Review on the competence research of health field in China.docx

Review on the competence research of health field in China.docx

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ReviewonthecompetenceresearchofhealthfieldinChina

ReviewonthecompetenceresearchofhealthfieldinChina

GUOXiu-juan，YUHong-jian

SchoolofHealthManagement，HangzhouNormalUniversity，ZhejiangHangzhou310036，China

【Abstract】Competenceisanewkindviewofquality，whichstressesindividualcharacteristicsassociatedwith

outstandingperformanceonajob．Basedontheanalysisofcompetenceresearchesinthedomestichealthfield，this

paperfindsthatmostresearcherswerecenteredonconstructingvarioustypesofhealthpersonnelcompetencemodes．

Objectsoftheresearchesbeganwiththemanagersoffourcategoriesofhealthinstitutions，andfocusedonhospitaldi-

rectorsandnursesandexpandedintothehealthtechnicians．Researchmethodsfocusonbehavioraleventinterviews，

questionnairesandstatisticalanalysismethod．Inaddition，thepapersummariesmainproblemsinthecurrentandac-

cordinglymakesappropriaterecommendations:

unifyingtheunderstandingofcompetence，enhancingtheempirical

studyofthemodelanditsapplication，elevatingthesystemiclevelandpromotingthegroupleveloftheresearch．

【Keywords】Competence;Competency;Competencemodel

CompetenciesarethosethatcandifferentiatebetweenhighperformanceandperformanceinGeneralisrelativelystableandbeabletologicallycategorizedasindividualpotential,in-depthfeatures.Competencyconcept20centuries90introducedlateinChina,introducinghealthbeganin2004year.Inrecentyears,ashealth-carereformhigherdemandsonthequalityofpractitionersinthefieldofhealth,competenceresearchmoreandmoreareasofhealthpriorityandemergingashottopics.ThroughoutChina'scompetenceinthefieldofhealthresearch,researchfocusedonmanagersofhealthinstitutions,rathersimilarresearchmethods,studiesfortheconstructionofacompetencymodel.Forbettersummaryofexistingresearchresults,identifyproblems,peoplestartorstep

Continuedtodeepenthestudy,thisarticleoncompetenceresearchreviewofrelatedliteratureinthefieldofhealth.Thissummaryofhasandcompetentforcerelatedandpublicpublishedofjournalspapersandexcellentdegreepapers,selectWanfang,andChinajournalsfulltextandtheChinaexcellentBomasterdegreepapersfulltextdatabase,whileusingreadshowacademicsearch,tocompetentforce,andcompetentcapacity,andcompetentfeatures,andcompetentqualityforkeywordsrespectivelyforinitialretrieved,againtohealth,andnursing,andnurse,anddoctor,andpharmacists,andChinesemedicine,andhealthforkeywordsinretrievedresultsintherespectivelyforIItimesretrieved,timequalifiedfor1979years-2010years,screeningforarticle-by-article,removedduplicatedocumentation,excludingnon-academicpapers,atotalof

*Abouttheauthor:

GuoXiujuan,female（1985year-）,master,themainresearchdirectionforthemanagementofprimaryhealthcareandcommunityhealthservices.

E-mail:

xiujuan_guo@126．com

Correspondingauthor:

YuHongjian.E-mail:

yhj8327@sohu．com

Relatedliterature97articles.Studyonpaperfirstbrieflydescribesthecompetency-relatedconcepts,thencombedcompetenceresearchdevelopmentinthefieldofhealth,focusingontheresearchobjectsandmethodsofanalysis,analysisofrelatedissues.1competenceconcept

1．1competencydefinition'competence（Competence）ofconceptsthatwerefirstUnitedStatesscholarRob-

ertWhiteYu1959presentation［1］,1973yearUnitedStatesfamouspsychologistsMcClellandProfessorofAmericanPsychologistpublishedjournalsentitledTestingforCompetenceRatherthanfor"Intelligence"article［2］Marksthebeginningofthecompetencymovement,laidtheFoundationfortheemergenceoftheoryofShengRenLi［3］AndcompetenceofChina'sacademicresearchstartedin20centuries90late［4］。

Nearly40yearsofdomesticandoverseasscholarshavemadeanumberofcompetenciesdefined

Butsofarhasnotbeenuniform.McClellandandearlyresearchers'competence（Competence）oftheterm,laterbecomingresearchersandpractitionersusingcompetency（Competency）.Studyathomeandabroad,competenceandcompetenceareoftenusedinterchangeably.Bothtermshavethesamemeaning,andnowacademiabutalsonoconsensus（table1）.Thisarticlebelievethatcompetencyisacompetencyabstraction;Competencyistheembodimentofthecompetency,areexplicitcharacteristicsofcompetency.Table1domesticandforeignscholars'viewsoncompetencyandcompetency

Scholars

Views

Berman［5］

Competencyisasignofcompetency,toknowrecognizeexcellentperformance,behavioral,functionalskills;

Competencyisbasedonobservable,functionalskills,mainlystressestheintegrationoffunctionalaspects.

