胡壮麟《语言学教程》修订版测试题112章含答案.docx

胡壮麟《语言学教程》修订版测试题112章含答案.docx

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胡壮麟《语言学教程》修订版测试题112章含答案

胡壮麟《语言学教程》（修订版）测试题（1-12章，含答案）

胡壮麟《语言学教程》（修订版）测试题Chapter1IntroductionstoLinguisticsI.Choosethebestanswer.（20%）

1.Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhuman__________

A.contactB.communicationC.relationD.community2.Whichofthefollowingwordsisentirelyarbitrary?

A.treeB.typewriterC.crashD.bang

3.ThefunctionofthesentenceDWaterboilsat100degreesCentigrade.‖is__________.

A.interrogativeB.directiveC.informativeD.performative

4.InChinesewhensomeonebreaksabowloraplatethehostorthepeoplepresentarelikelytosayD碎碎（岁岁）平安‖asameansofcontrollingtheforceswhichtheybelievesfeelmightaffecttheirlives.Whichfunctionsdoesitperform?

A.InterpersonalB.EmotiveC.PerformativeD.Recreational

5.Whichofthefollowingpropertyoflanguageenableslanguageuserstoovercomethebarrierscausedbytimeandplace,duetothisfeatureoflanguage,speakersofalanguagearefreetotalkaboutanythinginanysituation?

A.TransferabilityB.DualityC.DisplacementD.Arbitrariness

6.Studythefollowingdialogue.Whatfunctiondoesitplayaccordingtothefunctionsoflanguage?

―Aniceday,isn’tit?

―Right!

Ireallyenjoythesunlight.

A.EmotiveB.PhaticC.PerformativeD.Interpersonal

7.__________referstotheactualrealizationoftheideallanguageuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageinutterances.A.PerformanceB.CompetenceC.LangueD.Parole

8.Whenadogisbarking,youassumeitisbarkingforsomethingoratsomeonethatexistshearandnow.Itcouldn’tbesorrowfulforsomelostloveorlostbone.Thisindicatesthedesignfeatureof__________.A.culturaltransmissionB.productivityC.displacementD.duality

9.__________answerssuchquestionsashowweasinfantsacquireourfirstlanguage.A.PsycholinguisticsB.AnthropologicallinguisticsC.SociolinguisticsD.Appliedlinguistics

10.__________dealswithlanguageapplicationtootherfields,particularlyeducation.A.LinguistictheoryB.PracticallinguisticsC.AppliedlinguisticsD.Comparativelinguistics

II.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.（10%）

11.Languageisameansofverbalcommunication.Therefore,thecommunicationwayusedbythedeaf-muteisnotlanguage.12.Languagechangeisuniversal,ongoingandarbitrary.

13.Speakingisthequickestandmostefficientwayofthehumancommunicationsystems.14.Languageiswrittenbecausewritingistheprimarymediumforalllanguages.

15.Wewereallbornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguage,whichmeansthedetailsofanylanguagesystemcanbegeneticallytransmitted.16.Onlyhumanbeingsareabletocommunicate.

17.F.deSaussure,whomadethedistinctionbetweenlangueandparoleintheearly20thcentury,wasaFrenchlinguist.18.AstudyofthefeaturesoftheEnglishusedinShakespeare’stimeisanexampleofthediachronicstudyoflanguage.19.Speechandwritingcameintobeingatmuchthesametimeinhumanhistory.

20.Allthelanguagesintheworldtodayhavebothspokenandwrittenforms.

III.Fillintheblanks.（10%）

21.Language,broadlyspeaking,isameansof__________communication.

22.Inanylanguagewordscanbeusedinnewwaystomeannewthingsandcanbecombinedintoinnumerablesentencesbasedonlimitedrules.Thisfeatureisusuallytermed__________.

23.Languagehasmanyfunctions.Wecanuselanguagetotalkaboutitself.Thisfunctionis__________.

24.Theorythatprimitivemanmadeinvoluntaryvocalnoiseswhileperformingheavyworkhasbeencalledthe__________theory.25.Linguisticsisthe__________studyoflanguage.

26.Modernlinguisticsis__________inthesensethatthelinguisttriestodiscoverwhatlanguageisratherthanlaydownsomerulesforpeopletoobserve.

27.Onegeneralprincipleoflinguisticanalysisistheprimacyof__________overwriting.28.Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisa__________study.

29.Saussureputforwardtwoimportantconcepts.__________referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallmembersofaspeechcommunity.

30.LinguisticpotentialissimilartoSaussure’slangueandChomsky’s__________.

IV.Explainthefollowingterms,usingexamples.（20%）

31.Designfeature32.Displacement33.Competence34.Synchroniclinguistics

V.Answerthefollowingquestions.（20%）

35.Whydopeopletakedualityasoneoftheimportantdesignfeaturesofhumanlanguage?

Canyoutelluswhatlanguagewillbeifithasnosuchdesignfeature?

（南开大学，2004）

36.Whyisitdifficulttodefinelanguage?

（北京第二外国语大学，2004）

VI.Analyzethefollowingsituation.（20%）

37.Howcanalinguistmakehisanalysisscientific?

