简短回答.docx

简短回答.docx

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简短回答

第三章简短回答

“简短回答题”安排在“阅读理解”部分之后。

每次考试为一篇文章，文章后有5个问题或不完整的句子。

要求考生在阅读文章之后用简短的英语（可以是句子，也可以是单词或短语）回答所提的问题或补充不完整的句子，考试时间为15分钟。

主要考核考生对英语书面材料的理解能力。

要考好“简短回答题”，考生应按以下步骤进行。

第一，阅读并记住短文后的5个问题。

第二，带着问题去通读全文。

在阅读过程中，一方面要充分利用所掌握的词汇知识、语法知识和社会语言知识，另一方面还必须利用边读边预测，边猜想、边推断、边演绎、边归纳等各种技巧，努力弄懂短文的字面意思，同时还要用背景知识、经验、逻辑和短文中的线索去分析和推断字里行间所隐藏的意思和作者的意图。

在阅读过程中很可能遇到一些不认识的单词，这属正常现象，切莫惊慌失措，而应根据上下文和构词法去猜想词义。

即使对文中个别词汇既不认识又猜不出词义，也不会影响考生对短文的整体理解。

第三，答题。

试卷上的问题通常有两大类：

篇章题和细节题。

常见的篇章题有：

Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

Whatisthesuitabletitleforthispassage?

Anappropriatetitleofthepassagewouldbe______.

Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

Thispassagesuggeststhat______.

Fromthispassage,wecanlearn______.

Theattitudeoftheauthoris______.

Wecaninferfromthepassagethat______.

Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

Whatconclusiondoesthewriterdraw?

这些关于整篇文章的问题较难回答，因为我们在阅读短文时全神贯注在理解词句的意思，虽然每个句子的意思明白了。

但整篇文章是什么意思却不太清楚，即所谓“只见树木不见森林”。

这类问题难回答还在于短文中没有现成的答案，我们必须经过一番分析、总结、推理、判断才能正确作答。

遇到这类问题时，如有把握可即刻作答，如无把握，可再略读（skimming）一遍，抓住主题或作者意图。

对细节题：

即就短文中的某一具体细节提出的问题.最好再查阅一下所问细节处的上下文以提高问题的准确度。

答题时可用句子，也可用单词或短语，尽量做到简单、准确。

值得一提的是：

一个问题的答案不止一个，答题时应比较一下,选择那些既准确又能体现我们英语水平的答案作答。

第四，检查。

答题后如果还有时间，应检查一遍以检查篇章题和细节题的答案是否准确；检查5个答案以纠正拼写、大小写等错误。

一、简短回答题

Directions:

Inthispart,thereisashortpassagewithfivequestionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Passage1

Toaneconomist,productionisthecreationofeithergoodsorservices.Threemaintypesofproductioncanbedistinguishedprimary,secondary,andtertiary.Primaryproductionistheproductionofgoodsmadeavailablebynature.Treesarenaturalresource;awoodcutter,orlumberjack,andasawmillworkerareexamplesofoccupationsthatareclassifiedasprimaryproduction.

Secondaryproductionistheproductionofgoodswhicharemadefromthenaturalproductsorprimaryproduction.Abuilder,forexampleusesthewoodcutbythelumberjackandsawedbythesawmillworker,therefore,isclassifiedassecondaryproduction.

Tertiaryproductionistheproductionofservices.Theseservicesareoftwotypes:

personalandcommercial.Personalservicessatisfypeople’sneedsbygivingpersonalattentionsuchasthatbydoctors,policeofficers,teachers,andentertainers.Commercialservices,ontheotherhand,arenotdirectlypersonalbutformpartofanorganization.Examplesofsuchservicesarebankerstransportdrivers,andwholesalers.

Questions:

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.Tertiaryproductionprovideseitherservice.

3.Amanufacturer,personthatproducesgoodsonalargescale,isclassifiedas

.

4.Howdoeconomistsdefineproductions?

5.Whatistherelationshipbetweenprimaryproductionandsecondaryproduction?

Passage2

Inthestockmarketapersoncanbesuccessfulandmakeafortuneoneyearandanotheryearbefinanciallyruined.Stocksandbondsareboughtandsoldinthestockandbondmarkets.Bondsoftenpayalowerrateofinterestthanstocks.Inaddition,bondsoffergreatersafetyforthebuyer.Thisisbecausecompaniesmustguaranteetopaybondholdersafixedrateofinterestwhethertheymakeaprofitornot.Bondsare,therefore,generallyconsideredaformoflong-termsecurity.Thismeansthattheyareasafeinvestmentoveralongperiodoftime.However,theymaynotberedeemablerightaway.Inotherwords,ownersofbondsmayhavetowaitalongtimebeforetheycanexchangetheirbondsformoney.

Theinterestpaidbystocksrisesandfallswiththeeconomy.Duringtimeswhenthecostoflivingisrapidlybecominggreaterstocksareusuallyabetterinvestmentthanbonds.Thisisbecausetheypayamuchhigherinterestratethandobondsundertheseconditions.Wheneconomicconditionsarenotgood,however,bondsaregenerallyabetterinvestment.Thisisbecausetheinterestpaidbybondsisfixedatacertainratewhentheyareissuedanddoesnotchange.Becauseoftherelationshipbetweentheeconomyandtheperformanceofstocksandbonds,whenpeoplearenotsureabouteconomicconditions,theymayhesitatebeforebuyinganything.Theyprefertowaitandseewhathappenstothepricesandratesofinterestofstocksandbondsbeforeinvestingtheirmoney.

