深度阅读题带部分翻译附答案.docx

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深度阅读题带部分翻译附答案.docx

深度阅读题带部分翻译附答案

Paper--MorethanMeetstheEye(纸——超越视觉)

  A)Wearesurroundedbysomuchpaperandcardthatitiseasytoforgetjusthowcomplexitis(我们周围有那么多的纸和卡片,很容易忘记它是多么复杂).Therearemanyvarietiesandgradesofpapermaterials(有很多品种和等级的纸张材料),andwhilst(同时;时时,有时)itisfairly( 相当地;公平地;简直)easytospotthevarieties,itisfarmoredifficultto(它…..是困难得多)spotthegrades(虽然它是相当容易的发现品种,更很难发现等级).

  B)Itneedstobeunderstoodthatmostpaperandcardismanufacturedforaspecificpurpose,sothatwhilstthecorn-flake(玉米片)packetmaylooksmart,itisclearlynotsomethingdestinedfor(发给;注定会)thearchives( ['a:

kaivz] c:

\iknow\docshare\data\AppData\Local\Yodao\DeskDict\frame\20131125211454\index.html-# 档案).Itismadetolookgood,butonlyneedsalimitedlifespan( 跨度;范围).Itisalsomuchcheapertomanufacture(产品:

;制造)thanhighgradecard.

  C)Papercanbemadefromanalmostendlessvarietyofcellulose-based(基于纤维素)materialwhichwillincludemanywoods,cottonsandgrassesorwhichpapyrus( [pə'paɪrəs]n.纸莎草;纸莎草纸)isanexampleandfromwherewegettheword"paper".Manyoftheseareveryspecialized,butthepreponderance(n.优势;多数;占优势)ofpapermakinghasbeenfromsoftwoodandcottonorrags( 破布;抹布),withthebulk(大部分)beingwood-based(木质的).

PaperfromWood

∙  D)Inordertomakewoodintopaperitneedstobebrokendownintofinestrands(细线).Firstlybypowerfulmachinery(n.机械;机器)andthenboiledwithstrongalkalies(n.碱金属,碱性液)suchascausticsoda(氢氧化钠),untilafinepulp( 纸浆;果肉)ofcellulosefibers(纤维素纤维)isproduced.Itisfromthispulpthatthefinalproductismade,relyingonthebonding(粘合)togetherofthecellulose(n.纤维素)intolayers(层,层次;膜).That,inaverysmallnutshell(坚果的外壳;小的东西,小容器),istheessence(n.本质,实质;精华)ofpapermakingfromwood.However,therealityisrathermorecomplicated.Inordertogiveusourwhitepaperandcard,themakerswilladdbleach(n.漂白剂)andothermaterialssuchaschinaclay(陶土,瓷土)andadditionalchemicals.

  E)Afurtherproblemwithwoodisthatitcontainsamaterialthatisnotcellulose.Somethingcalledlignin(木质素).Thisisessential(基本的;必要的;本质的)forthetreesinceitholdsthecellulosefibrestogether,butifitisincorporated(合并;包含)intothemanufacturedpaperitpresentsarchivistswithaproblem(它提出了档案的问题).Lignineventuallybreaksdown(分解;发生故障;失败)andreleasesacidproductsintothepaper.Thiswillweakenthebondbetweenthecellulosefibersandthepaperwillbecomebrittle(易碎的,脆弱的;易生气的)andlookratherbrown(棕色的)andcareworn(忧心忡忡的;饱经忧患的;疲倦的).Wehaveallseenthisinoldnewspapersandcheappaperbackbooks.Ithasbeenestimatedthat(据估计)mostpaperbackbookswillhavealifeofnotgreaterthanfiftyyears.Notwhat(而不是…什么)weneedforourarchives.

  F)Sincethelignincanberemovedfromthepaperpulpduringmanufacture,theobviousquestionis"whyisitleftinthepaper?

"Theanswerliesinthefactthatligninmakesupaconsiderable( 相当大的;重要的,值得考虑的)partofthetree.Byleavingthelignininthepulpapapermakercanincreasehispaperyield(产量;收益)fromatreetosome95%.Removingitmeansayieldofonly35%.Itisclearlyuneconomictoremovetheligninformanypaperandcardapplications(卡应用).

G)Italsomeans,ofcourse,thatlignin-freepaperisgoingtobemoreexpensive,butthatisnevertheless(conj.然而,不过)whatthearchivistmustlookforinhissupplies.Thereisnopointwhatsoever( 无论什么)incarefullyplacingourvaluableartifactsinpaperorcardthatisgoingtohasten( 加速;催促)theirdemise(加速自己的灭亡).Acidisparticularlyharmfultophotographic(摄影的)materials,causingthemtofadeandissomecasessimplyvanish(使不见,使消失)!

