thesun'slightforaslongasfiveyears.Manyanimals,includingdinosaurs,wereplanteaters,andperhapsthedustkilledthem.Thismeanstherewasnothingleftformeateatingdinosaurstoeat,andsotheydiedout.But,asmanyanimalsfromthattimedidntdie,wearenot100%surewhatreallyhappened.

　　根据文章内容，选择正确答案：

　　1.Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?

　　A.Dinosaurs,therealanimalslivingmillionsofyearsago.

　　B.Thetwotypesofdinosaurs.

　　C.Theprobablereasonsfordinosaursdisappearance.

　　D.Ameteorcrashedintotheearth.

　　2.Whatarethetwopossibleexplanationstothedinosaursdisappearance?

　　A.Temperaturedroppingandsealeveldropping.

　　B.Climatechangingandmeteor'scrashing.

　　C.Thedroppingoftemperatureandsealevel.

　　D.Climatechangingandthedustblockingthesun.

　　3.Whatisthedirectcauseofthedisappearanceofmeateatingdinosaurs?

　　A.Ameteor'scrashing.

　　B.Thedustblockingthesun.

　　C.Theplanteatingdinosaursdeath.

　　D.Itisstillunknown.

　　难句注释

　　①Thedisappearanceofthedinosaursisinsomewayagreatmystery.

　　恐龙的消失在某种程度上说还是个谜。

　　Totalwords:

233

　　Readingtime:

____

　　Readingspeed:

____

　　②Fossilsoftreestellusthatthetemperaturedroppedalotandthattheleveloftheseadroppedaswell.

　　树木的化石告诉我们气温大大地降低了,海平面也降低了。

　　PassageB

　　阅读理解

　　Theelephantisthebiggestfourleggedanimalintheworld.Itisalso,perhaps,thegentlest（温顺的）,butnotalways!

　　Elephantsarelikeusinsomeways.Theyliveforalongtime―fiftyorsixtyyears.Theycanrememberthingsverywell.Theyneverforgetgreatsadnessorgreathappiness.Ifafemale（雌性的）elephantdies,herdaughtersandhergranddaughtersaresadformanymonths.Theystaywiththedeadbody.Thentheycarryabitofitawaywiththem.Theyneverforgetadeadfriend.

　　Elephantsarelikeus,buttheyarealsodifferent.Theyliveinfamiliesoffemales.Therewillbeafewyoungmales―afew“babyboys”.Butthefemaleswillsoonsendthemaway.Anelephantfamilykeepsonlyitsdaughters,mothersanditsgreatgrandmothers.

　　Thefemalesstaytogetherforfifty,sixty...ahundredyears.Theolderanimalslookaftertheyoungerones.Themothersteachtheirdaughtersandsetagoodexample.①

　　Andwhathappenstomale（雄性的）elephants?

Well,theyoungmalesstaywiththeirmothersforatime.Thentheymustleavethefamily.Thefemalesjustsendthemaway.Amaleelephantdoesnotoftenhaveafriend.Helivesapartawayfromthefamily,②andoftenawayfromothermaleelephants.Sometimesthefemalescallamaleelephant.Hecanvisitthemthen,andstayforatime.Butsoonhis“wife”andsisterssendhimawayagain.Thefemaleshaveaveryhappyfamilylife.Whatdothemaleelephantsthinkaboutit?

Wedon'tknow.

　　根据文章内容，选择正确答案：

　　1.Intheelephantfamily,thereare____.

　　A.femalesand,sometimes,afewyoungmales

　　B.parentswholivetogether

　　C.onlybullswiththeirmalefriends

　　D.parentsandalltheirbabieslivinghappily

　　2.Anadultmaleelephantoften____.

　　A.livestogetherwithhis“wife”

　　B.livesbyhimself

　　C.hasmanyfemalefriends

　　D.hasmanymalefriends

　　3.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

　　A.TheElephant

　　B.TheFourleggedAnimal

　　C.TheFemaleElephant

　　D.TheElephantsFamily

　　难句注释

　　①setagoodexample

　　树立一个好的榜样。

　　Totalwords:

259

　　Readingtime:

____

　　Readingspeed:

____

　　②Helivesapartawayfromthefamily.

　　他不和家人生活在一起。

　　PassageC

　　阅读理解

　　Animalsarenaturalresourcesthatpeoplehavewastedallthroughourhistory.

　　Animalshavebeenkilledfortheirfurandfeathers,forfood,forsport,andsimplybecausetheywereintheway.Thousandsofkindsofanimalshavedisappearedfromtheworldforever.Hundredsmoreareonthedangerlisttoday.About170kindsintheUnitedStatesaloneareconsideredindanger.①

　　Whyshouldpeoplecare?

Becauseweneedanimals.Andbecauseoncetheyaregone,therewillneverbeanymore.

　　Animalsaremorethanjustbeautifulandinteresting.②Theyaremorethanjustasourceoffood.Everyanimalhasitsplaceinthebalanceofnature（生态平衡）.Destroyingonekindofanimalcancreatemanyproblems.

