高中宾语从句教案及历年真题详解.docx
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高中宾语从句教案及历年真题详解
宾语从句
TheObjectClause
1.Iknowhim.（简单句）
主语谓语宾语
2.Iknowwhoheis.（复杂句）
主语谓语连词从句主语从句谓语
主句从句
3.宾语从句的概念：
宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语
4.句子结构：
主句+连词（引导词）+宾语从句
一、连词（引导词）
1.当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略
vLinTaofeels（that）hisownteamisevenbetter.
vShesays（that）shewon’ttakepartinthesportsmeetingnextSunday.
vJimthought（that）thetrainwaslikeabigmovingparty.
vHesaid（that）hewouldliketoseetheheadmaster.
在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句
vI’msorry（that）Idon’tknow.
vWe’resure（that）ourteamwillwin.
vI’mafraid（that）hewon’tpasstheexam.
2.当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导（口语中常用if），因为if/whether翻译成：
“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略
vLilywantedtoknowif/whetherhergrandmalikedthehandbag.
vLet’sseeif/whetherwecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.
vSheaskedmeif/whethershecouldborrowthesebooks.
3.当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词（what,who,whom,which,whose）或连接副词（when,where,how,why）引导，因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略
vDoyouknowwhathesaidjustnow?
vIdon’trememberwhenwearrived.
vIaskedhimwhereIcouldgetsomuchmoney.
vPleasetellmewho（whom）wehavetosee.
vDoyouknowwhattimetheplaneleaves?
带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句
vCouldyoutellushowmuchitcoststoflytoHainan?
vCouldyoutellushowoftenyougoabroadforaholiday?
Couldyoutellushowlongthemeetingwilllast?
vIdon’tknowhowfaritistothecinema.
vPleasetellushowmanystudentsthereareinyourschool?
vCanyoutellushowoldhisbrotheris?
Pleasetellushowsoonyouwillbeready.
二、时态
1.如果主句是现在的时态（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过
v去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）Iknowheliveshere.
vIknowhelivedheretenyearsago.
vIhaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.
2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）
vIknewwholivedhere.
vIsawshewastalkingwithhermother.
vHeaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow.
vHesaidthathehadseenit.
3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。
vTheteachersaidthatthesuntravelsaroundtheearth.
三、语序
宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：
连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分
1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?
Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.
Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.
2.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?
Idon’tknowwhathewantstobuy.
Idon’tknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy.
3.Whoarewegoingtomeet?
Canyoutellmewhowearegoingtomeet?
Canyoutellmewhoarewegoingtomeet?
4.DoesheknowFrench?
Wewanttoknowif/whetherheknowsFrench.
Wewanttoknowif/whetherdoesheknowFrench.
5.WilltheygotoCanadainsummer?
They’renotsureif/whethertheywillgotoCanadainsummer.
They’renotsureif/whetherwilltheygotoCanadainsummer.
1.DidthestudentshaveapicniclastSunday?
Doyouknow?
Doyouknowif/whetherthestudentshadapicniclastSunday?
2.Mr.SmithhavebeeninChinaforaboutthreeyears.JimtoldLinTao.
JimtoldLinTao（that）Mr.SmithhadbeeninChinaforaboutthreeyears.
3.WhichbookshouldIreadfirst?
Pleasetellme.
PleasetellmewhichbookIshouldreadfirst.
4.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Ourteachertoldusinyesterday’sclass.
Ourteachertoldus（that）lighttravelsfasterthansoundinyesterday’sclass.
注意事项
1．could/would是委婉语气，而不是过去式，因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。
vCouldyoupleasetellmewhereweshowourtickets?
vCouldyoutelluswhichgatewehavetogoto?
vWouldyouliketoknowwhenhewillcomeback?
2.如果主句的谓语动词是ask时，连词不可能是that；如果主句的谓语动词是say时，连词用that
vShesays（that）shewillleaveamessageon
hisdesk.
vHesaid（that）hewasgoingtotakecareof
thechild.
vHeasksifIlikeplayingthepiano.
vYoumayaskthemanovertherehowyoucangettothebusstation.
3.如果从句中含有or或ornot时，只能用whether而不用if
vCouldyoutellmewhetherthat’safasttrainornot?
vDoyouknowwhetherheisrightornot?
vIdon’tcarewhetherhe’llstayhereornot.
4.连词if和when在不同从句中的区别：
Doyouknowif______backnextweek?
Ifhe______back,pleaseletmeknow.
A.hecomes,willcomeB.willhecome,comes
C.hewillcome,comesD.hewillcome,willcome
主句
从句
一般将来时
一般现在时
祈使句
含有情态动词
1.Idon’tknowwhenhe_________（come）.
2.Ican’twaithereanymore.Whenhe_______（come）,
3.Wouldyoupleaseaskhim（call）me?
5.连词+宾语从句连词+todo
vIdon’tknowwhatIshalldonext.
vIdon’tknowwhattodonext.
vShedidn’tdecidewhichoneshewouldchoose.
vShedidn’tdecidewhichonetochoose.
vPleasetellmewhomyou’llgivetheletterto.
vPleasetellmewhomtogivetheletterto.
一.选择。
1. Theyoungmanasked_____it'ssummerorwinter.
A.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whether
2. Wedon'tknow______theydidit.
A.howB.whoC.whatD.which
3.Theteacherasksus____Jimcancomebackontime.
