高考英语语法难点定语从句考点归纳分析+真题解析.docx
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高考英语语法难点定语从句考点归纳分析+真题解析
高考英语语法难点:
定语从句+真题解析
考点一考查关系代词whose引导的定语从句
1.Aperson________e-mailaccountisfullwon’tbeabletosendorreceiveanye-mails.(天津卷)
A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.whoever
【解析】C。
在所给的四个关系代词中,只有whose能用于名词用作定语,故选C。
又如:
Abooksellerisapersonwhosejobissellingbooks.书商就是其职业是卖书的人。
2.Manychildren,________parentsareawayworkinginbigcities,aretakengoodcareofinthevillage.(安徽卷)
A.theirB.whoseC.ofthemD.withwhom
【解析】B。
their是物主代词,不是关系代词,不能引导定语从句,所以不能选;在其余三个选项中,只有whose能用于名词用作定语,故选B。
句意为:
许多孩子的父母外出到大城市打工去了,他们在家乡被照顾得很好。
3.IwasborninNewOrleans,Louisiana,acity________namewillcreateapictureofbeautifultreesandgreengrassinourmind.(湖南卷)
A.whichB.ofwhichC.thatD.whose
【解析】D。
在所给定的四个关系代词中,只有which和whose能用于名词用作定语,故可排除B和C。
而关系代词which和whose用于名词前作定语的区别是:
which具有that或this的语义特征,而whose则具有one’s的语义特征。
考点二考查关系代词which引导的定语从句
1.They’vewontheirlastthreematches,________Ifindabitsurprising.(辽宁卷)
A.thatB.whenC.whatD.which
【解析】D。
that不用于引导非限制性定语从句,故被排除;when可引导非限制性定语从句,但只用于指时间,与句意不符,故也被排除;而what不是关系代词,不能用于引导定语从句,故也被排除;which在此引导非限制性定语从句,并在定语从句中充当动词find的宾语。
句意为:
他们赢了最后三场比赛,我发现这有点令人吃惊。
2.Myfriendshowedmeroundthetown,________wasverykindofhim.(全国Ⅱ)
A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it
【解析】A。
由于两个句子之间没有并列连词,所以不能选B或D;而where是关系副词,不能用作主语;which在此引导非限制性定语从句,并在从句中用作主语。
又如:
Peterdrovetoofast,whichwasdangerous.彼得开车很快,这是很危险的。
3.WheneverImether,________wasfairlyoften,shegreetedmewithasweetsmile.(山东卷)
A.whoB.whichC.whenD.that
【解析】B。
that不能用于引导非限制性定语从句,故可排除;when是关系副词,不用作主语,故也可排除;who用于指人,但这里的定语从句不是修饰her,而是修饰wheneverImether,故不能用who,此处应用which。
又如:
Hesaidthathehadneverseenherbefore,whichwasnottrue.他说他从没见到过她,这是不真实的。
考点三查关系副词where引导的定语从句
1.Mozart’sbirthplaceandthehouse________hecomposed“TheMagicFlute”arebothmuseumsnow.(上海卷)
A.whereB.whenC.thereD.which
【解析】A。
由于定语从句hecomposed“TheMagicFlute”的主语和宾语是完整的,所以不能选D;when指时间,不用于修饰表地点的先行词thehouse,故也不能选;而there不是关系词,不能引导定语从句。
2.It’shelpfultoputchildreninasituation________theycanseethemselvesdifferently.(福建卷)
A.thatB.whenC.whichD.where
【解析】D。
由于定语从句theycanseethemselvesdifferently的主语和宾语是完整的,所以不能选A和C;when指时间,不用于修饰表地点的先行词asituation,故也不能选。
3.Lifeislikealongrace________wecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.(重庆卷)
A.whyB.whatC.thatD.where
【解析】D。
由于定语从句wecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves的句子结构是完整的,不缺主语或宾语,所以不能选C;why引导定语从句,其先行词只能是thereason,而不用于其他场合,故不能选;what不是关系词,不能用于引导定语从句,故也可排除;where在此引导定语从句,修饰名词race,相当于inwhich。
句意为:
人生就像一场长途赛跑,在赛跑中我们为了超越自我而与别人竞争。
4.Ihavereachedapointinmylife________Iamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.(浙江卷)
A.whichB.whereC.howD.why
【解析】B。
定语从句修饰的先行词是apoint,不是mylife。
point在此相当于一个抽象的地点,所以要用关系副词where来引导定语从句。
又如:
Wehavereachedapointwhereachangeisneeded.我们到了必须改一改的地步。
Shehadgottothepointwhereshefeltthatshecouldnottakeanymore.她到了她觉得自己再也不能忍受的地步。
5.—Whatdoyouthinkofteaching,Bob?