  H)So,howdowetellapieceofsuitablepaperorcardfromonethatisunsuitable?

Youcannotdoitbysimplylooking,andratherdisappointingly(而令人失望的是),youcannotalwaysrelyonthelabel(标签;商标)."Acid-free"mightbetrueinasmuch(adv.因…的原因)asatestonthepapermayindicatethatitisaneutralmaterial(中性的材料)atthistime.Butlignincantakeyearsbeforeitstartstheinevitableprocessofbreakingdown(不可避免的分解的过程),andintherightconditions(正确的条件)itwillspeedupenormously(巨大地,庞大地;非常地).

  I)Addedtothis,asIhaveindicatedearlier(我之前已经表示),papermayalsocontainothermaterialsadded(补充)duringmanufacturesuchasbleach(漂白剂),chinaclay,chemicalwhiteners(增白剂;漂白剂)andsize(化学美白产品和规模).Thislookslikeableak(黯淡的,无希望的)picture,anditwouldbebutforthefactthattherearesupplierswhowillguaranteethematerialthattheysell.Ifyouwanttobeabsolutelysurethatyouarestoringin,orprintingon,thecorrectmaterialthenthisisprobablytheonlyway(正确的材料,那么这可能是唯一的方法).

  J)Incidentally( 顺便;偶然地),acidscanmigratefrommaterialtomaterial.Liningoldshoeboxes(李宁旧鞋盒)withgoodqualityacid-freepaper(无酸纸)willdolittletoguardthecontents(不保护的内容).Theacidwillgetthereintheend(酸最终会到达那里).

∙  PaperfromRag(n.破布;碎屑)

  K)Paperisalsocommonlymadefromcottonandragwaste.Thishastheadvantageofbeinglignin(木质素)-free,butbecausethereismuchlesscottonandragthantrees,italsotendstobe(它也往往会)muchmoreexpensivethanwoodpulppaper.Youwillstillneedtopurchasefromareliable(可靠的)sourcethough,sinceevenragpaperandcardcancontainundesirable(不受欢迎的,讨厌的;不方便的;不良的)additives(不良的添加剂).

  L)Areliablesourceforquality(一个质量可靠的来源)ragpapersisarecognizedartstockist(是一个公认的抹布纸艺术经销商).Manywatercolorartists(水彩艺术家)insistonusingonly(坚持只使用)finequalityragpaperandboard(抹布纸和纸板).

  M)Themainlessontolearnfromthisinformation(从这信息的主要教训)isthatyoucannotrelyonpurchasingarchivalmaterials(档案资料)fromthehighstreet(大街;主要街道).Theonlysafesolutionistopurchasefromspecialistsuppliers(专业的供应商).Itmaycostrathermore,butintheendyouwillknowthatyourimportantandvaluabledataandimageshavethebesthomepossible.

  1.Thecorn-flakepacket(玉米片包)ischeaperthanhighgradecard(优质的卡片).

  2.Therearealotofmaterialswhichcanbeusedformakingpaper,butthesuperiorityonesaresoftwood,cottonandrags.

  3.Duringthewholemanufacturingprocess,thefinalproductismadefromapulpofcellulosefibres.

  4.Inordertomakewhitepaperandcard,themakerswilladdbleach.

  5.Ligninisessentialforthetreebutitwillmakepapereasytobreak.

  6.Manypaperproducerswillpreserveligninduringmanufacture,becauseleavingtheligninwillmakemorepaperfromatree.

  7.Acidisparticularlyharmfultophotographicmaterials.

  8.Iftheligninisremovedfromthepaper,thepaperwillbemoreexpensive.

  9.Althoughfreeoflignin,papermadefromcottonandragwastecanalsocostmoremoneythanwoodpulppaper(木浆纸)becausethereismuchlesscottonandragthantrees(棉花和破布料的数量比树木少得多).

  10.Whatwecanlearnfrom"PaperfromRag"isthatyouhadbetterbuyarchivalmaterialsfromspecialistsuppliers.

文章精要:

本文主要介绍了我们平常所见所用的纸的复杂性,通过介绍用木头和破布料造纸的过程,使我们对纸的类别、属性有了更深入的了解。

  1.B根据题干中的信息提示词corn—flakepacket,highgradecard,可定位到文章第二段,该部分最后提到corn-flakepacket在制造过程中比高等级的纸(highgradecard)便宜.