Questions:

1.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

2.Bondholdersfeelsafebecausethey___________________________________

3.Somepeopleprefersstockstobondsbecauseofits

4.Whendopeoplehesitatebeforebuyingstocksorbonds?

5.Whatarethemaincharacteristicsofstockmarket?

Passage3

Themaincharacteristicoftraditionalwaterusesystemsisthattheyaremultisources.Often,alternativesourcesofwaterarenecessarybecauseonesourceisnotadequateforalltheneedsofthecommunity.Inaddition,theriskoffailureinthequalityorquantityofwaterisreducedbythepresenceofalternativesources.Finally,theuseofmorethanonesourcereflectsthedifferentvalueswhichareplaceduponthequality,quantity,andconvenienceoflocationforthevariouspurposesitserves.

Forexample,contrastthewaterusesystemsinMexicoandIran.InaremotevalleyinMexico,drinkingwaterisprovidedbywells3to10metersdeeplocatedwithinthevillage.Waterfromthesewellsisalsousedforritualbathing,suchasthatofamotherafterthebirthofachild.However,astreamseveralkilometersawayisusedforordinarybathingandforwashingclothes.Theweeklywashingofclothesisasocialactivity.Thewomenofthecommunitygotoaspecificplacetowashclothesandtalktotheirfriends.

InKuzistan,aruralareainIran,waterfromacanalisusedforwashingpotsandclothes.Aspecialbathhouselocatedonastreamoutsidethevillageisusedforbathing.Drinkingwaterisprovidedbyaspringabout50kilometersaway.Thewaterisbroughtbytruckacrossthedesertandisboughtbythegallon.Wheneveritrains,theroadisunusable,sodrinkingwaterisobtainedfromnaturalrainwaterpuddlesoutsidethevillage.

Questions:

1.Whydopeopleusemultisourcesofwaterintheireverydaylife?

2.Theuseofdifferentsourcesrevealspeople’s___________________________

onwater.

3.Thispassagediscussestraditionalwaterusesystemsin___________________

4.WhydopeopleinKuzistandrinknaturalrainwateronrainydays?

5.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatgoodqualitywaterresourceintheseregionsis

Passage4

Agreatdealofenergyhasbeenspentintryingtofigureouthowtomakenursinghomes（具有照顾老人或病人设备的私立疗养所）moreefficient,economicandresponsivetoagingAmericans’health-careneeds.Itisnowtimeforaninfusionofimaginationandnewideastoprovideadequate,compassionatemedicalservicestotheelderlyatapricewecanafford.Iammoreconvincedthaneverthattheanswertosuchessentialservicesliesinaneffectivehomehealth-careprogram.

OveraperiodoftimetheGovernmentunwittinglyhasadoptedcostly,counterproductiveinstitutionalbiastowardelderlycitizenswhoneedhealthcare.Wethinkofhomehealthcareforetheagingasanalternativetoinstitutionalization（使住院）.That’satragedy—atragedythatgoesagainsttraditionalAmericanvaluesofindependenceandpersonaldignity.

Afterseveralhearingsonhomehealthcare,theHouseSelectCommitteeonAgingconcluded:

“Itonlystandstoreasonthatinthenaturalorderofthingsitshouldbejustthereverse.Institutionalizationshouldbeanalternativetohomehealthcare.”

Therewillalwaysbedisabledpeoplewhorequirefull-timeinstitutionalizationinnursinghomes.Butthosewhoareabletoremainintheirhomesshouldbegiventherighttomakethatchoice.

Questions:

1.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

2.Americanpeoplevaluehighlyof

3.Thewriterthinksthat______________shouldbeanalternativetoinstitutionalization.

4.Thewriterfeelsthattheelderlyshouldhave_____________toreceivehealthcareathome.

5.Whatdoesthewriterthinkoftheexistinghealthcareprogram?

Passage5

ThetomatoesAmericansfindintheirsupermarketseverywinterfrequentlytastelikepasteboard.

ThisisbecauseFloridatomatoesarepickedwhengreenandgassedtomakethemlookripe.

That’sashame,consideringthatMexicoproducesbeautifulvineripenedtomatoeswinterlongandwouldlovetoshipthemnorthinfargreaterquantitiesthanwepermit.Unfortunately,wetreattheMexicantomatolikeanillegalalien,withregulationsandrestrictionsintendedtomakeitastoughaspossibleforthetomatotocrosstheborderandfinditswaytoUnitedStatestables.

Cubausedtosupplythebulkofourwintertomatoes.ButwhenFidelCastrodeclaredhimselfaMarxist-Leninist,werespondedwithanembargo（禁运）ontrade,includingtomatoes.

Floridathendecidedtogetintothebusinessinabigway.

Insteadofbeingpickedfrequently,astheyripen.Floridatomatoesaremass-harvestedonlythreetimesayear,tosavelabor.Becausemanyofthetomatoesaregreenandunripe,theyareplacedinmethylene（次甲基）gaschambersfor24to36hoursuntiltheyturnred,oratleastpink.Suchprematurepickingrobsthetomatoofitstasteandmuchofitsnutritionalvalue.Inastudyoftomatomaturity,ProfessorsC.B.HallandE.D.Gull,bothoftheUniversityofFlorida,foundthatasmuchas78percentofFloridagassed-greentomatoeswereimmature.

Mexicantomatoes,bycontrast,areharvestedeverydayduringtheseason,astheyripen.

TheFloridagrowers’organization—theFloridaTomatoCommittee–naturallytriestokeepMexicantomatoesoutoftheUnitedStates.

Questions:

1.TheauthorofthispassagethinksthatFloridatomatoesare_________________.

2.WhyMexicantomatoestastebetterthanFlorid