　　Forexample,whenfarmerskilledlargenumbersofhawks（老鹰）,thefarmersstoresofcornandgrainweredestroyedbyratsandmice.Why?

Becausehawkseatratsandmice.Withnohawkstokeepdowntheirnumbers,theratsandmicemultiplied（繁殖）quickly.

　　Luckily,somepeopleareworkingtohelpsavetheanimals.Somegroupsraisemoneytoletpeopleknowabouttheproblem.Andtheytrytogetthegovernmentstopasslawsprotectinganimalsindanger.

　　Quiteafewcountrieshavepassedlaws.Theselawsforbid（禁止）thekillingofanyanimalsorplantsonthedangerlist.Slowly,thenumberofsomeanimalsindangerisgrowing.

　　根据文章内容，选择正确答案：

　　1.Animalsareimportanttousmainlybecause____.

　　A.theygiveusasourceoffood

　　B.theyarebeautifulandlovely

　　C.theykeepthebalanceofnature

　　D.theygiveusalotofpleasure

　　2.Whathashappenedtotheanimalsontheearth?

　　A.Hundredsofkindsofanimalshavedisappearedforever.

　　B.Manykindsofanimalshavediedout.

　　C.About170kindsofanimalshavedisappearedforever.

　　D.Allkindsofanimalsareindanger.

　　3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

　　A.Peoplecaremuchaboutanimalsbecausetheyneedthem.

　　B.Onceacertainkindofanimalsisgoneforever,therewillneverbeanymore.

　　C.Killingallratsandmicemaycausesomeproblems.

　　D.Peoplemustnotkillanyanimals.

　　4.Whatcanweinferfromthefactthatquiteafewcountrieshavepassedlawsprotectinganimalsindanger?

　　A.Everypersonwillknowtheimportanceofprotectingwildanimals.

　　B.Animalsindangerwillnotbekilledanymore.

　　C.Thenumberofsomeanimalsindangerwillincrease.

　　D.Animalsindangerwillbekeptawayfrompeople.

　　难句注释

　　①About170kindsintheUnitedStatesaloneareconsideredindanger.

　　仅美国就有大约170种动物濒临灭绝。

　　Totalwords:

229

　　Readingtime:

____

　　Readingspeed:

____

　　②Animalsaremorethanjustbeautifulandinteresting.

　　动物不仅只是漂亮有趣。

　　morethan超过，不仅仅。

　　PassageD

　　完形填空

　　Inthepast,mandidnothavetothinkabouttheprotectionofhisenvironment.Therewerefewpeopleontheearth,andnaturalresourcesseemedtobe1.

　　Todaythingsare2,theworldhasbecometoo3.Weareusingupournaturalresourcestooquicklyandatthesametimeweare4ourenvironmentwithdangerouschemicals（化学制品）.Ifwecontinuetodothis,humanlifeontheearth5survive.

　　Everyone6todaythatiftoomanyfishesaretakenfromthesea,therewillsoonbenoneleft.①Yet,withmodernfishing7,moreandmorefishesarecaught.Weknowthatiftoomanytreesarecutdown,8willdisappearandnothingwillgrowontheearth.Yetwe9tousebiggerandmorepowerfulmachinesto10moreandmoretrees.

　　Werealizethatifriversarepollutedwithwasteproductsfromfactories,fishwilldie.11,inmostcountrieswastesare12putintoriversorintothesea,andthereare13lawstostopthis.

　　Weknow,too,thatifthe14oftheworldcontinuestoriseatthepresentrate②,inafewyearstherewillnotbeenough15.Whatcanwedotosolvetheseproblems?

　　Ifweeatmorevegetablesandless16,therewillbemorefoodavailable（可用的）foreveryone.Landthatisusedtogrowcrops17fivetimesmorepeoplethanlandwhereanimalsarekept.

　　Ournaturalresourceswill18longerifwelearntorecycle（循环再用）them.

　　Theworldpopulationwillnotrisesoquicklyifpeopleusemodernmethodsofbirth19.

　　Finally,ifweeducatepeopletothinkabouttheproblems,weshallhaveabetterandcleaner20inthefuture.

　　根据文章内容，选择正确答案：

　　1.A.beautifulBunlimitedCunusualDvaluable

　　2.A.commonB.thesameC.changeableD.different

　　3.A.crowdedB.smallC.dirtyD.busy

　　4.A.protectingB.savingC.pollutingD.fighting

　　5.A.maynotB.willnotC.shallnotD.couldnot

　　6.A.wondersB.realizesC.considersD.discovers

　　7.A.polesB.boatsC.methodsD.ideas

　　8.A.mountainsB.theseaC.treesD.forests

　　9.A.continueB.haveC.oughtD.goon

　　10.A.growB.plantC.saveD.cutdown

　　11.A.ThusB.HoweverC.GenerallyD.Therefore

　　12.A.stillB.evenC.alsoD.certainly

　　13.A.manyB.noneC.someD.few

　　14.A.productionB.pollutio