—Ifinditfunandchallenging.Itisajob________youaredoingsomethingseriousbutinteresting.(北京卷)
A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that
【解析】A。
由于定语从句youaredoingsomethingseriousbutinteresting是一个结构完整的句子,不缺主语或宾语,所以不能选关系代词which或that,故可排除B和D;而关系副词when只用于修饰表示时间的名词,故也可排除;where在此相当于inwhich,引导定语从句,并在定语从句中用作地点状语。
又如:
Idon’twantajobwhereI’mchainedtoadeskforeighthoursaday.我不想要一份一天8小时都得守在办公桌前的工作。
考点四查关系副词when引导的定语从句
1.She’llneverforgetherstaythere,________shefoundhersonwhohadgonemissingtwoyearsbefore.(四川卷)
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when
【解析】D。
that不用于引导非限制性定语从句,故被排除;which引导定语从句必须在定语从句中充当主语或宾语,与本题的句子结构不符,故也被排除;where引导定语从句时,其前先行词只能是表示地点的名词,而本题的先行词herstaythere(她待在那儿期间)不是表地点,而是表时间,故C也可排除;关系副词when在此引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词herstay。
句意为:
她永远不会忘记她待在那儿的那段时间,在此其间她找到了她两年前失踪的孩子。
2.Becauseofthefinancialcrisis,daysaregone________local5-starhotelscharged6,000yuanforonenight.(江苏卷)
A.ifB.whenC.whichD.since
【解析】B。
when在此用于引导定语从句,修饰名词days。
此题的难点是先行词days与关系副词when之间被aregone,容易误解句子结构。
句意为:
由于金融危机,当地五星级宾馆每晚收费6,000元的日子已经过去了。
考点五考查“介词+关系代词”结构
1.Guncontrolisasubject________Americanshavearguedforalongtime.(陕西卷)
A.ofwhichB.withwhichC.aboutwhichD.intowhich
【解析】C。
当一个定语从句由“介词+which”引导时,其中介词的确定方法就是要找到与之构成搭配的动词、名词、形容词等。
在本题中,根据句意,句子所涉及的搭配是argueaboutasubject(争论某个话题),所以答案只能选C。
又如:
IcalledhimbythewrongnameforwhichmistakeIapologize.我叫错了他的名字,为了这个错误我愿道歉。
2.Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneof________Ihadevermetbefore.(全国I)
A.themB.whoC.whomD.these
【解析】C。
由于两个句子之间没有并列连词,所以不能选A或D;又因为是用于介词of之后作宾语,所以要用宾格whom,不用who。
句意为:
她带来了三个朋友,我以前一个也没有见过。
考点六定语从句考查新角度
ThehouseIgrewup________hasbeentakendownandreplacedbyanofficebuilding.(江西卷)
A.initB.inC.inthatD.inwhich
【解析】B。
这道题的本质是考查定语从句的用法,但其命题的角度比较特别,它既不考查先行词,也不考查关系代词或关系副词,而是结合介词的搭配考查关系代词的省略。
句中定语从句Igrewup用于修饰名词thehouse,由于其前没有“引导词”,所以可认为被省略了。
而根据英语语法,可以省略的定语从句“引导词”只可能是用作宾语的关系代词that或which,这样一来,就必须要求空格处填一个能带宾语的词,显然只有介词in。
定语从句语法填空专项50题
1.Abankistheplace________theylendyouanumbrellainfairweatherandaskforitbackwhenitbeginstorain.
