大学英语四级考试模拟题.docx

大学英语四级考试模拟题.docx

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大学英语四级考试模拟题

2019年大学英语四级考试模拟题

PartⅢReadingComprehension（40minutes）

SectionA

Directions:

Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce．

Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Afewmonthsago,Iwasdownwithaterriblecoldwhichendedwithapersistentbadcough.Nomatterhowmanydifferent26Itried,Istillcouldn’tgetridofthecough.Notonlydidit27myteachingbutalsomylifeasawhole.Thenonedayafterclass,astudentcameuptomeand28traditionalChinesemedicine.Fromherdescription,Chinesemedicinesoundedasifithadmagicpowerthatworkedwonders;Iwas29aboutitbecauseIknewsolittleaboutitandhavenevertrieditbefore.Eventually,mycoughgotsomuch30thatIcouldn’tsleepatnight,soIdecidedtogiveitatry.TheChinesedoctortookmypulseandaskedtoseemytongue,bothofwhichwerenew31tomebecausetheyarebothnon-existentinWesternmedicine.Thenthedoctorgavemeascrapping（刮）treatmentknownas‘GuaSha’.Iwasalittle32atfirstbecauseheusedasmoothedgedtooltoscrapetheskinonmyneckandshoulders.Afewminuteslater,the33strokesstartedtoproducearelievingeffectandmybodyandmindbeganto34deeperintorelaxation.

Ididn’tfeelanyimprovementinmyconditioninthefirstcoupleofdays,butafterafewmoreregularvisitstothedoctor,mycoughstartedto35.then,withinamatterofweeks,itwascompletelygone!

A）deepenE）lessenI）remediesM）temporary

B）experiencesF）licensesJ）scaredN）tremble

C）hesitantG）pressuredK）sensitiveO）worse

D）inconvenienceH）recommendedL）sink

SectionB

Directions:

Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoeachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

IsitreallyOKtoeatfoodthat’sfallenonthefloor?

[A]Whenyoudropapieceoffoodonthefloor,isitreallyOKtoeatyoupickitupwithinfiveseconds?

Anurbanfoodmythcontendsthatiffoodspendsjustafewsecondsonthefloor,dirtandgermswon’thavemuchofachancetocontaminateit.Researchinmylabhasfocusedonhowfoodbecomescontaminated,andwe’vedonesomeworkonthisparticularpieceofwisdom.

[B]Whilethe“five-secondrule”mightnotseemlikethemostpressingissueforfoodscientiststogettothebottomof,it’sstillworthinvestigatingfoodmythslikethisonebecausetheyshapeourbeliefsaboutwhenfoodissafetoeat.

[C]Soisfivesecondsonthefloorthecriticalthreshold（门槛）thatseparatesapieceofeatablefoodfromacaseoffoodpoisoning?

It’sabitmorecomplicatedthanthat.Itdependsonjusthowmanybacteriacanmakeitfromfloortofoodinafewsecondsandjusthowdirtytheflooris.

[D]WonderingiffoodisstillOKtoeatafterit’sdroppedonthefloorisaprettycommonexperience.Andit’sprobablynotanewoneeither.Awell-known,butinaccurate,storyaboutJuliaChildmayhavecontributedtothisfoodmyth.Someviewersofhercookingshow,TheFrenchChef,insisttheysawChilddroplambonthefloorandpickitup,withtheadvicethatiftheywerealonginthekitchen,theirguestswouldneverknow.

[E]Infactitwasapotatopancake,anditfellonthestovetop,notonthefloor.Childputitbackinthepain,saying.“Butyoucanalwayspickitupandifyou’realoneinthekitchen,who’sgoingtoseeit?

”Butthemisrememberedstorypersists.It’shardertopindowntheoriginsoftheoft-quotedfive-secondrule,buta2003studyreportedthat70%ofwomenand56%ofmensurveyedwerefamiliarwiththefive-secondruleandthatwomenweremorelikelythanmentoeatfoodthathaddroppedonthefloor.

[F]Sowhatdoessciencetellusaboutwhatafewmomentsonthefloormeansforthesafetyofyourfood?

Theearliestresearchreportonthefive-secondruleisattributedtoJillianClarke,ahighschoolstudentparticipatinginaresearchapprenticeshipattheUniversityofIllinois.Clarkeandhercolleaguesinoculatedfloortileswithbacteriathenplacedfoodonthetilesforvaryingtimes.Theyreportedbacteriaweretransferredfromthetiletogummybearsandcookieswithinfiveseconds,butdidn’treportthespecificamountofbacteriathatmadeitfromthetiletothefood.

[G]Buthowmuchbacteriaactuallytransferinfiveseconds?