McClelland［5］

Competenceconcernstheactualbehaviorofindividualsinagivenscenario

Performance;

Competencyistheindividual'sabilitytoperformjobresponsibilitiesandperformanceachieved.

JiangQicheng［6］

Competenceisrelativetospecificpositionsorassignments,individualqualitiesorcharacteristics;

Whencompetenciesspecifictoaparticularpositionortaskwhenyoucanproduceoneormorespecificcompetency,sumandpostuptoapersonalitytraitcalledcompetency.

Currentcompetencycontenttherearetwomainviews:

featuresofOutlookandOutlook.Featuresconceptholderbelievesthatcompetencyislatent,persistentidentity,UnitedStatesscholarBoyatzisandSpencerisrepresented;Viewcompetencyasaparticularcaseofholderofknowledge,skillsandmotivationofitsapplicationandtheactualbehaviors,UnitedKingdomresearchersWoodruffrepresented[7].Judgingfromtheexistingresearchresults,themajorityofscholarsonthecharacteristicsofpreference,endorsedSpencercouplesin1993yearthecompetencyconcept[8],thatcompetencyisassociatedwitheffectiveorgoodperformancecharacteristicsofindividualpotential,consistsoffivelevels:

Knowledge,skillsandself-concept,characteristicsandmotivations.

Althoughtherearecertainproblemsonthefeaturesviewintheactions,viewbyvirtueofexplicitbehaviorconducivetoaccurateunderstandingandrecognitionofthecompetence,buttheultimatepurposeisnottomeasurecompetencytestsspecificbehaviour,butthatsuchviolationsareacommonfeatureof［7］。

Therefore,thisarticlefindsthatcompetenciesarethosethatcandifferentiatebetweenhighperformanceandperformanceinGeneralisrelativelystableandbeabletologicallycategorizedasindividualpotential,in-depthfeatures.Althoughactualresearcherinthestudyofindividualbehaviorrequiredtomeasurecompetency,buttheActitselfisnotcompetence,butofitsmanifestations.Competenceofdomesticscholarsonanumberofdifferenttitles,likecompetence,competence,competence,competence,tothefournountitlesinChinaknownfornetworkretrieval,usemoreisthenotionofcompetence.Althoughcompetencydefinitionsscholarsstillhadnotachievedconsensus,itwasgenerallyfeltthatcompetencyhasthefollowingcharacteristics:

arecloselyrelatedtojobperformance;Associatedwiththetask,isdynamicinnature;AbletodistinguishbetweenexcellentperformanceandGeneral.

1．2competenciesthecompetencymodelcontainsindividualcharacteristicstoclassifyaslogical,fallintothesamecategoryofindividualfeatures,formadimensionsofcompetencyandcompetenceofdifferentdimensionsconstitutethecompetencymodel.Thecompetencymodelreferstotheroleisresponsibleforaparticularsumwillhavecompetence,itisforaspecificjobperformancerequirementscombineasetofcompetencies,isthestructuralformofcompetency,corecompetenceresearch.Competencymodelcurrentlyonthetabletherearetwomainkinds:

icebergmodel（figure1）andtheonionmodel（figure2）.

Figure1theicebergmodel

Figure2theonionmodel

SpencerAndothersconcludednearly20yearsofresearchandapplications,proposesacompetenceoftheicebergmodel（TheIcebergModel）andtheonionmodel（TheOnionModel）［10］。

Twomodelgraphicallydescribesthecompetencywasexcavatedandtheeaseofdevelopment---fromthetopdown,thatProfessorPNexpounds,competencewasalsoincreasedthedifficultyofmininganddevelopment,mostlowerandinnermostofthemostentrenchedandcompetencydevelopment.

2ourcompetenceinthefieldofhealthresearch

2．1researchcontentasthecompetenceconceptoccurredinChina,scholarsandresearchattentiontothisconceptincreaseseveryyear.Canbeseenfromstatisticstodocumentnumber,despitelatestartofdomesticcompetenceinthefieldofhealthresearch,butitsrapidgrowthinthenumberofliterature.

2．1．1targetedtofourtypesofhealthfacilitiesmanagersintroducedcompetencydevelopment

（2005-2006years）

2001YearsMinistryofhealthinChina2001-2015yearshealthhumandevelopmentplatformforunderinthemadehashealthtalentteamconstructionoftargetandconstructionprinciples,onhealthtalentmadehasmorehighofpostcompetentforcerequirements;2003yearsmydeterminesimplementationtalentpowerstrategy,decidedreformvarioustalentevaluationway,perfecttalentevaluationmeans,developmentapplicationmoderntalentevaluationtechnology,establishedvarioustalentevaluationindicatorssystem.Inthiscontext,2004yearof12monthsestablisheda"studyonthecompetencyofhealthinstitutionmanagers"topic.Thesubjectin2005yearwasofficiallylaunched,China'scompetenceinthefieldofhealthresearchsubstantive.Inviewofthehospital,theCentersfordiseasecontrolandprevention,communityhealthcentersandfourinstitutionsaccountedforwiththeexceptionoftownshipclinics（）healthinstitutionsotherthan88.21