（青岛海洋大学，1999）Key:

[Inthereferencekeys,Iwon’tgiveexamplesorfurtheranalysis.Thatseemstoomuchworkforme.Therefore,thiskeyisonlyforreference.Inordertoanswerthiskindofquestion,youneedmoreexamples.Soyoushouldreadthetextbookcarefully.Cicywarmtea]I.

1~5BACCC6~10BACACII.

11~15FFTFF16~20FFFFF

III.

21.verbal22.productivity/creativity23.metalingualfunction24.yo-he-ho25.scientific26.descriptive27.speech28.diachroniclinguistic29.langue30.competenceIV.

31.Designfeature:

Itreferstothedefiningpropertiesofhumanlanguagethattellthedifferencebetweenhumanlanguageandanysystemofanimalcommunication.

32.Displacement:

Itmeansthathumanlanguagesenabletheiruserstosymbolizeobjects,eventsandconcepts,whicharenotpresent（intimeandspace）atthemomentofcommunication.

33.Competence:

Itisanessentialpartofperformance.Itisthespeaker’sknowledgeofhisorherlanguage;thatis,ofitssoundstructure,itswords,anditsgrammaticalrules.Competenceis,inaway,anencyclopediaoflanguage.Moreover,theknowledgeinvolvedincompetenceisgenerallyunconscious.Atransformational-generativegrammarisamodelofcompetence.

34.Synchroniclinguistics:

Itreferstothestudyofalanguageatagivenpointintime.Thetimestudiedmaybeeitherthepresentoraparticularpointinthepast;synchronicanalysescanalsobemadeofdeadlanguages,suchasLatin.Synchroniclinguisticsiscontrastedwithdiachroniclinguistics,thestudyofalanguageoveraperiodoftime.V.35.

Dualitymakesourlanguageproductive.AlargenumberofdifferentunitscanbeformedoutofasmallnumberofelementsCforinstance,tensofthousandsofwordsoutofasmallsetofsounds,around48inthecaseoftheEnglishlanguage.Andoutofthehugenumberofwords,therecanbeastronomicalnumberofpossiblesentencesandphrases,whichinturncancombinetoformunlimitednumberoftexts.Mostanimalcommunicationsystemsdonothavethisdesignfeatureofhumanlanguage.

Iflanguagehasnosuchdesignfeature,thenitwillbelikeanimalcommunicationalsystemwhichwillbehighlylimited.Itcannotproduceaverylargenumberofsoundcombinations,e.g.words,whicharedistinctinmeaning.36.

Itisdifficulttodefinelanguage,asitissuchageneraltermthatcoverstoomanythings.Thus,definitionsforitallhavetheirownspecialemphasis,andarenottotallyfreefromlimitations.VI.37.

Itshouldbeguidedbythefourprinciplesofscience:

exhaustiveness,consistency,economyandobjectivityandfollowthescientificprocedure:

formhypothesisCcollectdataCcheckagainsttheobservablefactsCcometoaconclusion.

Chapter2SpeechSounds

I.Choosethebestanswer.（20%）

1.Pitchvariationisknownas__________whenitspatternsareimposedonsentences.A.intonationB.toneC.pronunciationD.voice2.Conventionallya__________isputinslashes（//）.

A.allophoneB.phoneC.phonemeD.morpheme

3.Anaspiratedp,anunaspiratedpandanunreleasedpare__________ofthepphoneme.A.analoguesB.tagmemesC.morphemesD.allophones4.Theopeningbetweenthevocalcordsissometimesreferredtoas__________.

A.glottisB.vocalcavityC.pharynxD.uvula

5.Thediphthongsthataremadewithamovementofthetonguetowardsthecenterareknownas__________diphthongs.A.wideB.closingC.narrowD.centering6.Aphonemeisagroupofsimilarsoundscalled__________.A.minimalpairsB.allomorphsC.phonesD.allophones7.Whichbranchofphoneticsconcernstheproductionofspeechsounds?

A.AcousticphoneticsB.ArticulatoryphoneticsC.AuditoryphoneticsD.Noneoftheabove

8.Whichoneisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtoplacesofarticulation?

A.[n]B.[m]C.[b]D.[p]

9.Whichvowelisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtothecharacteristicsofvowels?

A.[i:

]B.[u]C.[e]D.[i]

10.Whatkindofsoundscanwemakewhenthevocalcordsarevibrating?

A.VoicelessB.VoicedC.GlottalstopD.Consonant

II.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.（10%）

11.Suprasegmentalphonologyreferstothestudyofphonologicalpropertiesofunitslargerthanthesegment-phoneme,suchassyllable,wordandsentence.

12.Theairstreamprovidedbythelungshastoundergoanumberofmodificationtoacquirethequalityofaspeechsound.

13.Twosoundsareinfreevariationwhentheyoccurinthesameenvironmentanddonotcontrast,namely,thesubstitutionofonefortheotherdoesnotproduceadifferentword,butmerelyadifferentpronunciation.14.[p]isavoicedbilabialstop.

15.Acousticphoneticsisconcernedwiththeperceptionofspeechsounds.

16.Allsyllablesmusthaveanucleusbutnotallsyllablescontainanonsetandacoda.17.Whenpurevowelsormonophthongsarepronounced,novowelglidestakeplace.

18.Accordingtothelengthortensenessofthepronunciation,vowelscanbedividedintotensevs.laxorlongvs.short.19.Received