In2007,mylabatClemsonUniversitypublishedastudy–theonlypeer-reviewedjournalpaperonthistopic–intheJournalofAppliedMicrobiology.Wewantedtoknowifthelengthoftimefoodisincontactwithacontaminatedsurfaceaffectedtherateoftransferofbacteriatothefood.Tofindout,weinoculatedsquaresoftile,carpetorwoodwithSalmonella.Fiveminutesafterthat,weplacedeitherbolognaorbreadonthesurfacefor5,30or60seconds,andthenmeasuredtheamountofbacteriatransferredtothefood.Werepeatedthisexactprotocolafterthebacteriahadbeenonthesurfacefortwo,four,eightand24hours.

[H]Wefoundthatthenumberofbacteriatransferredtoeitherkindoffooddidn’tdependmuchonhowlongthefoodwasincontactwiththecontaminatedsurface—whetherforafewsecondsorforawholeminute.Theoverallamountofbacteriaonthesurfacematteredmore,andthisdecreasedovertimeaftertheinitialinoculation.Itlookslikewhat’satissueislesshowlongyourfoodstaysonthefloorandmuchmorehowcontaminatedwithbacteriathatpatchoffloorhappenstobe.

[I]Wealsofoundthatthekindofsurfacemadeadifferenceaswell.Carpets,forinstance,seemtobeslightlybetterplacestodropyourfoodthanwoodortile.WhencarpetwasinoculatedwithSalmonella,lessthan1%ofthebacteriaweretransferred.Butwhenthefoodwasincontactwithtileorwood,48%-70%ofbacteriatransferred.

[J]Lastyear,astudyfromAstonUniversityintheUKusednearlyidenticalparameters（参数）toourstudyandfoundsimilarresultstestingcontacttimesofthreeand30secondsonsimilarsurfaces.Theyalsoreportedthat87%ofpeopleaskedeitherwouldeatorhaveeatenfooddroppedonthefloor.

[K]Shouldyoueatfoodfallenonthefloorthen?

Fromafoodsafetystandpoint,youhavemillionsormorebacteriaonasurface,0.1%isstillenoughtomakeyousick.Also,certaintypesofbacteriaareextremelyharmfulandittakesonlyasmallnumbertomakeyousick.Forexample,10bacteriaorlessofanespeciallydeadlystrainofbacteriacancausesevereillnessanddeathinpeoplewithcompromisedimmunesystems.Butthechanceofthesebacteriabeingonmostsurfacesisverylow.

[L]Andit’snotjustdroppingfoodonthefloorthatcanleadtobacterialcontamination.Bacteriaarecarriedbyvarious“media,”whichcanincluderawfood,moistsurfaceswherebacteriahasbeenleft,ourhandsorskinandfromcoughingorsneezing.Hands,foodsandutensilscancarryindividualbacterialcells,coloniesofcellsorcellslivingincommunitiescontainedwithinaprotectivefilmthatprovideprotection.Thesemicroscopiclayersofdepositscontainingbacteriaareknownasbiofilmsandtheyarefoundonmostsurfacesandobjects.Biofilmcommunitiescanharborbacterialongerandareverydifficulttoclean.Bacteriainthesecommunitiesalsohaveanenhancedresistancetosanitizersandantibioticscomparedtobacterialivingontheirown.

[M]Sothenexttimeyouconsidereatingdroppedfood,theoddsareinyourfavorthatyoucaneatthatmorselandnotgetsick.Butintherarechancethathereisamicroorganismthatcanmakeyousickontheexactspotwherethefooddropped,youcanbefairlysurethebugisonthefoodyouareabouttoputinyourmouth.

[N]Researchorcommonsensetellsusthatthebestthingtodoistokeepyourhandsandothersurfacesclean.

36.Aresearchprojectfoundbacteriamadetheirwaytothefoodonthefloorinfiveseconds.

37.Whetherfoodiscontaminateddependsmuchonthenumberofbacteriathatgetontoit.

38.Foodcontaminationmayresultfromvariousfactorsotherthanfooddroppingonthefloor.

39.Malesarelesslikelythanfemalestoeatfoodthatmayhavebeencontaminated.

40.Theauthor’sresearchcenteraroundhowfoodgetscontaminated.

41.Keepingeverythingcleanisthebestwaytostayhealthy.

42.Chancesareyouwillnotfallsickbecauseofeatingfoodpickedupfromthefloor.

43.Foralongtimepeoplehavehadtheexperienceofdecidingwhetherornottoeatfoodpickedupfromthefloor.

44.Somestrainsofbacteriaaresoharmfulthatatinyfewcanhavedeadlyconsequences.

45.Researcherfoundhowmanybacteriagetontothefooddidnothavemuchtodowithhowlongthefoodstayedonacontaminatedfloor.

SectionC

Directions:

Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Thelatestincatresearchrevealsthatthelovelyanimalseemstohaveabasicgrasponboththelawsofphysicsandtheinsandoutsofcauseandeffect.

Accord