  2.C根据题干中的信息提示词softwood,cottonandrags,可定位到文章第三段最后一句。

  3.D根据题干中的信息提示词finalproduct,可将答案定位到D段,第二、三句提到最后的产品来源于纤维素纸浆。

  4.D根据题干中的信息提示词whitepaperandcard,可将答案定位到D段,该部分最后提到为了得到白纸,纸张生产者在制造过程中添加了漂白粉和其他化学物质。

  5.E根据题干中的信息提示词essentialforthetree,可将答案定位到E段,该部分提到木质素是木头的主要组成物,其作用是凝聚纤维素,但它会使纸张变得易碎。

  6.F根据题干中的信息提示词lignin,可将答案定位到F段,该部分最后提到许多纸张生产者在生产过程中会保留木质素,主要是因为它会增加树木的造纸产量。

  7.G根据题干中的信息提示词acid,可将答案定位到G段,该部分最后提到酸对相纸的原料尤其不利。

  8.F根据题干中的信息提示词lignin和paper可定位到文章的F段,因为该段提到,如果在纸张的生产中去除木质素,将会降低树木出产纸张的量,由此可以知道,去除了木质素的纸张价格必定会更加昂贵。

9.K根据题干中的信息提示词cottonandragwaste可定位到文章的K段,该部分告诉我们,尽管用棉花和破布料造的纸里没有木质素,但它们要比木制的纸贵很多,这是因为棉花和破布料的数量比树木少得多,由此可以得出答案。

10.M根据题干中的信息提示词PaperfromRa9可定位到文章的最后一段,该部分提出最好到专业的供应商那里去买档案材料,由此可以得出答案。

 

HowtoMakeAttractiveandEffectivePowerPointPresentations

  A)MicrosoftPowerPointhasdramatically( 戏剧地;引人注目地)changedtheway(已经发生了很大的变化)inwhichacademic(学术)andbusinesspresentations(演示)aremade.Thisarticleoutlines(n.轮廓;概要v.概括)fewtips(本文概述了一些技巧)onmakingmoreeffectiveandattractivePowerPointpresentations.

  TheText

  B)Keepthewordingclearandsimple(保持用词简单明了).Useactive,visuallanguage.Cutunnecessarywords—agoodruleofthumb(n.拇指)(好的做法)istocutparagraphsdown(删节;削减;砍倒)tosentences,sentencesintophrases(短语;词组),andphrasesintokeywords.Limitthenumberofwordsandlinesperslide(每张幻灯片的单词和行数限制).TrytheRuleofFive-fivewordsperline(每行尝试Five-five单词的规则),fivelinesperslide.Iftoomuchtextappearsononeslide,usetheAutoFitfeaturetosplit(分离;使分离)itbetweentwoslides.Click( 点击;使发咔哒声)withintheplaceholder(占位符)todisplaytheAutoFitOptionsbutton(自动调整选项按钮)(itssymbolistwohorizontal(水平的)lineswitharrowsaboveandbelow(带箭头的上面和下面的)),thenclickonthebutton(点击这个按钮)andchooseSplitText(选择分割文本)betweenTwoSlidesfromthesubmenu( 子菜单).

  C)Fontsize(字体大小)fortitlesshouldbeatleast36to40,whilethetextbodyshouldnotbesmallerthan24.Useonlytwofontstyles(字形)perslide—oneforthetitle(标题)andtheotherforthetext.Choosetwofontsthatvisuallycontrastwitheachother(视觉上的对比).GaramondMediumCondensedandImpact(加拉蒙介质冷凝的影响)aregoodfortitles,whileGaramondorTempusSanscanbeusedforthetextbody.

  D)Embed(把…嵌入)thefontsinyourpresentation(演示文稿),ifyouarenotsurewhetherthefontsusedinthepresentationarepresent(介绍; 出现; 提出; 赠送)inthecomputerthatwillbeusedforthepresentation(如果你不确定是否使用的演示文稿中的字体,将被用于演示的计算机).Toembedthefonts:

(1)OntheFilemenu,clickSaveAs(单击“另存为).

(2)Onthetoolbar(工具栏),clickTools,clickSaveOptions,selecttheEmbedTrueTypeFontscheckbox(选择嵌入TrueType字体”复选框),andthenselectEmbedcharactersinuseonly(然后选择只使用嵌入字符).

  E)Usecolorssparingly(节俭地;节约的;少量的;拘谨地);twotothreeatmost.Youma

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