A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime
4.Doesanybodyknow______wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.
A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.that
5.Iwonder_______heiscryingnow.
A.thatB.whyC.howD.when
6.Haveyoufoundout______wecandoonHainanIsland?
A.whatB.howC.ifD.whether
7.Lilysaid_______shehadfinishedhercomposition.
A.ifB.thatC.whenD.where
8.Idon’tknow______hestillliveshere.
A.whereB.whatC.whenD.whether
9.Couldyoushowme________?
A.howcanIgettothestation
B.whereisthestation
C.howIcouldgettothestation
D.howIcanreachthestation
10.Pleasetellme_______.
A.whatdoeshelikeB.whathedoeslike
C.whathelikesD.whathelike
11.Mysistertoldhim________.
A.whatdaywasitB.whenthetrainarrived
C.whoshewaswaitingD.wheredidyoulive
12.Couldyoutellmewherewe_______nextweek.
A.wouldgoB.togo
C.hadtogoD.willgo
13.Couldyoutellmehowmuch________toflytoHainan?
A.doitcostB.doesitcost
C.itcostD.itcosts
14.Thesmallchildrendon'tknow______.
A.whatistheirstockingsin
B.whatisintheirstockings
C.whereistheirstockingsin
D.whatintheirstockings
.15.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_______.
A.whoisheB.whoheis
C.whoisitD.whoitis
16.Couldyoutellmehowlong__________?
A.youhaveboughtthewatch
B.youhavekeptthissciencebook
C.haveyoubeenawayfromChina
D.haveyoubeenamemberofGreenerChina
17Hesaysthatifit_______tomorrow,he_______fishing.
A.willrain,won'tgoB.rained,wasn'tgo
C.rains,won'tgoD.rain,willgo
二、正确形式填空。
1.Couldyoutellmeifthey_____________（work）inthefactorysofar.
2.Didyourparentstellyouthatthesun_______（rise）ineast?
3.-----What______he_____（say）justnow?
I____________（notcanhear）him.
-----He_______（say）thathe________（plant）treeswithhisparentsyesterday.
4.Canyoutellmewhen________（leave）tomorrow?
5.Didhesaythattheirparents__________
（come）heretomorrow.
6.Hetoldmetwoweeks_______（be）enough.
7.Theteachertoldusthatthesun______（be）biggerthanthemoon.
8.IthinkI_______________（tell）youwhat_______（do）next.Don'tjuststayhere!
9.A:
Whatareyoustandingherefor?
B:
I’mwaitingheretoaskMr.Johnsonifhe________（give）usatalkonAmericanhistory.Ifhe_______（have）notime,I’llaskMr.Smithinstead.
10.A:
DoyouknowwhenMr.Green________（come）toseeusnextmonth?
B:
Don'tworry.I_______（tell）youwhenhereally_______（come）here.
Key:
1-8DABCDABD
DCBDDBDBC
1.haveworked
2.rises
3.didsay.couldn’thearsaidplanted
4.toleave
5.wouldcome
6.was
7..is
8.willtell/havetold
9.willgivehas
10.willcomewilltellcomes
例1 Acomputercanonlydo _____youhaveinstructedittodo.
A.how B.after C.what D.when
例2 Marywroteanarticleon_____theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.
A.why B.what C.who D.that
例3 Theshopkeeperdidnotwanttosellfor________hethoughtwasnotenough.
A.where B.how C.what D.which
例4 Thewayhediditwasdifferent________wewereusedto.
A.inwhich B.inwhat C.fromwhat D.fromwhich
例5 Hespokeproudlyofhispartinthegame,withoutmentioning_____histeammateshaddone.
A.what B.which C.why D.while
二、语序
以从属连词（if，whether）、连接代词（what，which，who，whose）和连接副词（when，where，how，why）等引导的宾语从句用陈述句语序。
例6 Noonecanbesure______inamillionyears.
A.whatmanwilllooklikeB.whatwillmanlooklike
C.manwilllooklikewhatD.whatlookwillmanlike
例7 Thebosswentuptoask_____.
A.whatthematterwas B.what’sthematterC.whatwasthematter D.whatthematteris
三、时态
宾语从句的时态要和主句相呼应:
1.如果主句谓语动词是现在时或将来时，从句谓语动词时态可不受约束；
2.如果主句谓语动词是过去时，从句谓语动词的时态须与之呼应；
Eg.Ithoughthehadgonetotowntoday.
3.当从句叙述的是客观真理时，其谓语动词仍用现在时态。
如：
Eg.Galileoinsistedthattheearthmovesroundthesun.
例8 Themanagerenteredtheofficeandwashappytolearnfourfifthsofthetickets________.
A.wasbookedB.hadbeenbookedC.werebookedD.havebeenbooked
例9 Wewereallsurprisedwhenhemadeitclearthathe_____officesoon.
A.leavesB.wouldleave C.hadleftD.hadbeenaway
例10 —Doyouworkinthelabeveryafternoon?
—No,butsometimesIwishI_________.
A.havetimeB.hadtimetodoC.havetimetoD.hadtimeto
四、宾语从句的减缩式
宾语从句有时可减缩为“疑问词+不定式”的形式。
例11 I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat________inmynewjob.
A.expected B.toexpect C.tobeexpecting D.expects
例12 Itiss
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