III Keys to the Literature of Romanticism.docx

III Keys to the Literature of Romanticism.docx

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IIIKeystotheLiteratureofRomanticism

KeystotheLiteratureofRomanticism

I.Fillintheblanks:

1.TheSketchBook

2.NoahWebster

3.SamuelJohnson

4.slavery

5.theTranscendentalClub

6.RalphWaldoEmerson

7.WashingtonIrving

8.WashingtonIrving

9.TheSketchBook

10.CharlestheSecond

11.TheSketchBook

12.WashingtonIrving

13.TheHistoryofNewYork

14.LifeofWashington

15.JamesFenimoreCooper

16.TheSpy

17.ThePilot

18.NattyBumppo

19.WilliamCullenBryant

20.WilliamCullenBryant

21.Odyssey

22.TheBells

23.TheRaven

24.Waldo

25.HenryDavidThoreau

26.Walden

27.Walden

28.CivilDisobedience

29.TheScarletLetter

30.MobyDick

31.VoicesoftheNight

32.DivineComedy

33.MichaelAngelo

34.Lowell

35.HenryWadsworthLongfellow

36.CivilWar

37.SirWalterScott

38.ThePioneers

39.NattyBumppo

40.RalphWaldoEmerson

41.TheAmericanScholar

42.HenryDavidThoreau

43.NathanielHawthorne

44.NathanielHawthorne

45.Clarel

46.MobyDick

II.Decidewhetherthestatementsaretrueorfalse.

1.T

2.T

3.T

4.T

5.T

6.T

7.T

8.T

9.T

10.T

11.T

12.T

13.T

14.T

15.F（poetry——history）

16.F（English——American,American——English）

17.T

18.T

19.T

20.T

21.T

22.T

23.T

24.T

25.T

26.F（poems——shortstories）

27.F（always—never）

28.T

29.F（wild—mild）

30.T

31.T

32.T

33.T

34.T

35.T

36.F（"Evangeline"——"TheCourtshipofMilesStandish"）

37.T

38.T

39.T

40.T

41.T

42.T

43.T

44.T

45.T

46.T

III.Makemultiplechoices

1.C

2.ABCD

3.D

4.B

5.ABCD

6.ABCD

7.B

8.A

9.B

10.D

11.A

12.C

13.ABC

14.ABC

15.B

16.ABCD

17.ABCD

18.AB

19.C

20.BC

21.ABCD

22.ABCD

23.D

24.ABCD

25.D

26.A

27.C

28.A

29.A

30.ABCD

31.E

32.A

33.ABCD

34.B

35.C

36.ABCDE

37.A

38.ABCD

39.AB

40.B

41.A

42.ABCDE

43.A

44.A

45.B

46.ABC

47.ABC

48.B

IV.Identifythefragments.

Passage1

1）WashingtonIrving

2）TheLegendofSleepyHollow

3）AshortstoryisabriefproseFiction,usuallyonethatcanbereadinasinglesitting.Itgenerallycontainsthesixmajorelementsoffiction—characterization,setting,theme,plot,pointofviewandstyle.

Passage2

1）JamesFenimoreCooper

2）TheLastoftheMohicans

3）Hawkeye

Passage3

1）Thanatopsis

2）Viewofdeath

3）A

4）NaturespeakstohimwhointheloveofNatureholdscommunionwithnature'svisibleforms.Naturerespondstotwohumanmoods,oneisgayness;theotherisgloominess,orsadness.

Passage4

1）EdgarAllanPoe

2）TheRaven

3）LI—Alliteration,L4—Onomatopoeia,L7—Internalrhyme,L10—Assonance

4）Asenseofmelancholyoverthedeathofabelovedbeautifulyoungwomanpervadesthewholepoem,theportrayalofayoungmangrievingforhislostLeno-re,hisgriefturnedtomadnessunderthesteadyone-wordrepetitionofthetalkingbird.

Passage5

1）EdgarAllanPoe

2）Psyche

3）PsycheisthegoddessofthesoulinGreekmythology.

Passage6

1）Nature

2）RalphWaldoEmerson

3）Then,themencannotbelieveandadoretheGod,cannotpreservetheremembranceofthecityofGodwhichhadbeenshown.

4）Transcendentalism

Passage7

1）Nature

2）RalphWaldoEmersonregardsnatureasthepurest,andthemostsanctifyingmoralinfluenceonman,andadvocatedadirectintuitionofaspiritualandimmanentGodinnature.Inthisconnection,Emerson'semotionalexperiencesareexemplaryinmorewaysthanone.

Nowthisisamomentof"conversion"whenonefeelscompletelymergedwiththeoutsideworld,whenonehascompletelysunkintonatureandbecomeonewithit,andwhenthesoulhasgonebeyondthephysicallimitsofthebodytosharetheomniscienceoftheOversoul.Inaword,thesoulhascompletelytranscendedthelimitsofindividualityandbecomepartoftheOversoul.Emersonseesspiritpervadingeverywhere,notonlyinthesoulofman,butbehindnature,throughoutnature.

Passage8

1）Walden

2）HenryDavidThoreau

3）Findtheanswerfromthepassage.

Passage9

1）Self-Reliance

2）RalphWaldoEmerson

3）Hebelievedaboveallinindividualism,independenceofmind,andself-reliance.

Passage10

1）HenryWadsworthLongfellow

2）APsalmofLife

3）Hisoptimismwhichhascharacterizedmuchofhispoetry,alsoendearedmanycriticstohim.Heseemedtohavepersevereddespitetragedy.Inhispoem,ThePsalmofLife,hewrites:

Lifeisreal!

Lifeisearnest!