2.Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhouses________arebuiltclosetoeachother.
3.Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriends,________weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.
4.MarywasmuchkindertoJackthanshewastotheothers,________,ofcourse,madealltheothersupset.
5.Thedaysaregone________physicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.
6.Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudents________allowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother.
7.Whateverisleftovermaybeputintotherefrigerator,________itwillkeepfortwoorthreeweeks.
8.Theschoolshop,________customersaremainlystudents,isclosedfortheholidays.
9.Betweenthetwopartsoftheconcertisaninterval,________theaudiencecanbuyice-cream.
10.You’llfindtaxiswaitingatthebusstation________youcanhiretoreachyourhostfamily.
11.Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures,eachof________usesitsomewhatdifferently.
12.JuliawasgoodatGerman,FrenchandRussian,allof________shespokefluently.
13.Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstruction________hadtakenmorethanthreeyears.
14.Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people,manyof________lefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.
15.Aftergraduatingfromcollege,Itooksometimeofftogotravelling,_______turnedouttobeawisedecision.
16.Thenewlybuiltcafé,thewallsof_______arepaintedlightgreen,isreallyapeacefulplaceforus,especiallyafterhardwork.
17.That’sthenewmachine________partsaretoosmalltobeseen.
18.Theoldtemple________roofwasdamagedinastormisnowunderrepair.
19.They’vewontheirlastthreematches,________Ifindabitsurprising.
20.I'vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool________ImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.
21.Childrenwhoarenotactiveor_______dietishighin
fatwillgainweightquickly.
22.Inchina,thenumberofcitiesisincreasing________developmentisrecognizedacrosstheworld
23.Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergy________wemayreturninthenearfuture.
24.StephenHawkingbelievesthattheearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanet________lifehasdevelopedgradually.
25.Thegirlarrangedtohavepianolessonsatthetrainingcentrewithhersister________shewouldstayforanhour.
26.WeweregratefultoMr.Marks,in________carwehadtravelledhomeontherainynight.
27.Accordingtotheauthor,those________enjoyreadingwillneverfeellonely.
28.Wereallyappreciateourlearningenvironment,________wecanhaveopenandfriendlycommunication.
29.Igotthekidstocleanthehousethismorning,________madeagreatbreakforme.
30.Mobikeisapopularservice________bringsconveniencetoourlife.
31.Hewrotealetter________heexplainedwhathadhappenedintheaccident.
32.Thenumberofvariouseducationalprograms,________importantroleshavebeenrealizedbymoreandmorepeople,hasarapidgrowththeseyears.
33.Peoplelivinginhomes________TVisalwaysleftonoftenspendlesstimereading.
34.Wearelivinginanage________QRcodes(二维码)arebecomingmoreandmorepopularinourdailylife.
35.IgavesomemoneytoJohn,________housewasdestroyedintheflood.
36.Thetotalnumberofsharedbikes,________areeasytorentthroughsmartphoneapps,isincreasingrapidly.
37.Thestore________Iboughtmytextbooksishavingasalethisweek.
38.Thedaysaregone________physicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.
39.Wehavealearningcenter________kidsdoindependentandself-directedlearningactivities.
40.Theroadconditionsthereturnedouttobeverygood,________wasmorethanwecouldexpect.
41.Asachild,Jackstudiedinavillageschool,________isnamedafterhisgrandfather.
42.Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething________wassomeoneelse’sfault.
43.The prize will go to the writer________story shows the most imagination.
44.TedcamefortheweekendwearingonlysomeshortsandaT-shirt,________isastupidthingtodoinsuchweather.
45.WhenIarrived,Bryantookmetoseethehouse________Iwouldbestaying.
46.Findingatime________suitseveryoneisgoingtobedifficult.
47.Atthefootofthemountainisawell-preservedvillage________youcanexperiencethetraditionallifestyle.
48.ScottwasamazedbytheGreatWall,________hedescribedasthegreatestattractioninBeijing.
49.Theywillrunanafter-classclub________kidscanhavefunandlearnhowtoprotectthemselves.
50.Someirresponsiblewebsitesallowedrestaurantstop