Andthegraveisnotitsgoal.

Thisisthecryoftheheart,"rallyingfromdepression",readytoaffirmlife,toregroupfromlosses,topushondespitemomentarydefeat.

Passage11

1）TheScarletLetter

2）NathanielHawthorne

3）adultery,able,angel

Passage12

1）MobyDick

2）HermanMelville

3）Thecaptainofthewhalingship

4）Thenameofthewhalingship

5）TherebelliousstruggleofCaptainAhabagainsttheoverwhelming,mysteriousvastnessoftheuniverseanditsawesomesometimesmercilessforces.

V.Readingcomprehension.

Passage1

TheselinesaretakenfromSongsofMyselfbyWaltWhitman.Thepoetiscelebratingindividualismandnationalisminthispoem.Here"I"doesnotnecessarilymeanthepoetoraparticularperson,becausethepoetminglesthefirstpersonwiththesecondpersonbytheword"assume".SolaterinthispoemthepoetissingingofallthosepeoplewhoformtheAmericannationality.

Passage2

ThisselectionisfromNaturebyEmerson.ItisaclassicpieceinAmericanTranscendentalwritings,foritfirstofallcontainsthemosteffectivepunon"I"（eye）usedtodemonstratefullythespiritualityofhumanbeings.ItalsoillustratesEmersonianphilosophyofeachindividualhumanbeingbeingpartoftheUniverse,thatis,theover-soul.Lastbutnotleast,itaffirmsthedivinityofhumanbeings.

Passage3

ThisselectionistakenfromRipVanWinklebyWashingtonIrving.ItatleasthighlightsthechangethatRipfeelsasheentersthevillageafterthe20-yearsleep;thedestructiveeffectofthechange;Irving'spreferenceforthevaluesandmemoriesthataregonewiththechange.

Passage4

ThisselectionisfromHermanMelville'sMobyDick.Ahabisamanwhowillshisdeath,inthatheexertspoweroversomethingthatisbeyondhumanlimitation,whichisconsideredtobethesinofpridethatdefiesGodinabiblicalsense.Heisamanflamedwiththefireofhatredandrevenge,soobsessedwithhisselfishandwillfulpursuitthatfinallyheisdriventotheedgeofinsanityandstrippedofhumanity.Withoutloveandsympathy,Ahabdiesalonelyhero.

Passage5

Presentintheselectionisanightmarishjourneytotheforest,aconfrontationofGoodmanBrownwiththedevilishbeingsintheforest;hisinitiationintotheevilintheworldandNathanielHawthorne'svisionofsinandevilatthecoreofhumanheart.

VI.Analyzethemainworks.

Work1

RiplivedinanoldDutchvillageatthefootoftheCatskillMountains,withinviewoftheHudsonRiver,intheperiodwhen"thecountrywasyetaprovinceofGreatBritain".Hewas"asimple,good-naturedman;hewas,moreover,akindneighborandanobedienthe-peckedhusband".YetRipwaslazyandthiskepthiminconstanttroublewithhiswife.Histwofavoritepastimesweresittinginfrontoftheinn,talkingaboutlifewithhisfriends,andwanderingthroughthemountainswithhisdog,Wolf.Ononeofthesetripshemetastrangedwarfofamanwhoinvitedhimtojoinhimandsomeotherstrangecompanionsinadrinkingpartyandagamesomethinglikebowling-inaremotevalley.Ripdranktoomuchandfellasleep.

Whenhewokeup,henoticedthathisjointswerestiffandthathisbeardhadgrownafootlong.Returningtohisvillage,hefounditchangedalmostbeyondrecognition.Familiarlandmarksweregone,hishousewasdesertedandinruin,andstrangerswereeverywhere.Gradually,itwasrevealedtohimthathehadsleptfortwentyyears.Hewasreunitedwithamarrieddaughter,whotookhimtolivewithher.Ripadjustedtohisalteredworldwhere,"insteadofbeingsubjectofhisMajestyGeorgetheThird,hewasnowafreecitizenoftheUnitedStates",whocontentedlyassumedtheroleofthevillagepatriarch.

LiterarycriticspointoutfourmainanalysesintheirapproachtoRipandthestory'stheme:

1）thestoryofmanwhohasdifficultiesfacinghisadvancingage;2）thecontradictoryimpulsesinAmericatowardwork—thepuritanattitudeasopposedtotheAmericandesireforleisure;3）thethemeofescapefromone'sresponsibilitiesandevenone'shistory;4）thelossofidentity.Eachofthesethemesiswoventogetherthroughoutthetale.

Ripfindsitdifficulttocommunicatewiththepracticalworld,forheislonely,andconsequentlyspendsmuchofhistimewiththosepeopleandthingswhichhelphimfeelcomfortable.Hehas"inherited...butlittleofthemartialcharacterofhisancestors"（thePuritans）.Toalimiteddegree,hecanrelatetothechildrenofthevillage,forhisimaginationisthatofachild,baseduponstoriesof"ghosts,witchesandIndians".Buteventheyplaytricksonhimwith"impunity".HecancommunicatewithWolf,hisdog,"whowasasmuchhenpeckedashismaster".Andfinally,andmostimportantly,Ripdoesnotfindanyconnectiontotheworldofwork,ofgettingandspending.Irvingwrites:

"ThegreaterrorinRip'scompositionwasaninsuperableaversiontoallkindsofprofitablelabor".Inshort,RipwasabitofafoolintermsoftheidealsofAmericans------------amanwho"wasoneofthosehappymortals,offoolish,well-oileddispositions,whotaketheworldeasy..."

Ripcancommunicatewiththatperpetualclubofthesages,philosophers,and